Flood Warning Systems for Dams...Flood Warning Systems for Dams 2016 Alert Users Group 26 th Flood...
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Flood Warning Systems for Dams 2016 Alert Users Group 26 th Flood Warning Systems Training Symposium & Preparedness Workshops Lee Mauney, PE Bureau of Indian Affairs Photo: Stearns, USGS
Flood Warning Systems for Dams...Flood Warning Systems for Dams 2016 Alert Users Group 26 th Flood Warning Systems Training Symposium & Preparedness Workshops Lee Mauney, PE Bureau
2016 Alert Users Group 26th Flood Warning Systems Training Symposium & Preparedness Workshops
Lee Mauney, PE Bureau of Indian Affairs
Photo: Stearns, USGS
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Unique system as compared to others here Dams Entire US Mostly no ALERT - Despite these differences, we all strive to accomplish the same goals - Program Approach: Not just equipment, or data, more about notifying the right people at the right time.
Photo: Colorado History Museum
Denver, 1850s
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- Floods have always happened and will continue 1850s in Denver Dam Safety Officials can learn from history Case Histories and Consequence Estimating Methodologies
Warning Time
Fatalities very low > = 90 Min
Warning Message
Detailed Information
Precise Details
Good Understanding of the Flood Severity
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Chances of Life Loss from Dam Failure can be drastically reduced by Warning Harnessing technology to reduce risk Focus emergency response – utilize resources
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Errant Public Message – September 2013 CO Floods Dispels rumors about dam breaches (ref CO flood-spillways hadn’t operated, ppl though the dam was breaking) Ironically when this was happening I was in Providence RI at a dam safety conference
St. Francis Dam
Variable Result Time of day Dam failure occurred just after midnight Failure scenario Sudden failure PAR 3,000 Fatalities 420 – 600+ Warning Time No warning at Powerhouse No. 2 and the Edison
Construction Camp
Fatality Rate > 90% at Powerhouse No.2, 56% at Edison Camp
Dam Height 188 feet Reservoir Storage 38,000 acre-feet
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37 miles NW of LA Arched Concrete Gravity dam for water supply March 12, 1928 failed (2 years old) Middle of the night, people were sleeping Failed suddenly with no warning High flood severity (DV in sf/s) – only a handful of cases Dam was not rebuilt More dam faiures happen at night: Usually created by surface heating, convection is upward atmospheric motion that transports whatever is in the air along with it—especially any moisture available in the air. A thunderstorm is the result of convection. The temp of the air is at its highest around 3 pm (not noon as you may think). The warm air rises to meet the cold front and develops a storm system. Since this occurs in the afternoon, normal T'Storms arise in the afternoon. Most thunderstorms occur in the late afternoon or evening after maximum radiational warming. In the late afternoon, instability tends to be highest due to daytime heating increasing the temperature gradient between the PBL and the middle levels of the atmosphere. Weekends, Bad things happen when you least expect it Problems at night: Dam Failure is less likely to be detected Delays in issuing dam failure warnings Officials and Residents at risk may be asleep News media at reduced staffing Emergency officials not in normal offices Difficulty in obtaining visual confirmation of threat or flooding “Seeing is Believing” not achievable Darkness prevents photo sharing using smartphones or other technologies
Baldwin Hills Dam
Variable Result Time of day Daytime Failure scenario Subsidence leading to internal erosion PAR 16,500 Fatalities 5 Warning Time Almost 2 hours
Fatality Rate 0.0003
Dam Height 65.5 feet Reservoir Storage 738 acre-feet
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Embankment structure which formed a ring Situated on a hilltop and stored municipal water to LA Failed in December 1963 due to internal erosion and piping (12 years old) Failed at around 4pm on a sunny, Saturday afternoon Strong warning and evacuation was issued Medium Severity (Low, Medium, and High – based on DV)
120 Dams, 300 Sites, 2,800+ Sensors
8 BIA Regions, 14 States, and 37 Reservations
And Growing…
Overview: 2016 BIA EWS Program
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High Hazard
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Unique Challenges: Small Remote Dams Low Power Consumption Real Time Data Multiple Reservations Different Tribes Scale Redundancy Security
Data – Water Level & Rainfall
Notifications – Text, Email, and NMC
Emergency Action Plan
EWS Components
Typical EWS MoniToring SiTE
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Typical EWS Monitoring Location/Equipment IDP Satellite Comm, Campbell Sci Data Logger, Pelco Traffic Pole Mount, Vandal-Resistant Solar Panel
Commercial IDP Satellite
Telemetry
IDP Antenna
IDP Interface
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- Pay $40/month as long as no overages
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EWS Monitoring at Cutter Dam
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2 3
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Float Switch Sensors for water level verification
NMC Map of EWS Sites
Saturday 4.16.2016
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DOI EWS Monitoring Locations Mobile Friendly Dashboards Security (username and password), limited to Tribes (data can’t be shared)
Time and Event Data Reports (Lower Power and Costs)
Real-Time Data
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Data Comparison – Typical real-time USGS vs Emergency Management EWS Site (frequency of data reports)
Communications – Data Latency
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Data Comparison – Typical real-time USGS vs Emergency Management EWS Site (Latency of data reports)
NMC DECISION CRITERIA & NOTIFICATION PROCEDURES
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Decision Criteria Document
Alarm Criteria
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EWS Decision Criteria Summary
Notification Lists
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Call Down List and Contact Groups for EWS Notifications
Automated Email Notifications
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Example Email Notification
Automated Text Notifications
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Example Text Message Notification
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EAP – Import Component
Provide timely warning to populations-at-risk for hazardous downstream flows
Goal – EWS for Dam Safety
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- Program Approach - Not just equipment
Lee Mauney, P.E. BIA Safety of Dams Bureau of Indian Affairs - Division of Water and Power Dam Safety, Security, and Emergency Management Denver, Colorado [email protected]
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Look forward to meeting all of you I’ve been the program manager for all of 4 months now
