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TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE ECUADORIAN RED CROSS
2IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
CONCEPT
QUALIFIED MEDICAL
ACCIDENT
DISEACE/CRISIS
BASIC FIRST AID
3IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossIS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?IS FIRST AID IMPORTANT ?
SAVING LIVES AVOID AGGRAVATE INJURIES
PROMOTE THEIR RECOVERY
¿…?
4IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossHUMAN BODY
Dorsal Decubitus
Prone or Supine Position
Lateral Decubitus
5IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
6IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossBODY
CAVITIESBODY
CAVITIESCAVITIES CONTENT
Cranial
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
Espinal
Cerebum, Cerebellum, medulla oblongata, Pons, meninges and cerebrospinal fluidHeart, Respiratory System (trachea, Bronchy, Longs and Great Vessels.
Gastrointestinal tract, liver, Spleen, Pancreas, Urinary, reproductive organs
Genital organs, uterus, ovaries, ureters, bladder
Medulla
7IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossEMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN CONTROL AND KEEP CALM
AREA RECOGNITION VICTIM
RECOGNITION
S E M
VICTIM 2ndRECOGNITION
8IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
IS THIS AREA SAFE
¿WHAT HAPPENED?
AREA RECOGNITION
INJURED PEOPLE
IS THERE ANY PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP
9IST CRE
BB
Ecuadorian Red CrossVICTIM RECOGNITION
CONCISENESSCONCISENESS
YES
NO
REQUEST PERMIT
PERMIT GRANTED
CCAA
10IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossTO CALL S.E.M.TO CALL S.E.M.
INSTITUTIONS QUEVEDO QUITO GYE
CRUZ ROJA 1-3-1 1-3-1 1-3-1
CENTRO EMERGENCIA 9-1-1 9-1-1
POLICIA NACIONAL 1-0-1 1-0-1 1-0-1
11IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossRECONOCIMIENTO SECUNDARIO
INTERVIEW
• VICTIM• FAMILY• PEOPLE AROUND THE AREA
A… ALLERGIES
M… MEDICAMENTS
P… PATHOLOGIES
L… LAST MEAL ( INGESTA )
E… ANTECEDENTS
VITAL SIGNS VALUES SISTEMATIC EXAM
12IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossBIOSECURTY EQUIPMENT
13IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossVITAL SIGNS
14IST CRE
RESPIRACION
ADULT: 12 – 20 R/MCHILDREN: 20 – 30 R/MNEONATE: 30 – 40 R/M
VARIATION CAUSESEXERCISEPatological diseaseStressThoracic TraumaPenetraiting wounds (Thorax)Respiratory RelaxationThermal IncrementFeeding
15IST CRE
PULSO
ADULT: 60 – 100 P/MCHILDREN: 100 – 120 P/MNEONATE: 120 – 140 P/M
PULSE VARIATIONSTRESS
physical Exercise Eating
Pathology Bleedings
PCRHypothermia
16IST CRE
TEMPERATURE36.5 – 37.5° C
NORMAL VALUE
TIPES OF THERMOMETERS
17IST CRE
BLOOD PRESSURE TA
SYSTOLIC: 140 – 100 mm Hg.DIASTOLIC: 90 – 60 mm Hg.
MERCURY INDICATOR GAUGE
AIR PUMPING DEVICE
STETHOSCOPE
ARM CUFF
18IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
• Smoke or gas saturated ambient
• Liquid Immersion
• Debris in Landslides
• Thorax Injuries
• Burns
• Electrocutions
• Poisons
• OVACE
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Shock
19IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
AA
20IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
BB
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 21IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
CC
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 22IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
DD
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 23IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES
CHILDREN AND NEONATES
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 24IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossCARDIO-RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES
OVACE
25IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
26IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
27IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
Place 2 or 3 fingers just below the nipple line on the baby's breastbone and give 5 quick chest thrusts (same position as chest compressions in CPR for a baby
28IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red Cross
CLEAR AIRWAY MANUALLY
29IST CRE
Ecuadorian Red CrossEXTERNAL AND INTERNALEXTERNAL:StabbingINCISORSABRASIVESHARP WOUNDSAVULSEDAMPUTATIONProtrude EYEVICERATIONINJURY BY FIREARMS
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 30IST CRE
Hemorrhage
FEATURESCOLOR: Clear Read
Outflow: Bubbling
FEATURESCOLOR: Dark Red
Outflow: Continuous
FEATURESLittle bleeding
bright Red Flesh Wound
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 31IST CRE
Abrasive Wounds
PUNCTATE BLEEDINGPAINFULEASILY INFECTQUICK CURE (SMALL)LONG HEALING (LARGE)ASEPCIA AND ANTISEPCIASOAP AND WATERANTISEPTIC
32IST CRE
STABBING WOUNDMAJOR BLEEDINGDeformed OF THE WOUNDEDGE IRREGULAR OBJECTSS.S.S.
TREATMENT: Proceed to stop bleeding. Shock Treatment Transport to a hospital
33IST CRE
INCISED WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S. (If there is a large bleeding)WeaknessLocal painTREATMENT:Treating ShockAsepticApproaching ButterlfySteps to stop haemorrhageTravel Health Centre.
34IST CRE
STABBING WOUNDSSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds generally circular (in the case of blowing thorax )Bleeding.S.S.S.
TREATMENTInmovilize the object (thread, dressings)Treating ShockTransfer to the nearest health center
35IST CRE
36IST CRE
AVULSIONS
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSWounds and bleedingLocal paindeformityTREATMENTTreating ShockSteps to control bleeding.Relocation Assistance Centre
37IST CRE
AMPUTATION
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSS.S.S.Despair.Disembodied limbSevere painTREATMENTTreating ShockPerform a compression bandageControl of bleedingProceedings of the limbDisembodied
38IST CRE
SHOCK
CAUSE
CIRCULATION DISORDER
Reduced irrigationBlood tissue(Deficit on percussion)
Alteration of vital signs
39IST CRE
CLASIFICACION
HYPOVOLEMICSHOCK
DISTRIBUTIVESHOCK
CARDIOGENICSHOCK
40IST CRE
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSPale skin
Cold, clammy perspirationLow temperature
Rapid pulseDevil and shallow breathing
SleepinessThirstDecay
TREATMENTTry to eliminate the cause
OF THE SHOCKCover but not heat the patient
Vital Signs MonitoringTransportation.
41IST CRE
BURNS
42IST CRE
1st Degree Burn
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMSRednessLocal HeatBurningSwellingTREATMENTSoak zoneDo not use toothpaste, butter
43IST CRE
2nd Degree BurnSIGNS AND SYMPTOMSrednessPainBullae (blisters)Signs and symptoms of ShockTREATMENTDo not punch blistersSoak the burned areaMake a bandageGentle Cleandry
44IST CRE
3rd Degree Burn
45IST CRE
WALLACE SCALE
PORCENTAGE 100%1 – 10% LOW
11 – 33% SEVERE34 – 60 VERY SERIOUS
> 60% MORTAL
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 46IST CRE
CHEMICAL BURNS
47IST CRE
HYPOTHERMIAHot, dry skin is a typical sign of hyperthermia
The skin may become red and hot as blood vessels dilate in an attempt to increase heat
dissipation, sometimes leading to swollen lips. An inability to cool the body through
perspiration causes the skin to feel dry.The dehydration associated with heat stroke can
produce nausea vomiting, headaches and low blood pressure.
Tachycardia and Tachipnea(
48IST CRE
INTOXICATION
WAYS OF TOXIC ENTRY: Oral or Digestive Respiratory Cutáneous (Skin and Mucosa)
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 49IST CRE
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Weakness
Abdominal pain
Nausea
Vomiting
Breathing Difficulty
Cyanosis
Burns in the mouth and throat
Altered consciousness.
Seizures
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR)50
IST CRE
First Aid
Identify the type of poison
General treatment
Decontamination
Treatment asymptomatic.
Specific antidote.
Activated charcoal, 50 g. in 300 cc. Water in adults. Weight 1 g / kg orally.
51IST CRE
DIGESTIVE DECONTAMINATION
Induce vomiting, administer albuminous water (1 lt. In water + 6 egg whites).
Do not induce vomiting in:
Strong acids
Strong alkalis
Petroleum
Burns in the mouth and throat
Unconsciousness
seizures
52IST CRE
RESPIRATORY AND SKIN DECONTAMINATION-Ventilate the area
-Wash the site of contact with soap and water
-Remove clothing and place in plastic bag
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 53IST CRE
SYMPTOMATIC TREATMENT
Manage airway
Clean discharge.
Treat shock
Try breathing difficulty.
Treat seizures.
DO NOT allow them to sleep
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 54IST CRE
Specific Antidote
TOXIC ANTIDOTE
Methyl Alcohol Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Alcohol TiaminWalfarin (rat poison) K Vitamin Organophosphorus AtropinSnake Bites Antivenom
PRECAUCIONES:
NO utilice agua si el toxico es fósforo blanco (diablillos)
NO utilice leche si el toxico es DDT u otro derivado clorado.
NO utilice carbón activado si el toxico es un acido fuerte, álcali fuerte o derivado del petróleo, ejem. Sosa cáustica, potasa cáustica, gasolina, etc.
Jesús Pico Cedeño (INSTRUCTOR) 56IST CRE
DEHYDRATION AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES
They are produced by the introduction through the mouth (usually food) from germs in the stool. The are the cause of diarrhea because of the lack of hygiene and clean drinking water
57IST CRE
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Irritability
Liquid and more frequent stools than usual.
Thirst
Sunken eyes
Crying without tears.
Dry lips and oral mucosa.
Vomiting.
Fold mark
Signs and symptoms of Shock
58IST CRE
59IST CRE
TREATMENT
Hydrate
Use rehydration salts
1 liter of boiled water and cold
8 teaspoons sugar
1 teaspoon salt
A pinch of baking sodaFrom 2-3 kg of weight - 1 cup (200 cc) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 4-5 kg of weight - 2 cups (400 ml) in 4 to 6 hoursFrom 6-7 kg of weight - three cups (600 cc) of 4 to 6 hours
60IST CRE
ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIESHEAT EXHAUSTION
Cold, clammy pale skin.
Profuse sweating
Headache
Dehydration
Muscle cramps
Nausea
Shock
vomiting
61IST CRE
HEAT STROKE
Hot red and dry skin
Elevated temperature (> 40 º C)
No sweat (anhidrosis
Pupils contracted
Headache
Dehydration
Muscle cramps
Disturbance of consciousness
Shock
62IST CRE
TRAUMA
Polytrauma
Coexistence of two or more injuries caused by the same accident and have at least one life-threatening condition
63IST CRE
TEC- Craneo-Encephalic TRAUMA
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Head or neck pain
Otorraquia or otorrhagia
Rinorraquía or rinorragía
Cervical collar do not immobilizes it only limites the movement of the spine
64IST CRE
OSTEOARTICULAR INJUERIES
65IST CRE
SPRAIN AND DISLOCATION
SPRAIN DISLOCATION
66IST CRE
OSTEOMUSCULAR BANDAJE
BITES
WITHIN THIS GROUP IS:
Dogs
Cats
Horses.
Monkey
Man
It can transmit rabies.