Flight Crew Procedure Development and Modification

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Bill McKenzie

Flight Crew Procedure Development and Modification

757 Procedures Manager Training, Technical & StandardsBoeing Commercial Airplane Group

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OverviewOverview

Flight Crew Procedure Development and ModificationFlight Crew Procedure Development and Modification

• Flight Deck Design Support of Procedures

• FAA/JAA Pilot Coordination

• Crew Procedures and Checklists Development and Validation

• Maintenance of Procedures and Checklists

• Additional Support to Operators

• Flight Crew Training Manual Evolution







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Flight Deck Design Support of ProceduresFlight Deck Design Support of Procedures

• Flight Deck Design Team

• Pilot design review meetings

• EICAS message audits

• Nomenclature Standardization Review Board

• Customer meetings– Formal reviews– Simulator sessions– Individual and group reviews

• Flight Deck Design Team

• Pilot design review meetings

• EICAS message audits

• Nomenclature Standardization Review Board

• Customer meetings– Formal reviews– Simulator sessions– Individual and group reviews

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FAA/JAA Pilot CoordinationFAA/JAA Pilot Coordination

• For new and variant airplanes:– Establish schedules for training initial cadres of

Boeing, FAA, JAA pilots– Develop training program “footprints”– Determine validation and training required in the

Engineering Simulator– Support lesson profile development– Determine training levels (A, B, C, D, E)

for variant airplanes

• For new and variant airplanes:– Establish schedules for training initial cadres of

Boeing, FAA, JAA pilots– Develop training program “footprints”– Determine validation and training required in the

Engineering Simulator– Support lesson profile development– Determine training levels (A, B, C, D, E)

for variant airplanes

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OverviewOverview













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Crew Procedures and Checklists Development and ValidationCrew Procedures and Checklists Development and Validation

• Establish operational philosophy

• Develop preliminary procedures

• Coordinate Engineering and pilot reviews

• Validate

• Training program “hands-on” experience

• Maintain procedures/checklists

• Customer support

• Establish operational philosophy

• Develop preliminary procedures

• Coordinate Engineering and pilot reviews

• Validate

• Training program “hands-on” experience

• Maintain procedures/checklists

• Customer support

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Key Elements of Boeing Flight Deck Design PhilosophyKey Elements of Boeing Flight Deck Design Philosophy

Flight deck design philosophy leads to the operatio nal philosophy of the procedures and checklists

• Apply automation as a tool to aid, not replace,the pilot

• Address fundamental human strengths, limitations, and individual differences—for both normal andnon-normal operations

• Use new technologies and functional capabilities only when:

– They result in clear and distinct operational or efficiency advantages, and

– There is no adverse effect on the human-machine interface

Flight deck design philosophy leads to the operatio nal philosophy of the procedures and checklists

• Apply automation as a tool to aid, not replace,the pilot

• Address fundamental human strengths, limitations, and individual differences—for both normal andnon-normal operations

• Use new technologies and functional capabilities only when:

– They result in clear and distinct operational or efficiency advantages, and

– There is no adverse effect on the human-machine interface

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Key Elements of Boeing Flight Deck Design Philosophy (Cont’d)Key Elements of Boeing Flight Deck Design Philosophy (Cont’d)

Flight deck design philosophy leads to the operational philosophy of the procedures and checklists

• The pilot is the final authority for the operation ofthe airplane

• Both crew members are ultimately responsible for the safe conduct of the flight

• Flight crew tasks, in order of priority, are: safet y, passenger comfort, and efficiency

• Design for crew operations based on pilots’ past training and operational experience

• Design systems to be error-tolerant

• The hierarchy of design alternatives is: simplicity , redundancy, and automation

Flight deck design philosophy leads to the operational philosophy of the procedures and checklists

• The pilot is the final authority for the operation ofthe airplane

• Both crew members are ultimately responsible for the safe conduct of the flight

• Flight crew tasks, in order of priority, are: safet y, passenger comfort, and efficiency

• Design for crew operations based on pilots’ past training and operational experience

• Design systems to be error-tolerant

• The hierarchy of design alternatives is: simplicity , redundancy, and automation

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Key QuestionsKey Questions

Crew Procedures Validation ProcessCrew Procedures Validation Process

• Why are the procedures validated?

• Who uses crew procedures?

• How are the procedures developed?

• How are the procedures validated?

• When are procedures validated?

• Who validates procedures and where?

• Why are the procedures validated?

• Who uses crew procedures?

• How are the procedures developed?

• How are the procedures validated?

• When are procedures validated?

• Who validates procedures and where?

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Why Are Procedures Validated?Why Are Procedures Validated?

• Procedures are validated to assure:– The procedure steps work with the

airplane systems as built– Indications to the crew consistently lead

to correct crew action– The procedures accommodate

certification requirements

• Procedures are validated to assure:– The procedure steps work with the

airplane systems as built– Indications to the crew consistently lead

to correct crew action– The procedures accommodate

certification requirements

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Who Uses Crew Procedures?Who Uses Crew Procedures?

Flight Training/Flight PublicationsFlight Training/Flight Publications

• Part 121 training program

• 7X7 Ops Manual and Flight Crew Training Manual

• Checklists

• Simulator Design

System Design Engineers and DERsSystem Design Engineers and DERs

• Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and Fault Hazard Assessment

• Detailed test procedures

• FAR 25.1585 operating procedure (Airplane Flight Manual and Summary Cert Document)

• FAR 25.1523 minimum flight crew (workload)

Certification AuthoritiesCertification Authorities

• Airplane flight test engineers and pilots

• Engineering simulator evaluation

• System design validation

Flight TestFlight Test

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How Are Procedures Developed?How Are Procedures Developed?

Engineering testing

Flight testing

Customer procedures

Flight TechnicalFlight TechnicalSystemdesign engineersand DERs

Previous Boeing airplane procedures

FARs

Boeing engineering and training pilots

Customer airlines

Boeing engineering and training pilots

Electronic checklist & EFB design compatibility

Previous Boeing airplane procedures

AirplaneFlightManual

7X7Operations

Manual

(includesprocedures

and checklists)

7X7Operations

Manual

(includesprocedures

and checklists)

Flight Deck CrewOperations GroupFlight Deck CrewOperations Group

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How Are Procedures Validated?How Are Procedures Validated?

7X7Procedures

and Checklists

7X7Procedures

and Checklists

SystemsIntegration LabSystemsIntegration Lab

EngineeringSimulators

EngineeringSimulators

Flight ControlsTest RigFlight ControlsTest Rig

Selected subset

Selected subset

All normal and non-normal procedures

(including AFM procedures) Airplane

Selected subset

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Objective: Validate all procedures prior to flight testObjective: Validate all procedures prior to flight test

When Are Procedures Validated?When Are Procedures Validated?

1992

M J J A S O N D

Paper Review

Engineering Cabs

SIL

FCTR

Airplane

1993

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1994

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A

1995

Major milestone/constraints

5/156/1

1/3 8/7

MTask

Procedures selected by pilots & regulators

2/1

MEL procedures

4/31 8/7

completed

Selected procedures

Cert demo 5/12/1 5/1

CAB 2 Procedure refinement

1000 cycle

10/11/15

Cabavil

4/17

Cert

6/1

1 stfit

2/1

PrelimOPS man

11/15

SIL avail

2/1 4/1

Drafting 3 - Engineeringapproval

2/1

1st draft procedure

10/20

CAB 1electronic and paper review

7/1

10/12 9/2

Drafting 2 - info release

7/1

Event

Activity

5/15

Del

Flight control, hyd, and otherselected procedures

1992

M J J A S O N D

Paper Review

Engineering Cabs

SIL

FCTR

Airplane

1993

J F M A M J J A S O N D

1994

J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A

1995

Major milestone/constraints

5/156/1

1/3 8/7

MTask

Procedures selected by pilots & regulators

2/1

MEL procedures

4/31 8/7

completed

Selected procedures

Cert demo 5/12/1 5/1

CAB 2 Procedure refinement

1000 cycle

10/11/15

Cabavil

4/17

Cert

6/1

1 stfit

2/1

PrelimOPS man

11/15

SIL avail

2/1 4/1

Drafting 3 - Engineeringapproval

2/1

1st draft procedure

10/20

CAB 1electronic and paper review

7/1

10/12 9/2

Drafting 2 - info release

7/1

Event

Activity

5/15

Del

Flight control, hyd, and otherselected procedures

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Training Program ExperienceTraining Program Experience

• Boeing and Regulatory Agency students give feedback to procedure developers

• Flight Training Instructors and initial customer students give feedback to procedure developers

• Procedures refined and simplified

• Boeing and Regulatory Agency students give feedback to procedure developers

• Flight Training Instructors and initial customer students give feedback to procedure developers

• Procedures refined and simplified

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OverviewOverview













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Maintenance of Procedures and ChecklistsMaintenance of Procedures and Checklists

• Main Sources of Procedure Changes– Airline/Operator Input– Boeing Engineering– Boeing Flight Test– Engine Manufacturers– Flight Training– Incidents or Accidents– Commonality Reviews

• Main Sources of Procedure Changes– Airline/Operator Input– Boeing Engineering– Boeing Flight Test– Engine Manufacturers– Flight Training– Incidents or Accidents– Commonality Reviews

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• Changes via the “Procedure Change Process” (CS-3)

• Procedures Manager normally Initiates

• Technical Review Board– Engineering– Publications Group– Flight Test Pilots– Training Department

• Flight Operations Review Board (FORB)– Management Approval

• Changes via the “Procedure Change Process” (CS-3)

• Procedures Manager normally Initiates

• Technical Review Board– Engineering– Publications Group– Flight Test Pilots– Training Department

• Flight Operations Review Board (FORB)– Management Approval

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Results of procedure changes:

• New or modified procedure incorporated in next scheduled Operations Manual Revision

• “If the FORB determines an unacceptable delay would be imposed by waiting for the scheduled revision period, an Operations Manual Bulletin will be considered.”

Results of procedure changes:

• New or modified procedure incorporated in next scheduled Operations Manual Revision

• “If the FORB determines an unacceptable delay would be imposed by waiting for the scheduled revision period, an Operations Manual Bulletin will be considered.”

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Operations Manual BulletinOperations Manual Bulletin

• Authorized only to:– Address safety-related procedural

changes– To match the delivery of airplanes with

unique configuration features not previously covered in the Operations Manual

• Authorized only to:– Address safety-related procedural

changes– To match the delivery of airplanes with

unique configuration features not previously covered in the Operations Manual

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Operations Manual Bulletin Operations Manual Bulletin

• Requirement Normally Identified by:– Airplane Certification– Engineering Model Chief Pilot– Flight Deck– Flight Operations Engineering– Flight Technical Publications– Regulatory Agencies– Training, Technical & Standards

• Target Flow Time:– 5 to 10 Days

• Requirement Normally Identified by:– Airplane Certification– Engineering Model Chief Pilot– Flight Deck– Flight Operations Engineering– Flight Technical Publications– Regulatory Agencies– Training, Technical & Standards

• Target Flow Time:– 5 to 10 Days

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OverviewOverview













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Additional Support to OperatorsAdditional Support to Operators

• Respond to procedural questions

• Regulatory Support

• Technical reviews of customer unique procedures

• Respond to procedural questions

• Regulatory Support

• Technical reviews of customer unique procedures

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No Technical ObjectionNo Technical Objection

• An NTO is offered, upon request, to a Customer’s Procedure if:– Technically Accurate– Same in effect as the Boeing Procedure– No significant compromise to Safety

• An NTO is offered, upon request, to a Customer’s Procedure if:– Technically Accurate– Same in effect as the Boeing Procedure– No significant compromise to Safety

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OverviewOverview













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Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM) EvolutionFlight Crew Training Manual (FCTM) Evolution

• Provides amplification of Ops Manual procedures and training information

• Customer feedback resulted in “Phase of Flight” format

• Added two new Sections:ManeuversNon-Normal Operations

• Moving toward greater commonality/standardization

• Provides amplification of Ops Manual procedures and training information

• Customer feedback resulted in “Phase of Flight” format

• Added two new Sections:ManeuversNon-Normal Operations

• Moving toward greater commonality/standardization

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SummarySummary

Boeing Training, Technical & StandardsBoeing Training, Technical & Standards

• To minimize the effort required by each airline’s flight technical group, Flight Training, Technical & Standards is involved from the beginning of each program in:

– Flight deck design development

– Flight training program development

– Flight Crew procedures and checklists development and validation

– Flight Crew Training Manual development and validation

• To minimize the effort required by each airline’s flight technical group, Flight Training, Technical & Standards is involved from the beginning of each program in:

– Flight deck design development

– Flight training program development

– Flight Crew procedures and checklists development and validation

– Flight Crew Training Manual development and validation

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Questions?

Documents

Flight Crew Procedure Development and Modification