Flood Response Rapid Assessment Khartoum State · 2020. 4. 30. · Flood Response Rapid Assessment – Khartoum Sudan 2 Executive Summary This report was produced as part of the Joint

Flood Response Rapid Assessment

Khartoum State

Sudan Education Sector

August 2014

Flood Response Rapid Assessment – Khartoum Sudan

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 1

Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................. 2

Endorsement ........................................................................................................................................................... 3

Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................. 4

I Background ............................................................................................................................................................. 5

II Objective ............................................................................................................................................................... 6

III Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 6

IV Limitations............................................................................................................................................................ 7

V Key findings ........................................................................................................................................................... 7

VI Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................... 9

Flood affected areas in Khartoum map ................................................................................................................. 11


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Executive Summary

This report was produced as part of the Joint Education Rapid Needs Assessment that started on

the week of 24th August 2014 carried out by the Ministry of Education (MoE) and Education Sector

Partners in Sudan. Since July 2014, close to 257,000 people have affected due to the heavy rains

and floods across the country. In Khartoum state, the figures of affected population reached 32,358

people. The impact of natural disaster was not only on environment and livelihood activities but

also on social service infrastructure as many schools and health facilities either damaged or

completely collapsed in the flood affected states which left thousands of population particularly

children more vulnerable to all kind of risks and hazards.

To mitigate the impact of natural disaster on children and education activities, MoE and Education

Sector commonly agreed to assess the education infrastructure damage and other immediate

lifesaving needs in order to effectively implement the response to the crisis. The key focus of the

Joint Education Rapid Needs Assessment was to;

1) Gather school-level information on needs and gaps;

2) Consult with teachers, and school heads on situation in flood-affected schools;

3) Come to a shared understanding of the situation among sector partners and prepare

response based on commonly identified priorities.

By reason of timeline and capacity restraints, the assessment focused on the most affected primary

schools in six localities in Khartoum that assigned by Khartoum Ministry of Education and was

carried out using purposive sampling methodology.

Some of the findings that emerged from the assessment are that estimated 56,726 school children

in the 97 schools assessed were affected due to the floods, most of the children have returned to

school but some still do not have access. The most affected facilities are classrooms and latrines,

substantially low number of teachers in schools affected by floods had been trained on Education

in Emergencies (EiE) and psychosocial support; there is also need to provide teaching and learning

supplies in schools who lost education supplies because of collapse of classrooms.


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Acronyms

CERF - Central Emergency Response fund

CHF - Common Humanitarian Fund

DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction

EFA - Education for All

EiE - Education in Emergencies

FMoE - Federal Ministry of Education

HAC - Humanitarian Aid Commission

INGO - International Non-Governmental Organization

MoE - Ministry of Education

NGO - Non-Governmental Organization

NNGO - National Non-Governmental Organization

PTA - Parent- Teacher Association

SRCS - Sudanese Red Crescent Society


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I BACKGROUND

Country context

According to the Sudanese Red Crescent Society (SRCS) close to 257,000 were affected by heavy

rains and flooding in Sudan since July 2014, Over 43,000 houses were destroyed in 13 states across

Sudan, In Khartoum 32,358 people were affected, with Blue Nile, North Darfur, River Nile and

South Kordofan also having a large number of affected population.

To date, joint needs assessments have been conducted in Kassala, South Kordofan and White Nile

states to assess the damage and immediate support needed for the people affected by flooding.

Most of these people require food and Shelter as well as healthcare and WASH services. According

to HAC, assistance is being provided to people affected by floods in some of the affected states.

In Khartoum State, 1,703 homes were destroyed in Um Badda locality and an estimated 10,000

people were affected by the floods. Humanitarian actors require access to people affected by the

floods to assess and respond to these needs and to monitor the provision of assistance. At least 14

people were reported to have been killed across Sudan.

Education Context

The Republic of Sudan has expressed its commitment to achieve the Education for All (EFA) targets

and The Millennium development Goals (MDGS), annual torrential rains and flooding have greatly

affected this progress and in most cases halted the gains the Government has achieved. However,

at the moment in most of the localities in Khartoum children have returned to school, but some still

do not have access due to the floods, mostly in Karari and Omdurman, Khartoum State MOE

reported that 71 schools were totally damaged and 251 were partially damaged.

This assessment also clearly indicates that most classrooms were damaged and latrines were

destroyed, even though they were partially functioning, in some instances they are functioning but

access is inhibited due to partial damage to classrooms and major or total damage to latrines.

Damaged/destroyed latrines are reported as the most affected component in schools resulting in

strong and negative impact on access, girls are particularly affected by this issue.


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II OBJECTIVE

In the days following the floods, the FMoE began to gather information from affected states,

prepared by locality level authorities. The information collected by FMoE indicated that more

detailed school-level assessments were required in order to have a better understanding of

damage on a case-by-case basis and how the flooding had affected children at the school level.

It was commonly agreed among Education Sector Partners and the Ministry of Education that a

Rapid Assessment tool that was used in 2013 would be adopted in order to: 1) Gather school-level

information on needs and gaps; 2) Consult with teachers, and school heads on situation in flood-

affected schools; 3) Come to a shared understanding of the situation among sector partners and

prepare response based on commonly identified priorities.

III METHODOLOGY

It was agreed between the FMoE and Education Sector partners that, due to timeline and capacity

restraints, the assessment would focus on the most affected primary schools in Khartoum. The

assessment was done by purposive sampling to the most affected schools assigned by Khartoum

MOE in six localities in Khartoum, A Two page already established and approved assessment tool

(used during the 2013 floods) was considered to be suitable for the floods assessment, which was

made available in English and Arabic.

Once finalized, the assessment teams confirmed that the tool was appropriate and easy to use.

Team coordinators and team members were responsible for compiling all of the assessments and

sharing the data in Excel format to UNICEF data collection focal points. NGO and INGO partners,

with particular emphasis on National NGOs, were keen to participate and were organized into the

groups, electing their coordinator and sharing responsibilities as the assessments and data

processing was undertaken, however only National NGOs, UNICEF and Khartoum State MOE

conducted the assessment. All team coordinators shared the collected information with the data

collection focal points and the Sector Coordinator, for compilation, cleaning, and analysis.


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IV LIMITATIONS

This assessment was conducted by the Education Sector that includes NNGO partners, the INGOs

were unable to proceed with the assessment in two localities (Karari and Sharg Alneel) pending

HAC clearance, so this was later completed by UNICEF, MoE and NGOs, it delayed the whole

assessment process. Other localities such as Jebel Aulia undertook the assessment slowly because

of the vast size of the locality and the large number of schools. There were prior assessments

conducted after the floods and the Khartoum MoE has some of the data that was used to support

this report, therefore this report is intended as a quick snapshot of education conditions in

Khartoum state after the floods.

V KEY FINDINGS

Most children have returned to school, but some still do not have access (in Sharq el Neel and Um

Baddah localities) among the assessed schools, the most affected facilities are classrooms and

latrines which are damaged and destroyed. Some of the classrooms and latrines are partially

functioning.

Table 1. Number of Damaged/ Destroyed Facilities by Locality

As shown in Table 1. Damaged/destroyed classrooms are reported as the most affected component

in schools, resulting in strong negative impact on access, girls are particularly affected. In some

closed schools, students are being accommodated in neighboring schools causing overcrowding.

In other schools, children are taking classes in open air/under trees. In order to address the limited

space and lack of latrines, some schools are taking shifts while others have shortened the school

day. In the 97 assessed schools, there are a reported 132 classrooms destroyed and 208 damaged.

*Damaged *Destroyed

Locality Classroom

Teacher

Room Latrines Classroom Teacher Room Latrines

Omdurman 29 10 12 16 6 18

Karari 13 6 3 24 7 2

Um Baddah 35 16 26 48 8 20

Jaba Awlea 32 16 6 20 2 37

Sharg Alneel 19 10 13 7 1 4

Bahri 80 23 7 17 3 46

TOTALS 208 81 67 132 27 127


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35 of the assessed schools do not have safe drinking water, there are 67 latrines that are damaged

and 12 destroyed. This has greatly impacted more on girls than boys due to lack of proper

sanitation facilities.

It is estimated that about 56,726 children in the 97 schools assessed were affected due to the floods,

with the majority in Jaba Awlea and Um Baddah as

shown in chart 1. With roughly

51 per cent of them being girls.

It is also important to note that

of the 841 teachers in the 97

schools that had been trained on

core subjects, only 39 had been

trained on EiE and 27 on

psychosocial support.

The classrooms, latrines,

teacher offices, fences, and

infrastructure within schools

need to be

reconstructed/rehabilitated

using quality materials based on

national standards or else there

will be a risk that impact of

flooding on school aged children

in the future will only be worse.

Other needs identified through

the assessment include drinking

Water, as shown in Chart 2 Jabal

Awlea locality had 40 percent of the assessed schools without sources of drinking water.

There are also considerable needs of blackboards, textbooks, stationery, tents, seats/plastic mats,

plastic sheets, teachers’ seats/tables, shelter, teachers training and psychosocial support. It is also

Chart 1: Number of Affected Children

Chart 2: No Drinking Water Exists

8669

5689

13657

14508

4007

10196

Omdurman

Karari

Um Baddah

Jaba Awlea

Sharg Alneel

Bahri

Number of affected children on the assessed Schools


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important to mention that water supply issues in affected schools as illustrated in on Table 2 are

not a direct consequence of the 2014 floods but are rather structural in nature (lack of funding for

water connection in schools). While respondents did not cite these needs as frequently as the

“priority,” they are nonetheless key school priorities and crucial elements of an effective flood

response.

Table 2: Number of Needed Teaching/Learning Materials by Locality

VI RECOMMENDATIONS

Short-term recommendations: 4-12 weeks

In view of the assessment findings, it is recommended that education partners collaborate on the

following rapid-impact initiatives:

Procure basic learning materials for students who are returning to school in September;

Scale up distribution of teacher incentives in order to encourage teacher retention;

Plan for the recruitment of additional teachers, especially female teachers;

Scale up teacher training, focusing on areas with large numbers of students, and include

essential emergency components such as risk reduction and hygiene promotion;

Build the capacity of PTAs for community mobilization and school management;

Conduct a follow-up assessment once to check on progress;

Advocate for increased funding to be dedicated to the sector emergency education

response, which is currently only underfunded.

Sanitation: There were three scenarios identified for latrines in schools; 1) Total collapse of

latrines or damaged beyond repair, In this case there’s a need to rebuild the latrines from

scratch; Partial damage of latrines will need some rehabilitation work; Functional latrines

Needed

Locality Text Books Blackboards Stationery

Omdurman 12 50 12

Karari 11 71 11

Um Baddah 2 142 0

Jabal Awlea 0 24 5

Sharg Alneel 0 27 5

Bahri

TOTALS 25 314 33


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with water drainage issues (ponding of water in the vicinity of the latrines that can in the

long term lead to total collapse) where we will need to develop drainage systems to

evacuate water away from the latrines.

Long-term recommendations: 3-6 months, and beyond

While continuing to support interventions that provide immediate relief to struggling schools, it is

also recommended that the education sector invest in the following development activities that

will help foster resilience over the long term:

Working closely with the Government, advocate for school feeding programmes or

alternatives such as food vouchers, cash, or take-home rations, focusing on newly accessible

areas Procure basic learning materials for students, replacing consumable items as

necessary;

Establish an ongoing programme for teacher incentives and use ToT (Training of Teachers)

methodologies to expand the reach and breadth of teacher training courses;

Strengthen the relationship between the education and protection clusters around issues

related to child-friendly spaces, youth engagement, and reporting and monitoring of

violations, and include DRR training components in teacher training ;

Construct additional permanent classrooms and latrines in overcrowded schools;

Build the capacity of local NGOs and institutions, dedicating an increasing share of CHF and

CERF allocations to indigenous organizations, Advocate for education to be prioritized in

CHF allocations and CERF funding.


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FLOOD AFFECTED AREAS IN KHARTOUM STATE

This map illustrates satellite-detected areas of flood affected land as detected in satellite imagery acquired by the Pleiades satellite on 19 August 2014 in Khartoum State, Sudan. The area surrounding Khartoum City and Umdurman was inundated by floods caused by heavy rains. Areas to the South of Umdurman seem to have been flooded and many other areas including Um Baba and Khartoum Bahri seem to be affected by varying levels of water and saturated soils. The flooded area over Khartoum has decreased slightly in some areas, however there also appears to be an increase in others. This increase is potentially saturated soils and not necessarily standing water. It is likely that flood waters have been systematically underestimated along highly vegetated areas along main river banks, and within built-up urban areas because of the characteristics of the satellite data used. This analysis has not yet been validated in the field. Please send ground feedback to UNITAR /UNOSAT

Documents

Flood Response Rapid Assessment Khartoum State · 2020. 4. 30. · Flood Response Rapid Assessment – Khartoum Sudan 2 Executive Summary This report was produced as part of the Joint