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A new standard of high efficiency and
FlexEfficiency* 60 PortfolioFlexEfficiency* 60 Portfolio operational flexibilityPortfolioPortfolio
* Trademark of General Electric Company
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
All Ri ht R d N t f thi d t b• All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system nor translated into any human or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of General Electric Company.written permission of General Electric Company.
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Overview• Industry Dynamics
• FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolioy
• Combustion
• Emission TopicsEmission Topics
A new standard of high efficiency and
FlexEfficiency 60 PortfolioFlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio operational flexibilityPortfolioPortfolio
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Industry Dynamicsy y
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Changing world dynamics …Fuel price volatility
Resource scarcity/remote recovery effortsReducing CO2 emissions
Energy efficiencies Energy policiesTechnology advancements
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
7F Gas TurbinesSlide 5
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
7F 7-Series Customer PresentationSlide 5
Customer requirementsd hIndustry changes
• Bigger role for natural gas generation• Evolving emission requirements
• Developing industry structures for variable power
• Deployment of renewables
Volatility of grid capacity• Regional diversity
Typical Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) operating profileyp y ( ) p g pSteady state Automatic
GenerationControl (AGC)
Load
Spinning reserveoff-peak
turndown
Baseline
Start reliability TurndownRamp rate Part load efficiencyStart reliability TurndownRamp rate Part load efficiency
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 6 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolioy
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
FlexEfficiency 60 Portfolio of products
7F 5-SeriesGas Turbine
2x
7F 7-SeriesGas Turbine
D-17 Steam 1x
Turbine
H263
H26 Generator 3x Mark* VIeMark* VIe
Integrated Control Integrated Control System (ICS)System (ICS)
d f d dFlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation
Slide 8 2/28/2013© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Wide range of products to meet customers needs* Trademark of General Electric Company
Plant capabilities • High efficiency: >61% for reduced fuel burn and lower CO2
• Right sized plant: 750 MW for Independent Power P d (IPP) d di tilitiProducers (IPP) and medium utilities
• Rapid start up: Full load <30 minutes to capture additional revenue
• Fast ramping: >100 MW/minute ramp rate within emission guarantees
i l d• Larger operating range: Plant turndown to 14% baseload
• Low stack emissions: 2 ppm NOx and CO with pp xSelective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and CO catalyst
d d i ffi i d fl ibiliFlexEfficiency 60 Customer Presentation
Slide 9 2/28/2013
A new standard in efficiency and flexibility
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Plant start-up capabilityBenefits with Rapid Response• Full load <30 minutes1 FlexEfficiency 60 Plant 2x1
• Sync to grid <6 minutes
• Reduced start-up emissions and fuel consumption 70
8090
100
red
load
)
GT Rapid Response
p
• More capacity available for peak electricity demands
• Ancillary service opportunities 3040506070
(% o
f unf
ir
• Ancillary service opportunities
• Automated for predictability
1For hot starts with simultaneous start of b h b
0102030
0 15 30 45 60 75Plan
t Loa
d Conventional
l ff l /
both gas turbines.0 15 30 45 60 75
Time (minutes) from Start Initiation
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 10 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
FlexEfficiency 60 Plant … 1/2 a gigawatt in 10 minutes
Ramp rates … within emissions compliance
Automated Generation Control (AGC)• 5 minute market
l• Range x Ramp = Value• Requires emissions compliance• Capture price spikes
Enhanced Emissions Compliant Ramping
GT NOx
7F 5-series capability• <9ppm NOx/CO emissions SC
2 NO /CO i i CC Out
put
(MW
)
GT Output
GT NOx
• <2ppm NOx/CO emissions CC• Gas turbine turndown …
<36% baseloadG T bi F t R
Gas
turb
ine
O
NO
x
k• Gas Turbine Fast Ramp … >40 MW/min continuous ramp per gas turbine
Time
Stack NOx
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
7F Gas TurbinesSlide 11
* Trademark of General Electric Company
Economic and environmental benefitsEmissions• 62% less CO2 emissions/MWh than average U.S.
l l t2coal plant2
Environmental impactAssumingAssuming …• FlexEfficiency 60 Plant operating 5,800 hours/year
Impacts …CO d ti f 56 000 t / i l t
*
• CO2 reduction of 56,000 tons/year … equivalent to annual emissions of more than 11,000 cars2
• Natural gas fuel savings of 950 million cubic f t/ i l t t l tifeet/year … equivalent to annual consumption of 13,000 U.S. households2
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 12 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
2Based on Dec-11 EPA Data* Trademark of General Electric Company
Plant footprint and access
• Access road between units … enhanced constructability, yOperations & Maintenance (O&M) and Environmental Health & Safety (EHS) ft
• Construction crane access for major components
535
• Eliminated fuel gas compressor space … lower natural gas pressure requirement 200 ft
bl l
535 ft
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 13 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Maintainable, compact plant arrangement
Improved 7F 5-series gas turbineRight sized reliable for lifecycle cost advantageRight-sized, reliable for lifecycle cost advantageFlexibility• Highest flexibility in classg y
• Fast start capability
• Wide operating range
• Fast ramping
Configuration MW Output EfficiencySC 216 >38.7%
2xCC/3xCC 655/980 >59%• Fast ramping
Reliability• Long life parts
2xCC/3xCC 655/980 >59%
GT turndown 36% GT baseload
GT ramp rate 40 MW/minute per GT• Long life parts
• Proven componentsFuel flexibility +/- 5% MWI
Fast start capability 11 minutes to baseload
NOx ppmvd @ 15% O2 9/2 with SCRpp 2
CO ppmvd 9/2 with catalyst
Coupling 7F gas turbine heritage with advanced f l
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 14 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
compressor for greater customer valueComparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated.
Introducing the 7F 7-series gas turbineEfficient flexible and reliableEfficient, flexible and reliablePerformance• A new level of air-cooled turbine
Configuration MW Output EfficiencySC 250 >40%
2xCC/3xCC 750/1125 >61%
efficiency >61%
• Lower specific CO2 emissions
FlexibilityGT turndown 20% GT baseload
GT ramp rate 50 MW/minute per GT
Fuel flexibility +/ 15% MWI
Flexibility• Highest flexibility in class
• Faster startup, ramping and wider i Fuel flexibility +/- 15% MWI
Fast start capability 10 minutes to baseload
NOx ppmvd @ 15% O2 20/2 with SCR
operating range
Reliability• Extensive experience with materials
Delivers improved performance and flexibilityi h i d hi h li bili / il bili
CO ppmvd 9/2 with catalyst• Extensive experience with materials
• World-class validation process
FlexEfficiency 60 Customer PresentationSlide 15 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Comparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated.
with continued high reliability/availability
Combustion
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Combustion fundamentals
Operational BoundariesNOx
Combustor
DynamicsClean Fuel Conversion
Combustor Operability
COStable
Combustion
Turndown
M lti l b d i i b t t l th d l
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 17 10/11/2012
Multiple boundaries require robust control methodology
Schedule vs. model-based controlControl system improvements enable more flexible control … replace legacy architecture with modern aircraft-engine design … standard new unit platform
Boundary
Model-based control
Schedule based control Model based control
Boundary
Schedule-based control
Fixed schedules from off-line, static models• Simplified boundary models at one design point • Conservative assumptions … large margins to
Turbine model running on-line, in real-time• State-of-the-art physics models for each boundary• Control directly to individual boundaries … “loop in
Schedule-based control Model-based control
Conservative assumptions … large margins to accommodate worst case conditions
Inflexible• Large margins … loss of entitlement• Inability to handle variation … ambient
Control directly to individual boundaries … loop in control” approach … reduce unnecessary margin
Flexible• Unit-specific performance/operability entitlement • Robust capability to handle variation
conditions, fuel, frequency, degradation, etc.
>300,000 hours on 60+ units
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 18 10/11/2012
,Fleet leader at >30,000 hours
OpFlex Balance: AutoTune
Add t dj t bl NO
BenefitsBefore
Out
put• Adds customer-adjustable NOx … cope
with emissions-reporting equipment variation
E bl ti li bl
Ambient temperature
• Enables continuous, reliable gas turbine operation
• Reduces combustion retuning due to f l i ti Afterfuel variations
• Reduces combustion dynamics and non-compliance events, provides
d d L bl t (LBO)
After
expanded Lean-blow-out (LBO) protection
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
OpFlexSlide 19
DLN 1/1+/
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
DLN1/1+ emissions reduction evolution42 PPM
W-y
ear
15 PPM
Water InjectedWater Injected DLN1+ 5ppm introduced in 2005
tons
) / M
W
DLN1DLN15 PPM
DLN fleet experience
DLN1+ 3.5ppm introduced in 2008
NO
x(t
DLN1+DLN1+
Frame DLN1 DLN1+
6B 220+ 3
7C-EA 420+ 18
DLN fleet experience3.5 PPM
‘90 ‘95 ‘06‘00
7C EA 420+ 18
9E 195+ soon
‘09
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 21 10/11/2012
Over 30 Million DLN-Fired Hours
DLN1+ system configuration
DLN1
Optimi ed fuel
DLN1+ Transition pieces with stagedilution optimization
Optimized fuel air mixing Optimized
venturi
Class C TBC
Accessories:Redesigned secondary fuel nozzle
Closed Loop Emissions Continuous Dynamics
Robust fuel Sealing
Can Level Primary Fuel New fuel gas skid
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 22 10/11/2012
Closed Loop Emissions Control (CLEC) or CEMS
Continuous Dynamics Monitoring (CDM)
Can Level Primary Fuel Tuning Valves
New fuel gas skid
DLN 2.0/2.6/2.6+/ /
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Dry Low NOx 2.x combustion historyDLN 2.0 • 137 units, 10 million hours (7F)
25 ppm NOx• 25 ppm NOx• Turndown to 50% gas turbine load
DLN 2.6 • 750 units, 15 million hours (7F)• 9 ppm NOx
d bi l d• Turndown to <36% gas turbine load
DLN 2.6+• Developed for 9F 3-series in 2005• >64 units, >810k hours (9FB)• 9-25 ppm NOx
T d t 35% t bi l d
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 24 10/11/2012
• Turndown to 35% gas turbine load
DLN 2.6+AFS (Axial Fuel Staged) combustorDLN 2 6+ technologyDLN 2.6+ technology
Advanced premixing1 p g• Low NOx at high Tfire• Fuel Flex – LNG and MWI
Advantages Axial fuel staging2Advantages• Faster Installation• Improved cooling
Axial fuel staging• Low NOx at high Tfire• Improved turndown
2
p g• Lower turndown
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 25 10/11/2012
Comparative statements refer to GE technology unless otherwise stated.
SCR OpFlex * NH3 ControllerSCR NH3 t l ifi ti fi ld t t GE 7FASCR NH3 control verification field test, GE 7FA
Model Based Control (MBC) technology includes catalyst characterization
id h loutside the normal operating envelope
Factors not previously Factors not previouslyincluded in SCR control such as adsorption are active features
Dual mode operation, NOx or NH3 slip setpoint, adapts to changing p g gconditions during startup
MBC + fast & accurate combined measurement + dual mode setpoint
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary information. All rights reserved.
26
p
* Trademark General Electric Company
Emission Topicsp
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Start-Up and Shutdown EmissionsGas Turbine Start up Emissions
Gas Turbine NOx Emissions Across Load
Gas Turbine Start-up Emissions
• Emissions rapidly change through start combustion modes
d d
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Gas Turbine Load
• Operation and temperature dynamics
• Inherent variability and uncertainty
• Challenging to predict and measure
Rapid Response With Purge Credit
Rapid ResponseLite
LOAD
Benefits with Rapid Response
• Full load <30 minutes (hot start)
• Sync to grid <6 minutes
Early Emissions
• Sync to grid <6 minutes
• Reduced start-up emissions and fuel consumption
• More capacity available for peak
Purge
CreditConventional
Early EmissionsCompliance
• More capacity available for peak electricity demands
• Automated for predictable plant operation
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
LA DLN Customer PresentationSlide 28 10/11/2012
Credit
Steam Bypasses ClosedGT Roll Synch
TIMEp
Particulate Matter (PM/PM10/PM2.5)DefinitionDefinition
- Filterable and condensable
- Primary versus secondaryPrimary versus secondary
Ambient Air Standards
- PM2 5 Introduced in 1997 updated in 2006PM2.5 Introduced in 1997, updated in 2006
- Develop baseline for ambient and sources
- Few offsets available
- Test methods (revised 2010)
Turbine Emissions
- True emissions – very low
- Test uncertainty/compliance risk
FlexEfficiency 60 PermittingSlide 29 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.
Typical data spread
Permitting CO2 emissions Higher efficiency lower CO emissions
New Source Performance Standard
Higher efficiency = lower CO2 emissions
- 1000 lbs CO2/MW-hr Efficiency based standard
- 12 Month rolling average
l bl l h l lBest Available Control Technology Evaluation
- Heat rate = CO2 Emissions
All i i d di i / d i- All operating scenarios and conditions / Degradation
- Technology choice
Permits continue to inch lower how low can you go- Permits continue to inch lower – how low can you go
- Testing complications
FlexEfficiency 60 PermittingSlide 30 2/28/2013
© 2012, General Electric Company. Proprietary. All Rights Reserved.