Floor Finish

FLOOR FINISH

Compiled by : FD Architects ForumGr. Floor , Ashoka apartmentBhawani Singh RoadC-scheme , Jaipur -302001Rajasthan ( INDIA)Ph. 91-0141-2743536Email: [email protected] : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

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FLOOR FINISHING

Among the factor that will influence theselection of floor finishing are as follows:a) Function of the floorb) Pricec) Maintenanced) Comfortable


TYPES OF FLOOR FINISHING

Concrete flooring (Vaccum Dewatered ) Terrazzo (marble Chips ) Flooring Glazed Ceramic Tile PVC sheet (tile) Flooring ( Vinyl Flooring) Carpet Marble Wood parquet Mosaic Timber Rubber flooring Linoleum flooring


A good finishing will have the followingcharacteristic:a) look attractive / beautifulb) comfortable & safec) long lasting and able to prevent

- high temperature- fungi- chemical corrosion


Vaccum DewateredFlooring (VDF)Benefits1. Compressive strength of floor increases

by up to 60%2. Tensile strength increases by @ 70%3. Cement consumption is reduced to the

extent of 40%, no cement is requiredseparately for finishing the surface.

4. Abrasion resistance of the floorincreases by @ 60% resulting in lesswear and rear of the floor surface

5. Shrinkage of concrete is reduced andfloor wraps less.

6. Elimination of curling

Elimination of Curling


Vaccum DewateredFlooring (VDF)

SCHEMATIC SHOWING VACUUMDEWATERING PROCESS

In this system, concrete is poured in place & vibratedwith a poker vibrator. Then a screed vibrator is runover the surface, supported on channel shutteringspaced 4.0 meters apart. The screed vibrator is runtwice to achieve optimum compaction & leveling.After this a system of lower mats & top mat is laid onthe green concrete & this is attached to a vacuumpump. This draws out excess water.

A: Double Beam ScreedVibratorB : Groove CuttingMachineC: Power Floater CumTrowel

D : Vacuum Pump


TERRAZO (MOSAIC) TILESTerrazo as in situ and tile floors were once very popular in India andare still being used in middle class houses. However, unless the tilesare made of proper constituents and are well cured, they tend to getpitted. It also requires polishing after it is laid so that enough timeshould be given at the planning stage itself for its laying with respectto the time of completion of the building.

Coarse aggregate Binder Fine aggregate

white orcolouredmarble chips

cement(greywhite orcoloured)

marble powder(or magnesitepowder

Terrazo

decorativeconcrete


TERRAZO (MOSAIC) TILESSizes of terrazo tiles. Terrazo tiles should conform to IS 1237-1959.The nominal sizes (together with the joints) are as follows:1. 200 mm x 200 mm with 20 mm total thickness2. 300 mm x 300 mm with 25 mm total thickness3. 250 mm x 250 mm with 22 mm total thickness

1. Absorption test

TEST

2. Abrasion test (resistance to wear)

3. Transverse strength test on dry tiles

4. Transverse strength test on tiles afterimmersion in water for 24 hours


TERRAZO (MOSAIC) TILES1. Absorption test

2. Abrasion test (resistance to wear)

Full-sized tiles are immersed in water and the absorption of water isto be determined as a percentage absorption.

As per Appendix A of IS 1237-1959 titled "Cement concrete flooringtiles".The test is conducted on a 7.06 cm x 7.06 cm (50 sq. cm) specimen cutfrom the tile. After it is abraded in the machine by 200 revolutions in theprescribed manner, the loss in weight is determined. The wear inthickness is calculated by weighing the tiles before and after the test asfollows:


TERRAZO (MOSAIC) TILES3. Transverse strength test on dry tiles

4. Transverse strength test on tiles afterimmersion in water for 24 hours

In this test, full-size tiles are tested on a span indicated in below Tableand loaded at midpoint. The modulus of rupture should not be less than3 N/mm2 for dry specimen and loss in modulus of rupture should not bemore than one third in specimen tested after 24 hours of submersion inwater. They are tested with wearing surface as the upper surface.


RESILIENT FLOORMATERIALS

The word "resilient" means able to bring back tothe original form after compression or stretching.Floors such as rubber floors, linoleum floors, PVCfloors are called resilient floors.

Such floors are used in places where we want toreduce noise to the minimum level as in libraries,computer rooms, office rooms, etc. and alsowhere we want electrically-insulated floors.


Linoleum (IS 653-1962)In modern buildings, the use of

vinyl has replaced linoleum,but on occasion, linoleumfloors can still be found inolder facilities.

Linoleum was composed ofoxidized linseed oil, resins,embedded cork, and woodflour with pigments pressedon a backing.

It is available in rolls of width about 1.80 meters or 3.60 meters. The thicknessvaries from 2mm to 6mm. Linoleum flooring is also available in form of tiles.Linoleum flooring should be laid over an effective damp-proof area.


Its properties included in a remarkabledegree of resiliency. Next to cork andrubber, and of course, paddedcarpeting, linoleum is considered tohave the greatest degree of resiliency.

Linoleum was quite durable, was resistantto oil and grease, and do not shrink.

The negative aspects of linoleum was thatit is highly susceptible to water. Thelinoleum would absorb water andwould then soften, causing it to lose itsabrasion resistance and become moresusceptible to indentation. Even highhumidity would have a negative effectupon this material.

Linoleum floor


Rubber Floors

All modern rubber floors are madefrom synthetic rubber, such asstyrene butadiene rubber (SBR).Rubber tiles are cured orvulcanized by the application ofheat. Rubber floors arenonporous, waterproof surfaces.One major advantage is that theyare quite resilient and will remainresilient over a considerabletemperature range.


Rubber flooring is susceptible toalkalines, oils, grease,solvents, ultraviolet light, andozone in the air. Whenattacked by these components,a rubber floor will often becometacky and soft. It will thenbecome brittle and begin tocrack and powder.

Rubber Floors

Rubber tiles often have knobs n the surface or will have atread pattern to improve traction, especially if liquids arefrequently spilled on the surface.


Vinyl Floors (IS 3492-1966)There are several types of vinyl floorings and tiles.

The major varieties include vinyl compositiontiles, homogeneous or flexible vinyl tiles, and

laminated vinyl flooring.


Laminated vinyl flooring is less expensive to manufacturethan vinyl composition or homogeneous vinyl floors. Thelow initial cost may be deceiving, however, for once thetop wear layer is worn through, the floor will have to be

replaced. Some laminated floorings are only guaranteedfor three years with moderate use. The cost of laminatedvinyl flooring will vary in proportion to the thickness of the

top vinyl wear layer.

Vinyl Floors

In addition to the vinyl resins, vinyl compositiontiles contain mineral fillers such as asphalt and

pigments. Homogeneous vinyl tiles may either beflexible or solid, and it has become the preferredstandard for resilient tile flooring. It is practically

unaffected by moisture, oils, and chemicalsolvents.


Cork TileCork tile is made from the outer

bark of cork oak trees grown inSpain and Portugal. The cork isground into large granules,mixed with synthetic resins, andpressed into sheets, which arethen cut into tiles. Contemporarycork tiles for floors usually havea top layer of clear vinyl appliedto them. This vinyl layer protectsthe cork from staining and wear.


Cork tiles traditionally have had limited application in industrialor institutional settings. One reason is that cork issusceptible to staining because it is one of the most porousof all floor coverings. Another limitation is that it is notdurable; it is highly susceptible to abrasion. Cinders, sand,and gravel tracked on to a cork floor will severely shortenits life span. Finally, it is expensive.

Cork Tile


Carpet is typically installed wall-to-wallto eliminate the maintenance of hardflooring surfaces around the edge ofa carpet. Rugs, on the other hand,are often used to accentuate a tile orwood floor. In areas where there isheavy foot traffic, rugs can be usedto equalize wear and help preventtracking onto other floor coverings.

Carpet Floors

Carpet offers a number of benefits over hard and resilient flooringmaterials. Carpet prevents slipping; it provides an additional source ofinsulation, it has acoustical properties that can effectively lower noiselevels; and it is the most resilient of all floor coverings, which is a majorbenefit to individuals who must remain on their feet for extendedperiods.


Wood FloorsThere is nothing quite as attractive as the warmth and richness of

wood floors. Most hardwood floors are made from oak, butother popular woods include ash, beech, birch, hickory,maple, teak, and walnut. In addition to its attractiveness,hardwood floors are extremely durable if they are properlyfinished and maintained.


Unfinished wood floors will quickly deteriorate undereven light use, as wood is an extremely porousmaterial.Unfinished woods are susceptible to dirt lodging in thegrains, splintering of the wood fibers, abrasions causedby normal foot traffic, and of course, moisture, the baneof wood floors. Too much moisture will cause a woodfloor to warp, while too little humidity will cause woodfloors to shrink and crack.To help forestall damage, most wood floors madetoday receive factory applied finish. In some instancesthe wood is heated to open the pores of the wood.Tung oil and carnuba wax are then applied to seal thewood.

Wood Floors


Since there is a degree of resiliency in even thehardest of hardwood floors, precautions shouldbe taken to protect the floor from furniture legs

that may dent the flooring. Wood floors areparticularly susceptible to metal or hard plasticrollers and to those small metal domes that are

often found on the legs of office furnitures

Wood Floors

http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/Wood Floor


Parquet

Parquet flooring is a floor composed of shortstrips or blocks of wood forming a pattern,sometimes with inlays of other woods or othermaterials

Parquet flooring is a series of wood flooringpieces that create a geometric design.

Parquet offers a variety of design options Timber used for Parquet floor is Jati & Kempas


Parquet Pattern


Parquet Floor


Installing parquet


Glass

Glass is a practical and beautiful material that is strong enoughto be used structurally, even as flooring.

Floor panels are usually manufactured from two or more layersof annealed glass laminated together.

Sandblasting or screen printing to the top surface not only givesanti-slip properties but also design opportunities.


Glass flooring


Glass block flooring


Glass flooring


Glazed ceramic tileGlazed ceramic tiles are made from special ceramic clayin two operations

Biscuitsthe body of tile is made and

fired at 1200 To 1300 c

GlazedBiscuits are then coated withglazed , decorations etc. andagain fired in oven to opaqueglazing

Morbi, the most promising ceramic tiles manufacturing hub of India, is acity located in Saurashtra region of Gujarat.Major brands are :

Kajaria Johnson SomanyNitco Asian Bell Ceramics

Varmora


Vitrified tileWhen Special Clay is mixed with quartz and feldspar and burned tovery high temperatures . These extra ingredients melt, creating a glasselement inside the tile. This glass component makes the vitrified files veryhard and resistant to any type of absorption.This word Vitrified Tiles is simply a type tile with very low water absorption.And this property makes vitrified tiles acid/alkali/chemical resistant, impairs agreater strength & makes it stain resistant.

In fact vitrified tiles again falls into several sub categories as below1. Soluble salt:2. Full body vitrified tiles:3. Nano polished Vitrified tiles:4. Glazed Vitrified tiles (GVT):

Soluble salt: Vitrified tiles that are printed withscreen printing technology and then polishedare called soluble salt. The design of solublesalt tiles is subject to fade away after wear &tear of few years.


Vitrified tile

Full body vitrified tiles: This type ofvitrified tiles has color all the waythroughout the body (thickness) of the tile.Because of this scratches are lessnoticeable in this type of tiles. Full bodyvitrified tiles are formed with the paintmixture pre-added while making the body.

Nano polished Vitrified tiles: If we applya layer of liquid silica on vitrified tiles then itfills the micro (nano) pores on the tilessurface and makes it smoother in feel. Thistype of tiles is called nano polished vitrifiedtiles.


Vitrified tile

Glazed Vitrified tiles (GVT): Somecompanies in Morbi (like Italica)manufacturers vitrified tiles with glazedsurface; it is called Glazed VitrifiedTiles (GVT). Main advantage with GVTis it offers option of making any type ofdesign/art work that is only possible inthis type of vitrified tiles. Many type oftextures (like wooden, bamboo, slate orstone) are possible in GVT.


Vitrified tile

BREAKINGSTRENGTH

WATERABSORPTION

ABRASIONRESISTENCE

CHEMICALRESISTENCE

BASICCHARACTERISTICS


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Floor Finish