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Slides handout for the Florida Sentencing lecture at the 2015 Florida Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers Criminal Law Board Certification Review Seminar.
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3/16/2015
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FLORIDA SENTENCINGFLORIDA SENTENCINGFlorida Association ofFlorida Association of
Criminal Defense LawyersCriminal Defense LawyersTampa Marriott Westshore Hotel,
Tampa, Florida
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Tampa, FloridaFriday, March 27, 2015
Hon. William H. Burgess, III, B.C.S.Author, FLORIDA SENTENCING (Thomson-Reuters 2015)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
GOALS OF INSTRUCTION:GOALS OF INSTRUCTION:
Identify the main features of Florida state sentencing law and procedure
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Become familiar with common sentencing terms
Spot important sentencing issues
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MATERIALS PROVIDED:MATERIALS PROVIDED:
DOC Criminal Punishment Code ScoresheetPreparation Manual
Advanced Sentencing Law Handout
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Advanced Sentencing Law Handout
Copies of Lecture Slides
SENTENCE DEFINED:SENTENCE DEFINED:The punishment imposed by a judge in a
criminal court upon a defendant convicted in a criminal prosecution.
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
FLORIDA TRIAL COURT STATISTICS FOR JULY 2013 THROUGH JUNE 2014(Does not include Juvenile or Traffic)
County CriminalDefendants
Circuit CriminalDefendants
Circuit CriminalCounts
County CriminalCounts
Filed 355,981 176,768 375,956 NA
Disposed Before Trial 33,935 175,259 363,138 NA
(Plea) 198,113 135,377 255,596 NA
(Convicted) 882 53 110 NA
Disposed After JuryTrial
1,420 3,344 8,578 NA
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Trial
(Plea) 101 246 503 NA
(Convicted) 669 2,246 5,565 NA
Probation Revocation Hearings: 70,930 Circuit Courts32,432 County Criminal
Traffic: 369,489 criminal offenses disposed, including 329,275 criminal cases and 40,214 DUIs
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PRIMARY STATUTES:PRIMARY STATUTES: 921.0017-.244 Sentence 775.01-.31 Definitions; General Penalties;
Registration of Criminals 777.04 Attempts, Solicitation, and Conspiracy 948.001-.90 Probation & Community Control
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
y 958.011-.19 Youthful Offenders 985.345, .35 Juvenile Justice; Adjudication 985.43-.494 Juvenile Justice; Disposition;
Postdisposition
PRIMARY RULES OF PRIMARY RULES OF PROCEDURE:PROCEDURE:
3.700-.801 Sentence
8.110 Adjudicatory Hearings
8.115 Disposition Hearings
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
8.115 Disposition Hearings
8.120 Post-Disposition Hearing
CLASSES OF CRIMINAL OFFENSESCLASSES OF CRIMINAL OFFENSESMISDEMEANORS:1st Degree Max 12M County Jail2nd Degree Max 60D County Jail
FELONIES:1st Degree Max 30Y Prison*
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
g2nd Degree Max 15Y Prison3rd Degree Max 5Y Prison
* Capital, Life, and PBL felonies are designated by statute
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LIFE FELONIESLIFE FELONIESA defendant who has been convicted of a life felony committed A defendant who has been convicted of a life felony committed prior to prior to October 1, 1983October 1, 1983 may be punished by a term of imprisonment for life or for a may be punished by a term of imprisonment for life or for a term of years not less than 30; for a life felony committed term of years not less than 30; for a life felony committed on or after on or after October 1, 1983October 1, 1983 by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 40 years; for a by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 40 years; for a life felony committed life felony committed on or after July 1, 1995on or after July 1, 1995, except for one which was , except for one which was committed on or after September 1, 2005 which is a violation of section committed on or after September 1, 2005 which is a violation of section 800.04(5)(b), for a term of imprisonment for life or by imprisonment for a 800.04(5)(b), for a term of imprisonment for life or by imprisonment for a
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
( )( ), p y p( )( ), p y pterm of years not exceeding life imprisonment; and for a life felony term of years not exceeding life imprisonment; and for a life felony committed on or after committed on or after September 1, 2005 September 1, 2005 which is a violation of s. which is a violation of s. 800.04(5)(b), by a term of imprisonment for life, or a split sentence that is a 800.04(5)(b), by a term of imprisonment for life, or a split sentence that is a term of not less than 25 years imprisonment and not exceeding life term of not less than 25 years imprisonment and not exceeding life imprisonment, followed by probation or community control for the remainder imprisonment, followed by probation or community control for the remainder of the persons natural life, as provided in section 948.012(4).of the persons natural life, as provided in section 948.012(4).
CAPITAL FELONIESCAPITAL FELONIES
Mandatory death sentence if convicted and court finds that the defendant shall be so punished
The only other alternative is life imprisonment
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
The only other alternative is life imprisonment
Not all capital felonies by name are punishable by death, e.g., capital sexual battery
COMMON LAW CRIMES:COMMON LAW CRIMES:
1. Elements defined by statute but offense not classified Contempt
2. Elements not defined but offense classified by
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
ystatute Cheating
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PRINCIPALPRINCIPAL
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
In for a penny, in for a pound.In for a penny, in for a pound.
ACCESSORY AFTER THE FACTACCESSORY AFTER THE FACT
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
ATTEMPTS, CONSPIRACIES, AND ATTEMPTS, CONSPIRACIES, AND SOLICITATIONSSOLICITATIONS
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
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Historical Florida Sentencing SchemesHistorical Florida Sentencing SchemesPrimary Offense Date
Oct 1, 1993 Dec 31, 1993
Jan 1, 1994 May 24, 1997
May 25, 1997 Sep 30, 1998
Oct 1, 1998 -present
Sentencing Scheme
Florida Sentencing Guidelines
1994 Guidelines 1995 Guidelines Criminal Punishment Code
Forms Used Rule 9.988 (j) Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet
(Untitled Continuation Sheet)
Rule 3.990(a) Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet
Rule 3.990(b) Supplemental
Rule 3.991(a) Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet
Rule 3.991(b) Supplemental
Rule 3.992(a) Criminal Punishment Code Scoresheet
Rule 3.992(b) Criminal Punishment Code Supplemental
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet
Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet
Scoresheet
Florida Statutes s. 921.001 ss. 921.0001-.0016 ss. 921.0001-.0016 ss. 921.002-.0027
Rules Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.701 and 3.988
Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.702 and 3.990
Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.703 and 3.991
Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.704 and 3.992
DOC Reference Manual
Forms 3.988(a)-(i) (Worksheets 1-9)
Florida Sentencing Guidelines Scoresheet Preparation Manual (Jan 1, 1994)
Florida Sentencing Guidelines ScoresheetPreparation Manual (Jan 1, 1995)
Florida Criminal Punishment Code ScoresheetPreparation Manual (Oct 1.2010)
ORIGINAL ORIGINAL GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
ORIGINAL ORIGINAL GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
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19941994GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
19941994GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
19941994GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
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19941994GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
19951995GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
19951995GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
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19951995GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
19951995GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
1998 1998 CRIMINAL CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
PUNISHMENT PUNISHMENT CODECODE
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1998 1998 CRIMINAL CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
PUNISHMENT PUNISHMENT CODECODE
1998 1998 CRIMINAL CRIMINAL
PUNISHMENTPUNISHMENT
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
PUNISHMENT PUNISHMENT CODECODE
COMMON CRIMINAL COMMON CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT CODE ISSUESPUNISHMENT CODE ISSUES
Victim Injury Points
Prior Record
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Legal Status Points
Community Sanction Points
Uncharged crimes
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ALTERNATE SENTENCING SCHEMES ALTERNATE SENTENCING SCHEMES AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE AND ALTERNATIVES TO THE
CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT CODECRIMINAL PUNISHMENT CODE Juvenile Youthful Offender
H bit li d
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Habitualized Capital Murder Non-Violent Offenders Diversion
Enhancement, Enhancement, Reclassification, Minimum Reclassification, Minimum
MandatoriesMandatories, Capital , Capital Felonies, Life Felonies, PRR, Felonies, Life Felonies, PRR,
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
HabitualizationHabitualization, and, and10/20/Life10/20/Life
ENHANCEMENT OF PENALTY AND ENHANCEMENT OF PENALTY AND RECLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSERECLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSE Enhancement is commonly associated with the
province of the judge in sentencing
Reclassification speaks to the degree of the crime charged and appears to attach at the time the
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
indictment or information is filed and not at the time a conviction is obtained
Reclassifications and enhancements operate independently of one another and are not alternatives to one another
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MINIMUM MANDATORY MINIMUM MANDATORY SENTENCINGSENTENCING
The court can sentence above the minimum mandatory, up to the statutory maximum
Does not implicate Apprendi considerations
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
p pp
If the lowest permissible CPC sentence is lower than the minimum mandatory, the minimum mandatory takes precedence
PRISON RELEASEE PRISON RELEASEE REOFFENDERREOFFENDER
Sec. 775.082(9)(a)1., F.S. Enumerated felonies or felony involving use or threat
of physical force or violence against an individual within 3 years of being released from a designated correctional facility or while serving a prison sentence
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
correctional facility, or while serving a prison sentence or on escape status from a designated correctional facility
State proves qualification by preponderance of evidence = no discretion on part of sentencing judge
Day for day
10/20/LIFE10/20/LIFE Sec. 775.087, F.S Reclassification and progressive mandatory minimum
sentences Inapplicable where use of weapon is essential element Actual possession = 10 (15 if semiautomatic or
machine gun)
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
machine gun) Defendant discharges = 20 Result of death or great bodily harm inflicted upon any
person = 25 minimum up to life Does not limit imposition of longer sentence
authorized by law
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HABITUAL FELONY OFFENDERHABITUAL FELONY OFFENDER Sec. 775.084(1)(a), F.S.
Requires judicial findings
Discretionary if not necessary for protection of public
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Enhancement of upper sentence limit
Cannot be used as primary offense or additional
offense on scoresheet
HABITUAL VIOLENT FELONY HABITUAL VIOLENT FELONY OFFENDEROFFENDER
Sec. 775.084(1)(b), F.S.
Requires judicial findings
Discretionary if not necessary for protection of public
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Discretionary if not necessary for protection of public
Enhancement of upper sentence limit
Cannot be used as primary offense or additional
offense on scoresheet
THREETHREE--TIME VIOLENT FELONY TIME VIOLENT FELONY OFFENDEROFFENDER
Sec. 775.084(1)(c), F.S.
Requires judicial findings
Appears to be mandatory
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Appears to be mandatory
Mandatory minimum sentences
Cannot be used as primary offense or additional
offense on scoresheet
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VIOLENT CAREER CRIMINALVIOLENT CAREER CRIMINAL
Sec. 775.084(1)(d), F.S.
Requires judicial findings
Discretionary if not necessary for protection of public
M d t i i t
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Mandatory minimum sentences
Cannot be used as primary offense or additional
offense on scoresheet
REQUIRED NOTICE OF INTENT TO REQUIRED NOTICE OF INTENT TO SEEK ENHANCED PENALTIESSEEK ENHANCED PENALTIES
as HFO, HVFO, 3as HFO, HVFO, 3--Time Violent Felony Offender, or VCCTime Violent Felony Offender, or VCC
Shotgun general notice permissible Court must elect one enhancement scheme at sentencing Defendant must be personally aware of consequences of such
sentence before sentence imposed and have fair opportunity t f t hi h t b b d
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
to refute any errors upon which sentence may be based Statement made by prosecutor to judge in presence of
defendant and formal notice filed shortly before sentencing hearing and handed to defendant during hearing do not meet the requirements of the law
Not required for PRR
Summary of Punishments Authorized by Sec. 775.084, F.S.Summary of Punishments Authorized by Sec. 775.084, F.S.
3rd Degree Felonies
2nd Degree Felonies
1st Degree Felonies
Life Felonies
Habitual Felony Offenders
Up to 10 years Up to 30 years Life imprisonment Life imprisonment
Habitual Violent
Up to 10 years; not eligible for release for 5
Up to 30 years; not eligible for release for 10
Life imprisonment; not eligible for release for 15
Life imprisonment; not eligible for release for 15
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Felony Offenders
release for 5 years
release for 10 years
release for 15 years
release for 15 years
Three-Time Violent Offenders
Mandatory Minimum of 5 years
Mandatory minimum of 15 years
Mandatory minimum of 30 years
Mandatory minimum of life imprisonment
Violent Career Criminals
Up to 15 years, with a mandatory minimum of 10 years
Up to 40 years, with a mandatory minimum of 30 years
Life imprisonment; no discretionary early release
Life imprisonment; no discretionary early release
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ScoresheetScoresheet Preparation Where Preparation Where Enhancements ApplyEnhancements Apply
Separate scoresheets prepared
Enhanceables (HFO, HVFO, 3-Time VFO, VCC, etc.) scored separately from CPC offenses, just as capital
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
offenses are
Prevention of enhanceables from bootstrapping non-enhanceable offenses
SENTENCING ALTERNATIVESSENTENCING ALTERNATIVES
Straight Confinement
Straight Probation or Community Control
True Split Sentence
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
True Split Sentence
Probationary Split Sentence
Split Probation
General Sentencing is Prohibited Concurrent and Consecutive Sentencing
Same Indictment or Information = Concurrent Sentencing Unless Court States OtherwiseDiff t I di t t I f ti P ibl
SENTENCING ALTERNATIVESSENTENCING ALTERNATIVES
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Different Indictment or Information = Possible Consecutive Sentencing
PRRPA, 10-20-Life and Habitualized Offenses Arising From the Same Criminal Episode
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GENERAL, CONCURRENT, AND GENERAL, CONCURRENT, AND CONSECUTIVE SENTENCINGCONSECUTIVE SENTENCING
Stacking Habitualized, PRR and Minimum Mandatory Offenses
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
JUDICIAL DISCRETIONJUDICIAL DISCRETION
Limited by constitution, statute and binding court precedent
Scant inherent or equitable power
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Ministerial role in cases involving minimum mandatories, mandatory fines, mandatory conditions, etc.
IMPACT OF IMPACT OF APPRENDIAPPRENDIAny fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum, other than the fact of a prior conviction, must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt, unless admitted.
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
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SENTENCE MITIGATIONSENTENCE MITIGATION Avoidance
Pre-emption of Felony Prosecution Pretrial Diversion
Containment Sentencing Back As a Juvenile Youthful Offender ( 948 04)
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Youthful Offender ( 948.04) Downward Departure
Statutory ( 921.0026(2), 893.135(4), 921.185) Non-Statutory
Graham v. Florida, 130 S. Ct. 2011 (2010) held that the Eighth Amendments ban on cruel and unusual punishments prohibits the imposition of a life without parole sentence on a juvenile offender who did not commit homicide. Florida appellate courts have since approved 60- to 270-year sentences, but the First District
WHAT ABOUT WHAT ABOUT GRAHAMGRAHAM??
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
approved 60 to 270 year sentences, but the First District has ruled that Graham applies to life-without-parole sentences and sentences that amount to de facto life sentences. A de facto life sentence is one that exceeds the defendants life expectancy based upon statistical evidence presented at sentencing.
NONSTATUTORY MITIGATORSNONSTATUTORY MITIGATORSSec. 921.0026(1), F.S.Sec. 921.0026(1), F.S.
Enticement Sentence entrapment/manipulation Lower sentence of an equally or more culpable co-defendant
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Diminished mental capacity Extraordinary restitution Extraordinary susceptibility Totality of circumstances
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ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SENTENCINGSENTENCING
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Applicability of Discovery to Applicability of Discovery to SentencingSentencing
Davis v. State, 73 So. 3d 304 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011)
Ell d St t 613 S 2d 434 (Fl 1983)
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Elledge v. State, 613 So. 2d 434 (Fla. 1983)
State v. Clark, 644 So. 2d 556 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
Sexton v. State, 643 So. 2d 53 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
Booker v. State, 634 So. 2d 301 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994)
Sources of EthicsSources of EthicsLAWYERS: Florida Rules of Professional Conduct Florida case law Cases from other jurisdictions Formal advisory ethics opinions issued by the
Professional Ethics Committee of The Florida Bar
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
JUDGES: Florida Code of Judicial Conduct Opinions of the Judicial Ethics Advisory Committee Florida case law Cases from other jurisdictions Judicial Ethics Benchguide
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Ethical Issues Facing the Ethical Issues Facing the ProsecutorProsecutor
Discovery of exculpatory information Change in circumstances Suspending discovery during plea negotiations
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Breach of plea agreement Scoresheet error not objected to by defense Changes to scoresheet on day of sentencing Relationship With the Media/interest groups
Ethical Issues Facing the Ethical Issues Facing the Defense AttorneyDefense Attorney
Is this my decision or my clients? Should I allow the client to speak to the PO? How much should I tell the PO or the Court? What if the PSR/scoresheet is wrong in my favor?
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
What if my client does not want me to object to an incorrect PSR/scoresheet that is wrong against my favor?
What if my client lies to the PO or the Court? What if my client is using a false or stolen identity?
Ethical Issues Facing the JudgeEthical Issues Facing the Judge
Unobjected-to factual and legal error Unreadable scoresheet Fact-pleading Defendant is barely competent
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]
Defendant is barely competent Charitable contribution as a condition of sentence Judge becomes aware of possible criminal conduct
during sentencing
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What are your What are your questions?questions?
Hon. William H. Burgess, III Email: [email protected]