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FLIGHT CONTROL DIVISIONFLIGHT OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE

MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTERHOUSTON.TEXAS

INDEXING DATADATE OPR __H _/1-00- 70 0'.5c:..

T pm", SUBJECT- -- ---------R f- (~

This documentis prepared as a supplement to the Apollo H Missions FlightOperations Plan. It is intended to expand and further define the specificplans for supporting the Apollo 14 science and experiment activitiesduring the flight phase of the mission.

Any commentsconcerning the contents of this documentshould be directedto Gerald D. Griffith, Lunar/Earth Experiments Branch, HU3-4746.

This documentis not to be reproduced without the written approval ofthe Chief, Lunar/Earth Experiments Branch.

CONTENTS

Section Page

1 INTRODUCTION 1-11.1 PURPOSE 1-11.2 SCOPE 1-11.3 PRECEDENCE 10-1,1

1.4 APPLICABILITY 1-12 OPERATIONS PLAN OBJECTIVES 2-1

2.1 GENERAL OBJIDTIVES 2-13 FLIGHT CONTROL ELENENTS 3-1

3.1 GENERAL 3-13.2 FLIGHT ACTIVITIES ELEMENT 3-13.3 SURFACE EXPLORATION ELEMENT 3-13.4 ALSEP CONTROL ELEMENT 3-43.5 COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENT 3-43.6 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 3-4

4 FLIGHT CONTROL TEAM SUPPORT ELEMENTS 4-14.1 GENERAL 4-14.2 SPAN 4-14.3 MISSION EVALUATION TEAM 4-14.4 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 4-14.5 MAPPING SCIENCES LAB 4-2

5 MCC FACILITIES 5-15.1 GENERAL 5-15.2 SCIENCE OPERATIONS ROOM 5-15.3 SATELLITE CONTROL ROOM 5-15.4 DATA ROOM 5-1

Section Page

1 INTROOUCTION 1-11.1 PURPOSE 1-11.2 SCOPE 1-11•.3 PRECEDENCE 1-11.4 APPLICABILITY 1-1

2 OPERATIONS PLAN OBJECTIVES 2-12.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES 2-1

.3 FLIGHT CONTROL ELEMENTS .3-1.3.1 GENERAL .3-1.3.2 FLIGHT ACTIVITIES ELEMENT .3-1.3•.3 SURFACE EXPLORATI ON ELEMENT .3-1.3.4 ALSEP CONTROL ELEMENT .3-/".3.5 COMMUNICATIONS ELEMENT .3-4.3.6 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS .3-4.3.7 REPLANNING OF SCIENCE ACTIVITIES .3-4

4 FLIGHT CONTROL TEAM SUPPORI' ELEMENTS 4-14.1 GENERAL L~-1

4.2 SPAN 4,'M14•.3 MISSION EVALUATION TEAM 4-14.4 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS 4-14.5 MAPPING SCIENCES L.AB 4-2

5 MeC FACILITIES 5-1501 GENERAL 5-15.2 SCIENCE OPERATIONS ROOM 5-15•.3 SATELLITE CONTROL ROOM 5-15.4 DATA ROOM 5-1

The purpose of this document is to describe the manner in which the FlightOperations Directorate (FOD) plans to execute the mission control functionsfor the experiments and integrally related operational objectives assignedto Apollo 14 in the Apollo 14 Mission Requirements Document. These activi-ties are of paramount importance to a diverse group of scientists and sup-port personnel. Consequently, it is important to prepare and publish anadditional level of detail over the previously published Apollo H MissionsFlight Operations Plan.

This document is addressed to the mission control plans for supporting theApollo 14 scientific objectives. It principally identifies the functions,organization and interfaces of the flight control elements supportingthese objectives.

This document is intended as the detailed plan for the execution of mis-sion control activities in support of scientific objectives. Because ofthe timeframe late in the mission development cycle in which it is pre-pared, it will be considered the primary authoritative document goverr..ingflight control functions, organization, and interface applicable to th'scientific and integrally related operational objectives.

This document applies to all members of flight control team elementsdirectly supporting the specific referenced objectives and to theirexternal interfacing elements.

The principal goal of the flight control team in supporting the specificscientific objectives assigned to Apollo 14 is to maximize the value ofthe data acquired consistent with operational policy regarding crew riskexposure. Towards achievement of this goal, pre-mission emphasis isplaced on an in-depth understanding of the individual detailed objectives,detailed mission planning to effectively integrate the tasks required toaccomplish these objectives into the mission activities, and operationsdrills to analyze the plan and practice execution. During the missionphase, the operations approach will be to attempt to nullify the effectsof events perturbing the mission plan and recover to the nominal missionplan execution conditions. Foreseeable conditions for which intentionaldepartures from the nominal mission plan will be allowed will be addressedin the Flight Mission Rules.

Although the basic approach for perturbations is to recover to the nominal,it is recognized that some events and contingencies may render thisapproach impractical. For such cases which are identifiable pre-mission,alternate plans will be prepared.

Even when operating under these guidelines, there exists a possibilitythat unforeseeable events will occur which necessitate significant mis-sion plan changes during the conduct of the mission. If these eventsoccur, it is of paramount importance that all distractions and confusionfactors be maintained at the lowest practical level. It is also importantthat the flight control team be allowed to concentrate on the activit1.esat hand. Towards this end, the SPAN is designated as the focal point tocontrol and filter the external inputs to the flight control team and toreceive and insure proper action on requests from the flight control teamfor specific support.

This operations concept of objective awareness, detailed planning, compre-hensive training and provision of organized specialized support groups willprovide an effective mission control function for nominal or contingencymission execution as well as ma:xi.mizethe capability to IOOve into alternatemodes of operation when quick-look data review indicates unusual oppor-tunities exist to maximize scientific objectives.

SECTION3

F1,IGHTCONTROLELEMENTS

The personnel directly involved in the real-time science operations con-trol activities will be working in several elements of the night controlteam. These elements will be directly responsible to the Flight Directorwhohas the primary responsibility for all flight activities. All membersof the flight control team will be subject to flight controller certifica-tion policies and criteria established by the Flight Control Division.Minimumrequirements will include participation in at least one simulationof the applicable mission phase in the Mission Control Center.

The Flight Activities Element will be led by the Flight Activities Officer(FAa). In addition to the other mission support functions this elementprovides, it will also be responsible for:

• Contingency proceduresjrecommerrlations for hand-held, cabin-mountedcameras.

The Surface Exploration Element will be led by the Experiments Officer(EO)• The primary responsibilities assigned to this element are:

• Recommendationsfor action for contingencies occurring duringEVAsexcept for ALSEPand life support systems related contingencies.

The composition and structure of this element am its major interfacesare depicted in figure 3-2.

SATELLITECONTROL RO(J.1

FLIGHT DIRECTOR'SSTAFF SUPPORT

ROOMSTAFF SUPPORT ST AFF SUPPORT

fIIIII

..•._.... I

--_ Ii-

- - MAPPINGSCIENCESLAB

FLIGHTDIRECTOR

SCIENCEOPERATIONS ROOM

S&AD REF +STAFF SUPPORT,

FLIGlITDIRECTOR

ExperimentsOfficer'~; FCD Rep.

S & AD ASPOMgm't Mgm'tRep. Rep.

SurfaceOpn's Engr.

o Lf;lE ( 3)o Soil MechoLPM

SCR Data Room B226 B45\\ 'Mapping

PLOTS LGE PI L_ SciencesHardware

Support Lab Specialists

Figure 3-2. - SURFACE EXPLORATION ELEMENT AND INT~RFACES

(REAL TIME OPERATIONS)

3.4 ALSEPCONTROLELEMENT

The ALSEPControl Element will be led by the ALSEPSenior Engineer (ASE).The responsibilities assigned to this element are:

o Coordination of ALSEPdeployment and activation activities.

o Contingency procedures/recommendations for crew activitiesassociated with the ALSEP.

o Optimization of the scientific data returned by the ALSEPduringits useiUl life.

During the night phase of the mission this element will be directlyresponftiLb1eto the Flight Director. Following flight termination it willbe directly responsible to the Chief, Experiments Systems Branch, forsupport of ALSEP

The composition and structure of this element and its major interfacesare depicted in figure 3-3.

The ComnnmicationsElement of the flight control team is led by theInstrumentation and ConmnmicationsOfficer (INCa) and has responsibilityfor the two mission objectives which are within the communications field.These two objectives are:

The addition of the responsibilities for supporting these objectives overthe normal duties of this element will require minimal added effort.

While the personnel from the operations directorates are prepared toexecute mission control activities necessary to acquire the scientificinformation for the defined mission objectives, it is recognized thatspecific expertise is desirable to insure optimization of the value ofthis scientific information. To achieve this goal, Principal Investigatorsand/or their representatives for selected experiments are consideredmembersof the specific flight control team elements. The basic selectionconsiderations are:

FLIGHTDIRECTOR

SOR(available to PI's

, after TEl)

HardwareSpecialist

ALSEPSystems

PI's-ASE-PSE-CPLEE-SIDE CCIG

• Complexity of scientific objective.

• Tangibility of objectives and data.

The Principal Investigators s:ril/or representatives for the followingexperiments have been identified as membersof the flight control team:

• Lunar Field Geology (descent through EVA-2)

• Lunar Portable Magnetometer (EVA-2)

• Soil Mechanics (EVA-1and EVA-2)

• Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE)

• Active Seismic Experiment (ASE)

• Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE)

• Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE)

• Co1d-Cathode GaugeExperiment (CCGE)

The Principal Investigators identified above are assigned to specificelements of the flight control team as indicated in figures 3-2 s:ril 3-3.Principal Investigators for other experiments should be accessible on aconsultant basis to the flight control elements. The specifics of thispoint are addressed in the following section.

Specific badging arrangements will be defined to provide controlledaccess for the PIs s:rillor representatives to the flight control area~when they are required.

The generalized flow of activities and responsibilities for adjusting themission plan to incorporate science objectives tradeoffs or to take advan-tage of opportunities to increase the scientific return is depicted infigure 3-4. The S&.ADRepresentative incorporated by dashed lines isincluded as an exception to the typical flow because of the need for afast review-approval-imp1ementation chain for the surface explorationactivities. Normal time responsiveness of the SPANchain is expected tobe approximately one-half hour s:ril will be used for changes out-of-scopeof the Mission Rules am. Mission Requirements Documentnot related tosurface exploration science activities.

FCD REP.Coordination

Review, Mission Pre-cedence Determinationand Approval

MISSIONEVALUATION

TEAMInitiate ChangeRecommendationsRelated to Hard-ware and Non-Science Objectives

Approval &Direotionfor Implementation

FC ELEMENrLEADER

Impaot, Integrationand Implementation

Recommendation

Review, Science Pre-cedence Determinationand Approval

Initiate ChangeRecommendationsRelated to ScienceObjectives

Figure 3-4. Change Flow Chart3-7

--- --II

Review, Science Pre-oedence Determinationand Approval

//

//

/

SECTION4

FLIGHTCONTROLTEAMSUPPORTELEMENTS

Certain non-time-cri tical functions will be supporterl by external elementsin support of the night control team. These support elements serve pri-mary goals of securing managementconcurrence on major departures fromthe mission plan, providing an in-depth analysis capability of systemsanomalies, and provide a program managementinterface to the night con-trol team for resolution of mission priorities and objective tradeoffsrequired during the mission.

The SPANelelIlent will be the primary focal point for coordination ofexternal inputs amongaffected organizations before forwarding to theflight control team. The SPANelement is being rodified for Apollo 14to include a Science and Applications Directorate managementrepresenta-tive. This will enable the SPANto be the single authoritative flightcontrol team interface for programmatic decisions affecting scienceobjectives. It will also provide a formalized focal point for scientistsnot directly involved in the real-time operations to provide scientificinputs for consideration during the flight phase.

The Mission Evaluation Team(MEr) element will include hardware designspecialists with in-depth familiarity with hardware design, test history,etc. This element will assist in the in-depth analysis and performanceassessment on a near-real-time basis and for contingencies whenresponsetime lags are acceptable. The specific hardware support and level ofsupport will be coordinaterl with the Test Division of ASPOthrough theASPOTeamLeader in the SPANroom.

Certain Principal Investigators not of necessity involved in the directreal-time operations will be available for near-real-time consultationregarding experiment optimization and evaluation of scientific dataacquirerl. The details as to the specific experimenters and their loca-tion will be coordinaterl with the Lunar Missions Office of S&AD.

The MappingSciences Lab personnel will include membersof the phototeam as well as photo and mappingspecialists. Theywill provide supporton a near-rea1-time basis for bootstrap and orbital science photography.They will also assist the Surface Exploration Element of the flightcontrol team in landing point determination.

SECTION5MeCFACILITIES

The MOCfacilities dedicatai primarily to the support of the Apollo 14science objectives are room314A, the Science Operations Room(SOR), androom 31413,the Satellite Control Room(SCR). The other mission controlfunctions associated with scientific objectives are integrally conductedin the MOCR/SSRareas. Room210A, the MOCData Roomwill be availablefor limited use as a holding area and scie~ce support team working areaduring the EVAand EVA-preparation periods.

The Science Operations Roomwill be under the operational control of theExperiments Officer. It will be the principal operating area for theSurface Exploration Element of the flight control team. The ExperimentsOfficer will be responsible for maintaining an effective operatingenvironment within the SORe The layout of the SORand general operatingposi tion assignments are depictai in figure 5-1. Following LMrendezvous,this roomwill be used as an extension of the SCRto provide more spacefor review of ALSEPdata.

The Satellite Control Roomwill be under the operational control of theALSEPSenior Engineer. It is the operating area for the ALSEPcontrolteam. The layout of the SCRfacility and operating positions are depj.r..:taiin figure 5-2. The Plots position denoted in figure 5-2 is a memberofthe Surface Exploration Element and not directly involved in the ALSEPactivi ties.

As describai above, the Data Roomwill be available as a working areafor the LGESupport Teamduring the lunar surface phase. The basic layoutof the Data Roomand the general LGESupport Teamoperating positions areidentified in figure 5-3. The specific individuals supporting scientificactivities requiring access to the Data Roomduring the lunar surfacephase of the mission will be coordinatai with the Lunar Missions Officeof S&AD.

POSITIONS CJ COMMUNICATIONS1 • Mission Scientist 0 Keyset

2. S & AD Rep. 0 Jack-box CT ,1M)3. Experiments Oi'ficer o Jack-box eM only)4. Surface Opns ~ng'r5. LGE PI Team ® GOSS conf single loop

6. PI's • GOSS canf single loop7. Hdq Monitor speaker with volume control

8. S&AD Data Manager~ Vu-Graph

.9. Photo Coord10. MSC Chief Scientist

Telephone - Two line withcrossover, ring, and dial

Telephone - Hotline tobuilding 226

Projectorscreen

@®®

Console 89 Console 87

S&AD FeD

Projectorscreen

POSITIONS ':=J1. ALSEP Sr. Engineer

2. ALSEP Systems

3. ALSEPData Engineer

4. ALSEP PI's

5. Plots

o Keyset

o Jack-box (T 1M)

o Jack-box eM only)

® GOSS conf single loop

Telephone - Two line withcrossover, ring, and dial

Console 88 ®\D

Drums'D

SCR SCR SCR SCR @

0~ 3148

~. ITJ CD p-

m & tube

8 @]

ru @\:D

Opaque.3

12821-21TV CD

©

1. Parallel to right hand monitor of console 882. Parallel to channel 713. Parallel to right hand monitor of console 894. Parallel to channel 725. Parallel to the general purpose time display6. Para:!lei to the right hand monitor of console 87

® GOSS conf

& Telephone

[K) Keyset

®. PAO Audio

® PAO Videoo 110 VAC power outlet

(Descent and LunarStay Phases Only)'

1. LGESupport Coord.:2. LGESupport Team

3. EVl Voice Tran-scribers

~ ~ V:2 A

P ·Table Table~

Ta~l : P!Opaque :2~

TV

In [K) DKQ7 cz:,

Wall Voicetrans

0G G Q7Q7

In Tablesi·p1 G