Forward DirectivityFling Step

(BRBF)

shemshadian@ut.ac.ir dvafaei@ ut.ac.ir mzahrai@ut.ac.ir

jvafaie@gmail.com

(Forward Directivity)

BRB

][

T

]

[

1 Buckling Resistant Bracing 2 Northridge 1994 3 Kobe Japan 1995 4 Duzce

and Izmit Turkey 5 Chi-Chi, Taiwan 1999 6 Parkfield, California 1966 7 Pacoima, San Fernando 1971 8 Bolt

UBC97

][

BRB

BRBF

AISC 2005

OpenSees

BRB

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1 Buckling Resistant Bracing Frames

2 Concentrically Braced Frames 3 Mexico 1985

BRB

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Forward DirectivityFling Step

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][Fling Step

BRBF

AISC2005Steel Tips 2004

UBC97

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SN400BNippon SteelBRB

OpenSees

OpenSees

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1 Fiber Model

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SAC

Forward Directivity

Fling Step ][

UBC97

UBC97

SAC

MW

Mech.1 R(km) Site2 PGA (g)

PGV (cm/s)

PGD (cm)

NF01

th

D

NF03

ob

D1

NF07

th

D1

NF09

ss

D

NF11

ss

D1

NF15

th

D

NF19

ss

D

BRBF

BRB

UBC97

1 Codes for mechanism: ss- strike-slip; ob- oblique; th- thrust 2 Codes for site: D- soil; D1- rock converted to soil

BRB

BRB

BRB

1. Bolt, B. A., 2004. Seismic Input Motions for Nonlinear Structural Analysis,

ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology 41, 223-232. 2. Alavi, B., 2001. Effects of Near-Fault Ground Motions on Frame Structures,

Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University. 3. Krishnan, S., 2007. Case studies of damage to 19-storey irregular steel moment-frame buildings under near-source ground motion, Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 36:861 885 4. Kalkan, E., et al., 2006. Effects of Fling Step and Forward Directivity on Seismic Response of Buildings,

Journal of Earthquake Spectra 22, 367 390. 5. Uang, C. M., Nakashima, M., 2004. Steel buckling-restrained frames [chapter 16],

CRC Press. 6. Tsai, K.C., 2004. Research and Application of Double-Core Buckling Restrained Braces, Proceedings,

7th Pacific Structural Steel Conference, Long Beach. 7. Bray, J. D., Mark, A. R., 2004. Characterization of forward-directivity ground-motions in the near-fault region,

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 24, 815-828. 8. Black, C., et al., 2002. Component Testing, Stability Analysis and Characterization of Buckling-Restrained Unbonded Braces,

Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. 9. Krawinkler, H., 2000. FEMA355C- State of the Art Report on Systems Performance of Steel Moment Frames Subject to Earthquake Ground Shaking,

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 10. AISC, 2005. Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel Construction. 11. Lopez, W. A., Sabelli, R., 2004. Seismic Design of Buckling-Restrained Braced Frames, Steel Tips. 12. Mazzoni S., et al., 2006. OpenSees Command Language Manual. http://opensees.berkeley.edu. 13. UBC, 1997. Structural Engineering Design Provisions, International Conference of Building Officials.

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