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FLOORS

B.Arch.II. Sem.III. B.M.C.III.July-Dec 2010

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Contents


1. Floors as a component of building:

- Definition and need in a building

- Requirements of good floors what purposes they should serve

2. Components of floors:

- Floor system

- Flooring material

3. Classification of floors: basic understanding:

- Construction of Ground floors

- Construction of Upper floors

4. Classification of floors based on construction materials and structural systems

- Concreter floors: cast in situ and precast- Steel floors

- Wood floors

- Composite floors

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Floor as a component of a building

Floor systems are buildingsprimary horizontal planes, which mustsupport both live loads and dead loads. (The weight of the floorconstruction it self)

Floor system must transfer their loads horizontally across space toeither beams or columns or to bearing walls.

The depth of a floor system is directly related to the size andproportion of the structural bays it must span and the strength ofthe material used.

The size and placement of any cantilevers and openings within thefloor plane should also be considered in the floor layout of a floor

systemsstructural supports.

A floor systems edge conditions and connections to supportingfoundation and wall systems affect both a buildings structuralintegrity an its physical appearance.


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Floor as a component of a building

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Essential / functional requirements of floor

Stability

Strength

Prevention of passage of moisture/ damp resistance

Durability

Fire resistance

Thermal properties/insulation

Resistance to sound transmission and sound absorption


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Stability A floor is designed and constructed to serve as a horizontal surface to

support people and their equipment etc.

The floor should have stiffness to remain reasonably stable andhorizontal under the live load, dead load of the floor structure andother fixture.

The floor structure should accommodate If services are provided, likeelectricity water etc. without affecting its stability. The stability of suchfloors depends on characteristics of the soil under it.

Strength

The strength of the floor depends on the characteristics of thematerials used for the structure of the floor Such as timber steel orconcrete.

The floor structure must be strong enough to safely support the deadload of the floor and finishes, fixtures, partitions and other services.



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The ground floor of the building will tend to encourage moisturefrom the ground below to raise and make the floor damp and feelcold and uncomfortable.

Durability

Ground or upper floors are adequately constructed and protectedinside a sound envelop of walls and roofs, should be durable for theexpected life of the building and required maintenance and repair.

Fire resistance

Floors should be constructed to provide resistance to fire for aperiod adequate for the escape of the occupants from the buildings.



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Thermal properties/insulation A floor should provide resistance to transfer of heat where there is

normally significant air temperature difference on the opposite sidesof the floor. Resistance to sound transmission and soundabsorption

Floor should act as a barrier to the transmission of airborne sound andreduce impact sound.


The ground floor of the building will tend to encourage moisture from

the ground below to raise and make the floor damp and feel cold anduncomfortable.



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Components of a floor:

A floor is composed of two essential components:

(1) sub-floor, base floor or floor base(2) floor covering or flooring

The floor base is a structural component, which supports the floorcovering. For the ground floors, the object of floor base is to give

proper support to the covering so that it does not settle, and toprovide damp resistance and thermal insulation.

The floor covering is the top most finish applied on floor base toprovide even surface with required aesthetics functional quality.

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Materials used for the construction of ground floor base are:

1. Plain Cement Concrete (PCC)

2. Lime Concrete

3. Stones

4. Bricks

5. wooden blocks (For wooden flooring only)

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Typical details for a solid ground floor base:

The floor base for a solidground floor is shown inthe figure.

The lowest layer, just above ground surface is that of compacted earth fill.

The second layer may either of lean cement concrete or of bricks or stones

arranged and packed properly.

The third layer cement concrete is more common since it gives proper rigidity to

the floor base.

Over the third layer of floor base, floor finish or flooring is laid.

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Suspended timber ground floor:

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Floor system for the construction of upper floors:


- Concreter floors:

- cast in situ and precast

- Steel floors

- Wood floors

- Composite floors

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Concrete Floor Systems

Cast in situ concrete floor slabs are classified according to theirspan and cast form.

Precast concrete planks may be supported by beams or loadbearing walls.


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Steel

Steel beams support steel decking or precast concrete planks.

Beams may be supported by girders, columns, or load bearing walls.

Beam framing is typically an integral part of a steel Skelton framesystem.

Closely spaced light-gauge or open-web joists may be supported bybeams or load-bearing walls.

Steel decking or wood planks have relatively short span.

Joists have limited overhang potential.


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Steel frame construction

for floors

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W d

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Wood

Wood beams support structural planking or decking.

Beams may be supported by girders, post or load bearing walls.

Concentrated loads and floor openings may require additional

framing.

Underside of floor structure may be left exposed, an applied ceilingmay be optional

Relatively small, closely spaced joists may be supported by beamsor load bearing walls.

Subflooring, underlayment, and applied ceiling finishes haverelatively short spans.

Joist framing is flexible is shape and form.


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Image references:

http://www.ez-build.com/products.html

http://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpg

http://www.stratco.com.au/products/steel_framing/types/tuffloor/images/gallery/G%20Stratco%20Tuffloor%20flooring%20system.jpg

Literature References

http://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.stratco.com.au/products/steel_framing/types/tuffloor/images/gallery/G%20Stratco%20Tuffloor%20flooring%20system.jpghttp://www.stratco.com.au/products/steel_framing/types/tuffloor/images/gallery/G%20Stratco%20Tuffloor%20flooring%20system.jpghttp://www.stratco.com.au/products/steel_framing/types/tuffloor/images/gallery/G%20Stratco%20Tuffloor%20flooring%20system.jpghttp://www.stratco.com.au/products/steel_framing/types/tuffloor/images/gallery/G%20Stratco%20Tuffloor%20flooring%20system.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.infolink.com.au/odin/images/232668/Structural-Steel-Beams-and-Steel-Flooring-Systems-by-Spantec-Systems-232668.jpghttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.htmlhttp://www.ez-build.com/products.html

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floors1 2010