The basics

Elena Santa

Destinatarios

• Lengua extranjera –Inglés

1º de Bachillerato students

Picture from Microsoft Office Online

Objetivos

1. Be aware of the grammar basics in English

2. Mastering verbs to BE and HAVE in their easiest tenses (Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple)

3. Mastering pronouns (personal, possessive and object)

The very beginning...

Subject pronouns Who? Spanish

I Yo

You Tú

He/She/It Él/Ella/ello

We Nosotros

You Vosotros

They Ellos

1ªpersona singular

2ªpersona singular

3ªpersona singular

1º persona plural

2ª persona plural

3ª persona plural

Top important VERBS

subject verb

I am

You are

He/She/It is

We are

You are

They are

subject verb

I have (got)

You have (got)

He/She/It has (got)

We have (got)

You have (got)

They have (got)

Let’s see the simple tensespositive & negative

I am...

(I’m)

I am not

(I’m not)

I was I was not

(I wasn’t)

I will be

(I’ll be)

I will be not

(I won’t)

You are

(You’re)

You are not

(You’re not)

You were You were not

(You weren’t)

You will be

(You’ll be)

You will be not

(You won’t)

He/She/It is

(He’s/She’s/It’s)

He/She/It is not

(He/She/It isn’t)

He/She/It was

He/She/It was not

(He/She/It wasn’t)

He/She/It will be

(He’ll/She’ll/It’ll be)

He/She/It will be not

(He/She/It won’t)

We are

(We’re...)

We are not

(We’re not)

We were We were not

(We weren’t)

We will be

(We’ll be)

We will be not

(We won’t)

You are

(You’re)

You are not

(You’re not)

You were You were not

(You weren’t)

You will be

(You’ll be)

You will be not

(You won’t)

They are

(They’re)

They are not

(They’re not)

They were They were not

(They weren’t)

They will be

(They’ll be)

They will be not

(They won’t)

  

and interrogative!

Am I? Am I not? Was I? Was not I?

(Wasn’t I?

Will I be? Will not I be?

(Won’t I be?)

Are you? Are you not?

(Aren’t you?)

Were you? Were not you?

(Weren’t you?)

Will you be? Will not you be?

(Won’t you be?)

Is he/she/ it is? Is he/she/ it is not?

(Isn’t he/she/it?)

Was he/she/it?

Was not he/she/it?

(Wasn’t he/she/it?)

Will he/she/it be? Will not he/she/it be?

(Won’t he/she/it be?)

Are we? Are we not?

(Aren’t we?)

Were we? Were not we?

(Weren’t we?)

Will we be? Will not we be?

(Won’t we be?)

Are you? Are you not?

(Aren’t you?)

Were you? Were not you?

(Weren’t you?)

Will you be? Will not you be?

(Won’t you be?)

Are they? Are they not?

(Aren’t they?)

Were they? Were not they?

(Weren’t they?)

Will they be? Will not they be?

(Won’t they be?)

   Yes/No answers TO BE

Yes, I am

No, I’m not

Yes, I was

No, I wasn’t

Yes, I will

No, I won’t

Yes, you are

No, you aren’t

Yes, you were

No, you weren’t

Yes, you will

No, you won’t

Yes, he/she/it is

No, he/she/it isn’t

Yes, he/she/it was

No, he/she/it wasn’t

Yes, he/she/it will

No, he/she/it won’t

Yes, we are

No, we aren’t

Yes, we were

No, we weren’t

Yes, we will

No, we won’t

Yes, you are

No, you aren’t

Yes, you were

No, you weren’t

Yes, you will

No, you won’t

Yes, they are

No, they aren’t

Yes, they were

No, they weren’t

Yes, they will

No, they won’t

You can combine the contracted forms with the long ones:

No, I’m not

or

No, I am not

positive & negative

I have

(I’ve)

I have not

(I haven’t)

I had I had not

(I hadn’t)

I will have

(I’ll have)

I will not have

(I won’t have)

You have

(You’ve)

You have not

(You haven’t)

You had You had not

(You hadn’t)

You will have

(You’ll have)

You will not have

(You won’t have)

He/She/It has

(He’s/She’s/It’s)

He/She/It is has not

(He/She/It hasn’t)

He/She/It had

He/She/It had not

(He/She/It hadn’t)

He/She/It will have

(He’ll/She’ll/It’ll have)

He/She/It will not have

(He/She/It won’t have)

We have

(We’ve)

We have not

(We haven’t)

We had We had not

(We hadn’t)

We will have

(We’ll have)

We will not have

(We won’t have)

You have

(You’ve)

You have not

(You haven’t)

You had You had not

(You hadn’t)

You will have

(You’ll have)

You will not have

(You won’t have)

They have

(They’ve)

They have not

(They haven’t)

They had They had not

(They hadn’t)

They will have

(They’ll have)

They will not have

(They won’t have)

You can add GOT to all the forms

  

and interrogative!

Have I? Have not I?

(Haven’t I?)

Had I? Had not I?

(Hadn’t I?

Will I have? Will not I have?

(Won’t I have?)

Have you? Have not you?

(Haven’t you?)

Had you? Had not you?

(Hadn’t you?)

Will you have? Will not you have?

(Won’t you have?)

Has he/she/ it? Has not he/she/ it?

(Hasn’t he/she/it?)

Had he/she/it? Had not he/she/it?

(Hadn’t he/she/it?)

Will he/she/it have? Will not he/she/it have?

(Won’t he/she/it have?)

Have we? Have we not?

(Haven’t we?)

Had we? Had not we?

(Hadn’t we?)

Will we have? Will not we have?

(Won’t we have?)

Have you? Have not you?

(Haven’t you?)

Had you? Had not you?

(Hadn’t you?)

Will you have? Will not you have?

(Won’t you have?)

Have they? Have they not?

(Haven’t they?)

Had they? Had not they?

(Hadn’t they?)

Will they have? Will not they have?

(Won’t they have?)

   Yes/No answers TO HAVE

Yes, I have

No, I haven’t

Yes, I had

No, I hadn’t

Yes, I will have

No, I won’t have

Yes, you have

No, you haven’t

Yes, you had

No, you hadn’t

Yes, you will have

No, you won’t have

Yes, he/she/it has

No, he/she/it hasn’t

Yes, he/she/it had

No, he/she/it hadn’t

Yes, he/she/it will have

No, he/she/it won’t have

Yes, we have

No, we haven’t

Yes, we had

No, we hadn’t

Yes, we will have

No, we won’t have

Yes, you have

No, you haven’t

Yes, you had

No, you hadn’t

Yes, you will have

No, you won’t have

Yes, they have

No, they haven’t

Yes, they had

No, they hadn’t

Yes, they will have

No, they won’t have

You can combine the contracted forms with the long ones:

No, I haven’t

or

No, I have not

Aaarghh! Too much theory?Let’s stop for a moment

• Breathe.........that’s right.• You don’t need to learn all these forms by heart

(=de memoria). When you understand the structure for all the subjects, you know the form if you think about it.

• Have a look at these horrible grammar tables only when you are not sure about a form.

Picture from Microsoft Office Online

Pronouns

 - These are the most important ones:

    Object pronouns: these pronouns are used very often. Lots of students confuse them with the subject pronouns or even with the possessives.

    Possessive pronouns: use them to show possession. However, there are two types, and students usually get confused between the two!

Here they are...

Subjects Objects

I Me = a mí, me

you You = a ti, te

He/she/It Him = a él, le

Her = a ella, le

Its = a ello, le

We Us = a nosotros, nos

You You = a vosotros, os

They Them = a ellos, les

Possessive

Pronouns

“Adjective”

possessives

Mine My

Yours Your

His/Hers/Its His/Her/Its

Ours Our

Yours Your

Theirs Their

Be careful with the possessives, don’t confuse them!The pronouns can appear alone:

-This is mine = esto es mío

But the adjectives always appear before a noun:

-This is my house =Esta es mi casa

Easy, right?

Now, get ready to practise...

Practical practise!

• Write these sentences in English. Think carefully about the forms:

1. Él está aquí.2. Nosotros no tenemos los libros.3. ¿Estás en la casa?4. Nuestra casa está en la montaña.5. Ese ordenador no es mío, es tuyo.6. Ellas están con ellos.7. La mesa no es de ellos, es de él.8. ¿Tenéis la botella? No, no la tenemos.9. ¿Estabas en la cocina? Sí.10. Tengo tu chaqueta.