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Five ThemesFive Themes
•How did Europe interact with the world?How did Europe interact with the world?
•What was the difference between poverty What was the difference between poverty and prosperity?and prosperity?
•What was their objective knowledge and What was their objective knowledge and their subjective vision?their subjective vision?
•What states or institutions had power?What states or institutions had power?
•How did the individual and society act?How did the individual and society act?
PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c
The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].
A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium
Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts
Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle
Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.
Barrel vaults.
Thick walls.
Darker, simplistic interiors.
Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance
Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
England England
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:
Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior
The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor
Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor
SerfsSerfs at work at work
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Exchequer dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215
King John IKing John I
Runnymeade
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament.
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons knights and burgesses.
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
Gothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural StyleGothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches.
High, narrow vaults.
Thinner walls.
Flying buttresses.
Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors.
Stained-glass windows.
“Flying” Buttresses
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Setting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on CrusadeSetting Out on Crusade
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University
Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade
Medieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval Guilds
Guild Guild HallHall
Guild Guild HallHall
Commercial Monopoly:
Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman
Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].
Controlled prices
Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop
Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild
Five ThemesFive Themes
•How did Europe interact with the world?How did Europe interact with the world?
•What was the difference between poverty What was the difference between poverty and prosperity?and prosperity?
•What was their objective knowledge and What was their objective knowledge and their subjective vision?their subjective vision?
•What states or institutions had power?What states or institutions had power?
•How did the individual and society act?How did the individual and society act?
