Flow of Energy in the Environment

8/9/2019 Flow of Energy in the Environment

1/14

Energy Flow in the

Environment


2/14

Food Pyramid


3/14

Defnition: The ood pyramid is designed to make healthy eating

easier. Healthy eating is about getting the orret amounto nutrients ! protein" at" arbohydrates" vitamins andminerals you need to maintain good health.

Foods that ontain the same type o nutrients are groupedtogether on eah o the shelves o the Food Pyramid. Thisgives you a hoie o di#erent oods rom whih to hoose ahealthy diet.

Following the Food Pyramid as a guide will help you get the

right balane o nutritious oods within your alorie range.$tudies show that we take in too many alories rom oodsand drinks high in at" sugar and salt" on the top shel o theFood Pyramid. They provide very little o the essentialvitamins and minerals your body needs. %imiting these isessential or healthy eating.


4/14

Healthy eating involves:

&reads" rie" potatoes" pasta and ereals

Fruits and vegetables

$ome milk" heese and sugar

$ome meat" poultry" eggs" beans andnuts

$mall amount o ats and oils

' very small amount or no ood anddrinks high in at" sugar and salts


5/14

Transer o energy

The transer o matter and energy in ood rom one trophilevel to another is not e(ient. &iomass is the total mass oorganisms in a ood hain or a ood web. This is due toseveral reasons:

)ot all plants and animals are eaten by organisms

$ome parts o plants or animals are not edible*nly about +,- o biomass and energy is transerredto the net beause muh o the energy is lost when itis transerred to the net.

This relationship between produers and onsumers an bedepited through an energy pyramid and a biomasspyramid.


6/14

Energy Pyramid


7/14

Defnition:

'n eologial pyramid 0also trophi pyramid or energypyramid1 is a graphial representation designed to showthe biomass or biomass produtivity at eah trophi level ina given eosystem.

Eologial pyramids begin with produers on the bottom0suh as plants1 and proeed through the various trophilevels 0suh as herbivores that eat plants" then arnivoresthat eat herbivores" then arnivores that eat those

arnivores" and so on1. The highest level is the top othe ood hain.


8/14

The di#erent levels represent di#erent groups oorganisms that might ompose a ood hain. From thebottom2up" they are as ollows:

Producers3 bring energy rom nonlivingsoures into the ommunityPrimary consumers3 eat the produers"whih makes them herbivores in mostommunitiesSecondary consumers3 eat the primary

onsumers" whih makes them arnivoresTertiary consumers3 eat the seondaryonsumers


9/14

'n energy pyramid4s shape shows how the amount o useulenergy that enters eah level 3 hemial energy in the orm oood 3 dereases as it is used by the organisms in that level.

The onse5uene is that even though a lot o energy may betaken in at any level" the energy that ends up being stored there! whih is the ood available to the net level 3 is ar less.$ientists have alulated that an average o 6,- o the energyentering eah step o the ood hain is 7lost8 this way 0althoughthe total amount in the system remains unhanged1.

The onsumers at the top o a ood pyramid" as a group" thushave muh less energy available to support them than thoseloser to the bottom. That4s why their numbers are relatively

ew in most ommunities. Eventually" the amount o useulenergy let an4t support another level. That4s why energy 9owis depited in the shape o a pyramid. The energy that enters aommunity is ultimately lost to the living world as heat.


10/14

&iomass Pyramid


11/14

Defnition:

'n biomass pyramidshows the relationship betweenbiomass and trophi level by 5uantiying the amount obiomass present at eah trophi level o an eologialommunity at a partiular moment in time.

t is a graphial representation o biomass 0total amount oliving or organi matter in an eosystem1 present in unitarea in di#erent tropi levels. Typial units or a biomasspyramid ould be grams per meter;" or alories per meter;.


12/14

Their energy apaity is usually onentrated at the base" whih isrepresented as being wide and dereases as one move up to the

ape. The pyramid is used as a manner o lariying the movemento the biomass as well as the energy through the eosystem.

The manner o Pyramid o &iomass representation is based on thethermodynamis.

The law states that energy an never be destroyed and neitheran it be reated. t means that energy an only be transerred rom one orm to

another.The pyramid represents the animals that eat plants" then thosethat eat the grass eating animals and then those that eat theanimals eeding on other animals. The last step is thedeomposers. The energy is hene transerred through the hainand onverted in the biomass.


13/14

The pyramid o biomass may be


14/14

Thats All..

THANK YOU!

Documents

Flow of Energy in the Environment