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DESMHCbilateral research project on SHPP (Ulg & UTCB)

Low head dams

Hydropower unprofitable due to very high investment in

civil worksA lot of existing sites which do not produce electricity

New types of turbines were developed:

VLH

S & D

Archimedes Screw

Characteristics of turbines:

Minor civil works

Fish friendly

Suitable for very low head

Retractable/ movablefree pass of floods*

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1. VLH turbineMJ2 Technologies

Integrated

generating set

Kaplan runner with 8 adjustable

blades

Fix distributor with 18 blades

Trash rack

Generator directly coupled to therunner shaft

Automatic trash rack cleaner

Drunner: 3.15 5.00 (m)

H : 1.4 3.2 (m)

Qinst : 10 30 (mc/s)

P : 100 500 (kW)

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VLH turbine (2)

Mobile moduleit can be raised from the water in order to let

the flood to pass and for inspection/ maintenance purpose

Double regulated adjustable blades and variable speed

Water speed throw turbinesmaller than 2m/s

The module can be used as a gate

Fish Friendly turbine100% surviving

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VLH Turbineexample (1)

MillauFrance (pilot site)

Head: 2.5 mInstalled flow: 22.5 mc/s

Installed power: 410 kW

Energy: 2 GWh/ year

Runner diameter: 4.5 m

In function: March 2007

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VLH Turbineexample (2)

MarcinelleBelgium

(navigation dam)

Head: 3 m

Installed flow: 2 x 15 mc/s

Installed power: 650 kW

Energy: 2 GWh/year

Runner diameter: 3.55 m

instalation: Novembre 2011

Price: 1.000.000 Euros

Time needed for up/ down 20 min

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2. Floated turbines -Rutten

Siphon turbineS (Des Grosses Battes, Liege)

Head: 3 m

Installed flow: 27,5 m3/s

Installed power: 486 kW

Energy: 2,6 GWh/year (2 years)Runner diameter: 3,25 m (92 rot/min)

4 adjustable blades (Kaplan)

Weightturbinated water

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Floated turbinesRutten (2)

Turbine D

Power plant realized from modules

Recommended for low head navigation dams

No civil works Without regulationON / OFF

H: 1.80 4.00 m

Q : 10 18 mc/s

P : 120 560 kW

Downstream min level : 2.5 4 m

Fish Friendly

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Floated turbinesRutten (3)

Turbina D(Hun - HauteMeuse) - testing

Power plant realized from 6 modules

Head: 2.8 mInstalled flow: 6 x 17 m3/s

Installed power: 6 x 400 kW

Energy: 10 GWh/year

Investment: 6 mil Euros

Weight: 350 t

Height of the metal structure: 8 m

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3. Archimedes' screw turbine

Used in ancient times as a water pump.

For the last years the screw was used as aturbine

Fish Friendly Turbine (the screw was used for

movement of the fish from a lake to another)

Rotation speed : 28 30 (rpm)

Head : 1 10 (m)

Qinst : 0.1 15 (mc/s)

P ower: max 200 (kW)

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Archimedes' screw turbine (2)

The screw has an efficiency of 87% for low heads [ 1 10 m].

Robustnessit is given by the simple working and construction principles, and also

the waste tolerance

In Europe are installed more than 200 Archimedes screws.

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Conclusions

Europe still has an important hydropower potential (50% from technical feasible)and existing very low head sites (built for other purposes than hydropower)

represents an important part of it.

Low head sites unprofitable due to major construction works needed for the

classic power station turbines which dontneed major civil works.

The paper presents the state of the art regarding Very low head fish friendly

turbines:

VLH

Omega S and Omega D

Archimedesscrew

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Thank you for your attention