Five Level of Prevention

8/13/2019 Five Level of Prevention

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LEVELS OF PREVENTION

(LEAVELL & CLARK)


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THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ANY DISEASE OF MANInterrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental

factors

Production of STIMULUS

Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS

Early

pathogenesis

Discernible

earlyl esions

Advanced

disease Convalescence

LEVELS OF APPLICATION of PREVENTIVE MEASURES

HEALTH PROMOTION

Health education

Good standard

of nutrition

Provision of adequate

Housing, recreation,

and agreeable

work conditions

Marriage counseling

and sex education

Genetics

SPECIFIC PROTECTION

Use of specific

Immunizations

Attention to

personal hygiene

Use of environmental

sanitation

Protection against

occupational hazards

Protection from accidents

Use of specific nutrients

Protection from carsinogens

Avoidance of allergens

EARLY DIAGNOSIS and

PROMPT TREATMENT

Case-finding measures,

individual and mass

Screening survey

Selective examinations

Objectives :

To cure and prevent

disease processes

To prevent the spread ofcommunicable diseases

To prevent complications

and sequele

To shorten period of disability

DISABILITY LIMITATION

Adequate treatment

to arrest

the disease process

and to prevent

further complication

and sequelae

Provision of

facilities to limit

disability

and to prevent death

REHABILITATION

Provision of hospital

and community facilities

for retraining and

education for

maximum use

of remaining capacities

Education of the public

and industry to utilized

the rehabilitated

as full employment

Selective placement

Work therapy in hospitals

Use of sheltered colony

PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION

PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS


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THENATURAL HISTORY OF OMSK

Interrelations of the various

AGENT: PYOGENIC BACTERIA

HOST: HUMAN

(IMMUNOLOGIC, AGE,

NUTRITION

ENVIRONMENT:

(HYGIENE,SANIATION

Bring AGENT and

HOST together

STIMULUS or

AGENT becomes

Or Produce a

disease-provoking

STIMULUS

PREPATHOGENESISPERIOD

The course of the disease in man

CLINICAL HORIZON

P E R I O D O F P A T H O G E N E S I S

Early

pathogenesis

Discernible

early lesions

Advanced

diseaseConvalescence

STIMULUS and AGENT

BECOMES established and

increases by multiplication or

increment

Signs and

symptom :

URTI / OMA

illness

Disability

Defect

Chronic

state

DEATH

Interactions of HOST

and SIMULUS

Tissue and

physiologic

changesImmunity and

resistance

HOST REACTION

RECOVERY

in

hu

man

HOST

ss

Eustachian tube

resistance

URTI

OMSK

DEAFNESS

MASTOIDITIS


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THE NATURAL HISTORY OF OMSKInterrelation of Agent, Host, and Environmental

factors

Production of STIMULUS

Reaction of the HOST to the STIMULUS

Early

pathogenesis

URTI/OMA OMSK/MAS

TOIDITIS Convalescence

LEVELS OF APPLICATION of PREVENTIVE MEASURES

HEALTH PROMOTION

Health education

Good standard

of nutrition

Provision of adequate

Housing

Hygiene, sanitation

SPECIFIC PROTECTION

Avoid recurrent URTI

EARLY DIAGNOSIS and

PROMPT TREATMENT

Early/ adequate

treatment of URTI

Adequate Treatment of

OMA

Objectives :

To cure and prevent

disease processes

To prevent complications

and sequele

To shorten period of disability

DISABILITY LIMITATION

Adequate treatment

to arrest

the disease process

and to prevent

further complication

and sequelae

Provision of

facilities to limit

disability

and to prevent death

REHABILITATION

Provision of hospital

and community facilities

for retraining and

education for

maximum use

of remaining capacities

Education of the public

and industry to utilized

the rehabilitated

as full employment

Selective placement

Work therapy in hospitals

Use of sheltered colony

PRIMARY PREVENTION SECONDARY PREVENTION TERTIARY PREVENTION

PREPATHOGENESIS PERIOD PERIOD OF PATHOGENESIS


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Levels of prevention

(diabetic retinopathy)

Primary prevention:

Health promotion

Balance diet, exercise (healthy life)

Specific protection:

For high risk : low GI diet, exercise


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SecondaryPrevention

Early diagnosis & prompt treatment:

- DM screening

- Adequate and continuing treatment- Avoid complication:

(microvascular, macrovascular) throughmaintenance normal blood sugar

to avoid hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia

DM diet


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Tertiary prevention

- Disability limitation

Prevent from blindness caused bydiabetic retinopathy through DM control

- Rehabilitation: tosave and rehabilitatedvision as much as possible.


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Health promotion

Stroke

Heart/CV

disease

Smoking

Communityenvironment

Quit

Clinical

care

Time

Tobaccocontrol


9/10


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Documents

Five Level of Prevention