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FLORA SPECIES ON THE KAYAK TRAIL
Native Species: A species that is indigenous or endemic; they are adapted to their environment and thrive in that particular ecosystem. Non-native (Introduced) Species: A species that has been brought to their current location by humans; these often become invasive. Invasive Species: A species that is not native to the area whose introduction causes economic and/or environmental harm or harm to human health.
Common Name (Scientific Name)
Native, Non-native, or Invasive Species?
Picture Fun Fact
Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Non-native, Invasive
This plant excludes native marsh plants, reducing both plant and animal diversity. This degrades the marsh habitat.
Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Attractive to wood ducks and black ducks.
Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
Hummingbirds are attracted to this flower. This flower is in bloom between May-June, a very short amount of time.
Common Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
The roots of this plant were actually used to make marshmallows!
Wild Rice (Zazinia 2aquatica)
Non-native, Invasive
Important source of food for birds, including red-winged blackbirds
Black Needlerush (Juncus roemerianus)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Back in the day, these were used for sewing needles
Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
Native
This is the most important timber species in the Southeast
Blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica)
Native
This tree reestablishes well in erosion-prone areas
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
Native
Retrieved from plants.usda.gov
This tree can be planted and used as a windbreaker in areas with high wind energy
Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Native
This tree loses its leaves in the fall and creates red foilage
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Arrow Arum (Peltandra virginica)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
These plants deflect wave energy, acting as a buffer for shoreline. Their roots also trap sediment to reduce erosion.
Wax Myrtle (Myrica cerifera)
Native
The berries of this plant can be melted down and used to make candles
Swamp Bay (Persea palustris)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
These leaves have the aroma of bay leaves that are used in cooking
Golden Ragwort (Senecio aureus)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
These plants are deer resistant and are attractive to butterflies
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
The flowers of this plant have both male and female organs.
Spatterdock (Nuphar advena)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
These are commonly known as pond lilies
Sweetbay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
The flowers on this tree have a vanilla scent
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Pink Lady Slipper (Cypripedium acaule)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
This plant has only two leaves and takes a long time to grow.
Fetterbush (Lyonia lucida)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
This plant is not poisonous, but its sap can cause irritation to the skin.
Broadleaf Arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
These plants have starchy rhizomes called “duck potatoes.” Native Americans often ate these duck potatoes.
Northern Sea Oats (Chasmanthium latifolium)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
Seed heads turns purplish bronze from green in late summer.
Common Winterberry Holly (Ilex verticillata)
Native
This is a host plant for several species of moths including: Pawpaw Sphinx, Melsheimer’s Sack-bearer, and Skiff.
Primrose (Primula vulgaris)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
These are also referred to as “sun-drops” for their bright yellow color.
Crimson-eyed Rosemallow (Hibiscus palustris)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
This plant is often called “hibiscus.”
Water Parsnip (Sium suave)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
These have a similar appearance to the poisonous Water Hemlock.
White Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus)
Native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
This can also be called “Old-man’s-beard.”
Pink Azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
This plant’s leaves are poisonous to both humans and animals. Honey from these flowers also may be toxic.
Woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus)
Native
Retrieved from plant.usda.gov
Host plant for Dion Skipper (a moth).
Tickseed Sunflower (Bidens aristosa)
Non-native
Retrieved from The Nanticoke by Tom Horton
This plant flowers from August to October.
Turk’s Cap Lily (Lilium superbum)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
The tallest of American lilies!
Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica)
Non-native, Invasive
These have orange/yellow and white flowers that have a sweet nectar that is edible
Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
Can tolerate a wide soil pH range, making it easy to grow and thrive.
Golden Club (Orontium aquaticum)
Native
Retrieved from www.marylandbiodiversity.com
After flowering, the flower stems arch over so that the flowering tip is completely under water during fruit production.