Flora & Fauna from a Woodland Habitat

Flora Fauna

Oak Blackbird

Holly Snail

Bramble Woodlouse

Ivy Badger

Bluebell Squirrel

Lords and Ladies Aphid

Primrose Ladybird

*Bracket Fungus (not a plant) Earthworm

Flora of the Woodland(Sessile Oak)

• Role in energy flow: Producer

• Adaptation: Sheds its leaves in winter to conserve water which might not be readily available. If leaves were present, water would be lost by transpiration.

• Abiotic factor: Soil pH: Grows best in Acidic soils pH 4 – pH 6.5.

• Eaten by: Aphids and caterpillars eat the leaves. Squirrels eat the acorns.

Flora of the Woodland(Holly)

• Role in energy flow: Producer

• Adaptation: Able to photosynthesise in lower light intensity as its dark green leaves have a high level of chlorophyll to maximise light absorption.

• Abiotic factor: Percentage soil water: Intolerant of wet soil.

• Eaten by: Red berries eaten by blackbirds.

Flora of the Woodland(Bramble)

• Role in energy flow:Producer

• Adaptation:Brightly coloured succulent fruits for dispersal by woodland birds. Spines on leaves and stems protect the plant and act like hooks and helps the plant to climb other shrubs.

• Abiotic factor:Soil pH: Grow best at a pH of 6 – 6.5

• Eaten by: Berries eaten by blackbirds and squirrels.

Flora of the Woodland(Ivy)

• Role in energy flow:Producer

• Adaptation:Adventitious roots enable it to climb up trees in order to reach better light.

• Abiotic factor:Light Intensity: Can grow at low light intensity.

• Eaten by:Berries and nectar provide winter feed for birds. Buds are eaten by the larvae of moths and butterflies.

Flora of the Woodland(Bluebell)

• Role in energy flow:Producer

• Adaptation:Flowers early in spring and completes its life cycle, before the canopy of leaves emerge and reduce the available light.

• Abiotic factor:Light Intensity: Needs high light intensity to flower.

• Eaten by:Bulbs are eaten by badgers. Bees eat the nectar from the flower.

Flora of the Woodland(Lords and Ladies)

• Role in energy flow:

Producer• Adaptation:

It produces a pungent smell (like rotting meat) to attract flies for pollination.• Abiotic factor:

Light Intensity: Shade tolerant, will survive at low light intensities.• Eaten by: Not eaten, it is a poisonous plant.

Flora of the WoodlandPrimrose

• Role in energy flow:

Producer

• Adaptation:

Flowers early in spring before the leaves appear on the trees which block the light.

• Abiotic factor:

Light Intensity: Needs high light intensity to flower.

• Eaten by:

Slugs, snails, and butterflies feed on the nectar.

Flora of the WoodlandBracket Fungus (not a plant)

• Role in energy flow:

Decomposer

• Adaptation:

Can obtain its nutrients from dead and decaying wood.

• Abiotic factor:

Humidity: It thrives in high humidity.

• Eaten by:

Slugs

Fauna of the Woodland(Blackbird)

• Role in energy flow:Consumer

• Adaptation:Pointed beak for probing the ground to find earthworms. Low notes in its song travel very well through the woodland.

• Abiotic factor:Air temperature: If the temperature is low, it can lead to high mortality in the young due to open nests.

• Feeds on:Ivy berries and other fruits. Also eats insects and worms.

• Eaten by:Fox

• Role in energy flow:Consumer / Herbivore

• Adaptation:Its ability to produce a slimy mucus prevents the snail drying out as it travels across dry terrain.

• Abiotic factor:Humidity: If the humidity is low it is in danger of drying out, it thrives in cool and moist conditions.

• Feeds on: Plant material e.g. primrose leaves

• Eaten by: Hedgehog and Badger

Fauna of the Woodland(Snail)

Fauna of the Woodland(Woodlice)

• Role in energy flow:Decomposer. Feeds on wood and leaf litter.

• Adaptation:Grey/brown colour provides camouflage to protect them from predators.

• Abiotic factor:Air temperature: In high temperature they tend to lose water quickly.

• Feeds on: Wood and leaf litter.

• Eaten by: Shrews, badgers and birds.

Fauna of the Woodland(Badger)

• Role in energy flow:Consumer/ Omnivore

• Adaptation:Sharp claws used for digging through the stony woodland soil to build their sets.

• Abiotic factor:Air temperature: They become inactive and sleep during very cold weather.

• Feeds on:Slugs, earthworms, beetles, roots e.g. bluebell roots.

Fauna of the Woodland(Red Squirrel)

• Role in energy flow:Primary Consumer

• Adaptation:Long bushy tail is an aid to balance on tree tops.

• Abiotic factor:Air temperature: They become less active during very cold weather.

• Feeds on:Acorns, nuts

• Eaten by: Fox

Fauna of the Woodland(Aphid)

• Role in energy flow:Consumer / Herbivore

• Adaptation:Mouth parts are adapted for sucking plant sap.

• Abiotic factor:Temperature: As the temperature increases the aphids reproduce faster.

• Feeds on: Plant sap

• Eaten by: Ladybirds

Fauna of the Woodland(Ladybird)

• Role in energy flow:Secondary Consumer / Carnivore

• Adaptation:Bright colour deters predators

• Abiotic factor:Air temperature:

determines the length of the life cycle

• Feeds on:Aphids (Greenfly) and other small insects.

Fauna of the Woodland(Earthworm)

• Role in energy flow:

Decomposers

• Adaptation:

• Can move through the soil quickly

• Abiotic factor:

soil water. During periods of dry weather they cannot move through the soil. They travel deep into the soil to avoid dehydration

• Feeds on:

Dead plant material.

• Eaten by:

Blackbird and Fox.

Woodland Food Web

Primrose

Fox

Squirrel

Oak AcornIvy berries

Blackbird

Bramble

SnailAphid

LadybirdBadger