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Standardisation in Media Formats

FITT

(Fostering Interregional Exchange in ICT Technology Transfer)

Standardisation in multimedia

Standardisation is a strategic process in the technological evolution and commercialisation of ICT software and hardware. Therefore it is important that there is in a very early stage of the technology a close collaboration between the research community, the industry and policy makers to converge this process within the standardisation bodies.

Nature of reusability: Standardisation in Multimedia is exemplary for this process in other domains

Case is mostly generic

Quality/Nature of stakeholders: Research institutes, industry, policy, Standardisation bodies

Processes related to case: IP management, standardisation

Standardisation Processes in Multimedia

Peter Schelkens

Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology & Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO)

Today’s Focus

Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations

IPR issues Conclusions

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Today’s Focus

Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations

IPR Issues Conclusions

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Strategy

Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.)

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International Standardisation

International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)

http://www.iso.org/ International Electrotechnical

Commission (IEC) http://www.iec.ch/

International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

http://www.itu.int/ Europe

CEN – CENELEC – ETSI

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National Organisation (Belgium)

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Source: Marc Cumps – Agioriahttp://www.ictstandards.be/

Normalisation Timeline

Phases of the standardisation process: New Project (NP)

Can start with Technical Report (TR)

Working Draft (WD) Committee Draft (CD) Final Committee Draft (FCD) (Final) Draft International Standard ((F)DIS) International Standard (IS)

Process: NB balloting for every step Consensus-based

Duration 2.5-3 years But: fast track schemes are possible

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Research Timeline vs. Normalisation Timeline vs. Commercialisation Timeline

Succesful participation = multi-lateral strategy

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Fundamental Research Strategic Research Industrial R&D

Standardisation Process

Incubation

Product

Y0Y-1Y-2Y-3Y-5 Y-4Y-6

IP Protection

Lobbying,Call for Evidence, Technical

Reports

.............

Spin-offIP Licensing

IS Norm Maintenance

Today’s Focus

Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations

IPR Issues Conclusions

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ISO/IEC & ITU-T Standards

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MPEG-7

MPEG-21

MPEG-4AVC

MPEG-1

MPEG-2

MPEG-4

ISO/IEC

CD-ROM

DVD, Digital TV, HDTV

Multimedia: Baseline,AVC, SVC, AFX

H.261

H.263(+)

ITU-T

ISDN Videoconferencing

Desktop/mobile video telephony

Metadata

DRM, DIA, …

H.262

H.264

JPEG

JPEG2000

?

JPEG

Standardised in 1994 (Start activities in 1986) Massive market adoption started in the late 90’s.

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(Source Wikipedia dd. 2008)

MP3/AAC

MP3 = MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (1992) Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) = MPEG-2 Part 7 Audio

(1997) + updated in MPEG-4 Part 3 (1999, 2001)

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MPEG-2

Standardised in 1994 Succesfully deployed in DVD and Digital Television

markets

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JPEG 2000

Standardised in 2000 Illustration of an ecosystem standard Succesful in niche markets

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MPEG-4 AVC or H.264

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MPEG-4 Part 10 Standardised in 2008

Evolution in video coding

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H.264 /MPEG-4 AVC

Extension of AVC/H.264Scalable Video Coding (SVC)

spatial resolution

temporal resolution

4CIF

CIF

QCIF

7.5153060

bit-rates

high

low

What will be on the menu in the future?

Generic or focused? What are the technologies around? Intellectual property rights: a concern?

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Quiche or Niche?

Saturation effect is observable with respect to incremental improvements new technology is able to bring to current multimedia standards

Generic technologies tend to negate properties and requirements of niche markets

Embedding niche market requirements intrinsically overload standards with wide coverage

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What if we stay generic?

So what can our chef do? Halve the cake but keep the quality Keep the cake but double the quality Keep the quality and boost the fool tolerance of the

cooking process Improve the

presentation ofthe dish

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This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (1/2)

Focus on “Less is more”

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Internet

Residential Network

Residential Gateway

This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (2/2)

Focus on “High Quality”

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Source wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:UHDV.svg

Focus on “Fool Tolerance”

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MPEG-4 Multiview Video Coding (MVC)

Standard supporting stereo and multiview coding Based on H.264

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JPEG-XR

Proposed by Microsoft as successor of JPEG Focused on digital photography market Supports High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography

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Advanced Image Coding (AIC)

Focus on perceptual quality and new image coding technologies

Call for Proposals has been launched

Similar quality related activities in ITU-T

Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG)

Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)

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Today’s Focus

Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations

IPR Issues Conclusions

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Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack

Two streams Royalty fee free standards

JPEG, JPEG 2000 ... Licensing fee based standards

H.264, ...

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Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack

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Today’s Focus

Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations

IPR Issues Conclusions

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Conclusions

Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.)

Be involved! You have impact Standardisation bodies are an invaluable source of

information But, you have to compose the menu

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