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Annex A
First revision of the Hamburg Climate Plan
1
Contents
A. Rationale ............................................................................................................................. 2
B. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2
C. Climate report for Hamburg ......................................................................................... 6
1. Developing the framework conditions .............................................................................. 6
1.1 Climate change worldwide and in Hamburg ......................................................... 6
1.2 National and international climate policy: significance for Hamburg ......... 7
1.3 Consumption account 2017 ......................................................................................... 9
1.4 Bottom-up accounting 2018 ..................................................................................... 11
D. Further development of the climate strategy ....................................................... 13
1. Further development of Hamburg's climate goals ..................................................... 13
1.1 Guiding principle ........................................................................................................... 13
1.2 Revision of the 2015 Climate Plan: higher CO2 reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 ........................................................................................................................... 14
1.3 Sector-specific targets 2030 ..................................................................................... 16
2. Strategic points for achieving the climate goals ......................................................... 17
2.1 Four transformation paths ........................................................................................ 17
2.2 Transformation Path for Heat Transition including Building Efficiency 21
2.3 Mobility Transition Transformation Path ........................................................... 28
2.4 Economy Transformation Path................................................................................ 42
2.5 Climate Adaptation Transformation Path ........................................................... 48
3. Cross-sectoral approach ...................................................................................................... 53
3.1 Environmentally-compatible urban development ........................................... 54
3.2 The city as a role model .............................................................................................. 56
3.3 Climate-friendly society ............................................................................................. 59
E. Budgetary implications ............................................................................................... 61
F. Annexes ............................................................................................................................. 63
2
A. Rationale As planned, with the first revision of the Hamburg Climate Plan, the Senate is
further developing the content and methods of the Hamburg Climate Plan from
December 20151 and is setting new climate targets for Hamburg in the light of
current developments.
With this revision of the Hamburg Climate Plan, the Senate also informs the
Hamburg Parliament on the development of the framework conditions for Hamburg
and the targets in the Hamburg Climate Plan that have already been achieved.
B. Introduction Climate change mitigation through a rapid and wide-ranging reduction of climate-
damaging emissions caused by human beings is one of today's most important
tasks globally. Every effort must therefore be made to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions and to protect people from the consequences of major changes in the
climate. With its climate plan, Hamburg is planning to initiate the necessary
measures over the coming years so that citizens can continue to live in a city that
is worth living in, economically successful and affordable, a large metropolis that
makes its contribution to managing climate change. The climate plan is also aimed
at pressing ahead with the necessary adaptation process in order to prepare the
city for the impacts of climate change.
The Hamburg Senate is pursuing a climate policy not just as an aim in itself. Both
the rapid and wide-ranging reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and adapting
the city to the climate changes which can already be detected, is a key task in the
interests of Hamburg's citizens including future generations. The measures in the
climate plan will enable us to make sure that the quality of life, human health and
safety in our city, economic prosperity and political stability are also guaranteed in
the future. This makes climate change mitigation and climate adaptation priority
challenges for Hamburg and the Hamburg Senate.
It is clear that the transformation process to overcome an economic and social
model based on fossil resources will cause considerable changes as well as burdens
and costs. We will ensure that this process is implemented in a socially fair manner.
For all the measures there is a need to ensure that no one comes under too much
strain, and objectives such as affordable housing are not put at risk. Hamburg, like
all local authorities and states, will not be able to bear the envisaged financial
challenges but will be reliant on support from the Federal Government.
It must be remembered that, both on an international scale and from an individual
viewpoint, the higher the income and wealth, the greater the average greenhouse
gas emissions.
1 Climate Plan 08.12.2015 (Parliamentary document 21/2521)
3
For reasons of equitable distribution and the required acceptance, it is therefore
very important that the costs associated with the necessary climate measures must
be distributed in accordance with economic capacity. On the other hand, it is equally
clear that the climate policy transformation process offers quite significant
innovation and value creation prospects. As an innovative business and science
location, Hamburg has an opportunity here – including on the international stage –
because industrially manufactured products such as steel, copper and aluminium
are already produced here with a much better CO2 footprint than in other parts of
the world. In a city like Hamburg in particular, neglecting climate protection can
cause huge additional problems in the future, whereas a committed and ambitious
approach will result in increased competitiveness and economic strength, including
with a view to future markets.
Climate change mitigation and climate adaptation are challenges with a global
dimension. Although resolute action locally can only make a relatively small
contribution on a global scale, at the same time the per capita emissions in the
metropolitan regions, especially in the industrialised countries, lie considerably
above the global average. Metropolitan areas like Hamburg therefore have a
particular responsibility. Over the past few years Hamburg has therefore signed a
number of international agreements such as the Chicago Climate Charter and the
platform of the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance.
Under these agreements the signatory cities commit to the relevant national
climate change objectives, the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement and a proactive
role within their own scope for action.
A successful transformation process in metropolitan regions like Hamburg will work
as a positive model in order to prove the technical, economic and social feasibility
of decarbonisation, and to illustrate that the benefit of resolute action significantly
outweigh the costs.
In view of this, the Senate is undertaking active climate change mitigation and
adopting the necessary measures in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions
produced in Hamburg, quickly and comprehensively. At the same time, Hamburg
will be developed into a climate-adapted and climate-friendly city, protected from
the impacts of climate change but at the same time retaining its quality of life.
Both in Hamburg and throughout Germany, joint efforts are required in order to
reach ambitious climate goals. The challenge is on a scale that requires the
cooperation of all stakeholders. We therefore need a broad social consensus for
climate change mitigation which runs through all levels of our state and all sectors
of the economy. Because it is only with such wide social agreement that we can
succeed in taking all players on the journey to climate protection and climate
adaptation and in alleviating social hardship.
4
In 2007 Hamburg resolved its first Climate Action Plan and introduced a range of
measures for climate change mitigation based on this. Following this, the Senate
adopted the Climate Master Plan in 2013. In December 2015 the Senate adopted
the Hamburg Climate Plan which combined the findings and challenges of climate
change mitigation and those of adaptation to the effects of climate change.
This first revision of the Hamburg Climate Plan further develops the goals and the
portfolio of measures. It also presents the status of activities in Hamburg and the
changes to the framework conditions.
The revision to the Climate Plan is divided into two parts. The chapter, “Climate
report for Hamburg”, presents the current development in Hamburg's CO2
emissions based on the 2017 consumption account by the Statistikamt Nord
(northern statistics office). The current implementation status of the goals agreed
in the 2015 Climate Plan are also presented.
The chapter, “Further development of the climate strategy”, explains how the
Hamburg Senate plans to further develop its activities in the fields of climate
change mitigation and climate adaptation over the next few years.
In the 2015 Climate Plan, the Senate undertook to halve the CO2 emissions by 2030
compared to the 1990 base year, and to reduce them by at least 80 per cent by
2050.
In the light of current findings on the global development of climate change by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, these goals are no longer adequate.
The Senate therefore believes it necessary to revise the voluntary commitment
from 2015. In this it is guided by the goals adopted by the German Federal
Government at national level to reach the 1.5 °C target. The Senate is therefore
setting the following new CO2 reduction targets: Hamburg will reduce CO2
emissions by 55 per cent by 2030 compared to the 1990 base year. By 2050 the
city aims to reduce emissions by at least 95 percent in order to achieve climate
neutrality.
Based on these across-the-board voluntary commitments, with the revision of the
Climate Plan, the Senate is setting out additional sector-specific targets and
charging the sectoral ministries with implementing the necessary measures.
Regular controlling of all ministries will ensure that, if the targets are not met,
suitable readjustment measures will be taken. It should be noted that, with a long-
term process, the desired CO2 reduction cannot at present be predicted with
certainty for all measures. The effectiveness of the measures also requires to be
constantly monitored and readjusted if necessary. Lastly, further technical
progress, research findings, and scaling of what are initially only pilot projects or
those started on a small scale will mean that additional effects may arise which
cannot be specified at present.
5
Added to this are the climate change mitigation measures agreed by the Federal
Government whose impact on Hamburg cannot be assessed at present.
The Senate will therefore constantly update and develop the relevant target values
and measures as part of the revision of the Climate Plan.
The four sectors which the city identifies as the originators of emissions are
industry, trade, commerce and services (TCS), private households (PHH) and
transport. The table below shows the reduction targets for each of these sectors:
Sector
As at 1990
(in 1,000 t)
Target 2030
(in 1,000 t)
CO2 reduction
requirement
1990-2030
(in 1,000 t)
CO2 reduction
requirement
1990-2030
(in %)
PHH 4,823 1,599 3,224 -66.9
TCS 4,537 1,477 3,060 -67.4
Industry 5,473 2,991 2,482 -45.4
Transport 5,872 3,251 2,621 -44.6
Total 20,705 9,318 11,387 -55.0
Table 1: Sectoral reduction targets, based on the Wuppertal Institut Scenario, 2017.
Transformation paths have been developed in order to achieve the climate goals
specified in this revision, including the sectoral goals. These transformation paths
combine the infrastructure measures with the necessary adaptations to the legal
framework and additional funding instruments. In order to create a legal basis for
the climate policy goals and instruments as well as further important regulatory
provisions, a draft of a new Hamburg Climate Protection Act will be sent to the
Hamburg Parliament. This draft legislation will aim to e.g. place the Climate Plan
itself on a legal basis and create a regulatory framework.
The measures required to achieve the CO2 reduction targets will be described in
the Transformation Paths of Heat Transition including Building Efficiency, Mobility
Transition, and Economy. In addition, the Climate Adaptation Transformation Path
describes the process for developing and implementing the measures for ensuring
quality of life, the operational capability of the urban infrastructure, and the
avoidance of climate-related damage.
Section D 2 describes how the transformation paths are derived from the sectoral
climate goals. The packages of measures for the transformation paths are
presented in Annexes 2-5.
6
There are numerous interdependencies between the different transformation
paths. Interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral efforts are required in order to exploit
synergies and avoid conflicts. It is therefore crucial that Hamburg achieves its
climate goals across the board. Irrespective of the responsibility of the individual
sectors, the Senate carries overall responsibility for achieving the goals defined in
the Climate Plan. The Senate therefore aims to win over all the relevant
stakeholders from both the public and private sectors and from civil society for
appropriate forms of cooperation. An explanation of how this integrated working
method is to be implemented is given after the description of the transformation
paths.
C. Climate report for Hamburg
1. Developing the framework conditions
1.1 Climate change worldwide and in Hamburg The average global temperature has already risen by around 1 °C. This rise in
temperature is almost entirely due to the greenhouse gas emissions produced by
human beings. The underlying rise in the concentration of various greenhouse
gases, particularly CO2, is primarily due to the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil
and natural gas.
One important finding of the IPCC special report2 is that the ability of human and
natural systems to adapt with a 1.5 °C global warming is disproportionately higher
than with a 2 °C rise in temperature. For rising sea levels in particular, a slower rise
offers greater opportunity for human and ecological systems to adapt. The rate of
warming is also particularly important from the point of view of tipping points.
These are the points at which large systems such as the Amazon rainforest or the
ice sheets can change their state abruptly and irreversibly.
The effects of climate change are now to be felt in Hamburg and will increase in
future. In the period from 1881 to 2013 there was a recorded rise in average
temperature of approx. 1.4 °C for the metropolitan region.3 The number of hot days
in summer and tropical nights is increasing, particularly in the inner city.4
2 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was set up as an intergovernmental institution in November 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The role of the IPCC is to summarise the status of scientific research on climate change for political decision makers with the aim of providing a basis for science-based decision-making. The Special Report from October 2018 can be found at https://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf. 3 Von Storch, Hans; Insa Meinke; Martin Claußen (Eds.): Hamburger Klimabericht. Wissen über Klima, Klimawandel und Auswirkungen in Hamburg und Norddeutschland, 2018. (What do we know about climate, climate change and its effects in Hamburg and Northern Germany?) 4 Berichte des Deutschen Wetterdienstes, Volume 247. Trusilova, Kristina; Riecke, Wolfgang: Klimauntersuchung für die Metropolregion Hamburg zur Entwicklung verschiedener meteorologischer Parameter bis zum Jahr 2050, 2015.
7
Depending on the greenhouse gas emissions, the average annual temperature in
Hamburg could rise by 1-5 °C by the end of the century.5 As a result, such things
as increases in winter precipitation are to be expected by the end of the century.
Climate change will also result in more frequent heavy rainfall events and therefore
more frequent and severe inland flooding.
As a waterside metropolis, Hamburg will also be confronted by the effects of rising
sea levels. Over the period 1981-2019 at the Cuxhaven Steubenhöft tide gauge in
the German Bight, a rise of approx. 20 cm per hundred years has already been
measured.6 The IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere7 in a Changing
Climate (SROCC)8 forecasts a significant global rise in sea level for a "business as
usual" emission scenario. This would increase the risk of both storm surges and
current-controlled sediment transport. This places particular demands on flood
protection and future sediment management. Added to this, the brackish water
zone, the zone of mixed saltwater and freshwater, is moving upstream.
Hamburg is therefore steeling itself for the now unavoidable consequences of
climate change. It is developing a monitoring system to document the
consequences of climate change and to evaluate the effectiveness of the
adaptation measures taken by the city. In the long term this should help with
managing these adaptation measures and enable statements as to whether
Hamburg has made adequate provision for the consequences of climate change.9
1.2 National and international climate policy: significance for
Hamburg Towns and cities are already producing up to 80 per cent of global greenhouse
gases. The population in urban areas will continue to grow in the coming years and
so will the consumption of energy and other resources. Cities, on the other hand,
can use resources more efficiently due to people living together, and new
technologies such as e-mobility can be implemented more easily than in rural
regions. At the same time cities are also affected by the consequences of climate
change. In view of this, city states like Hamburg have a key role to play in achieving
the international climate change objectives.
In its efforts for climate change mitigation, Hamburg is subject to the framework
defined by the German Federal Government and the European Union.
5 www.norddeutscher-klimaatlas.de 6 Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH) 2019, https://www.bsh.de/DE/DATEN/Wasserstand_Nordsee/Meeresspiegelschwankungen/meeresspiege lschwankungen_node.html. 7 Sheets of ice or snow (= solid water) 8 IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (SROCC) 2019, https://report.ipcc.ch/srocc/pdf/SROCC_FinalDraft_FullReport.pdf 9 The first impact indicators for Hamburg have been available since mid-2017. The first response indicators should be available online by the beginning of 2020.
8
International obligations – the Paris Climate Agreement
The first internationally binding climate agreement was adopted in Paris in
December 2015. The 197 signatories committed to combat the effects of climate
change and to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases to a point where global
warming can be limited to less than 2 °C and preferably 1.5 °C. Only with the
greatest efforts is it still possible to limit the consequences of climate change.
Every five years the states check whether their measures are adequate to achieve
these goals. They are obliged to provide a report on this to the public.
Importance of EU climate policy for Germany
The European Union (EU) made a commitment to the international community to
reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 40 per cent by 2030 compared to 1990.
Around half of these emissions are recorded and reduced by the European
Emissions Trading Scheme. This involves large industrial and energy generating
plants, in Hamburg especially the large companies in the primary materials industry
for steel, copper and aluminium. These companies already operate with a high level
of resource and energy efficiency by international standards, so securing their
ability to compete and strengthening their innovation capability are in the interests
of climate protection.
The other half of greenhouse gas emissions are caused by transport, agriculture,
energy demand for buildings and small industrial plants. The EU has obliged its
member states to contribute to reducing these emissions, in line with their
economic capacity. Accordingly, Germany must reduce its emissions of greenhouse
gases by 14 per cent by 2020 and by a total of 38 per cent by 2030 in comparison
to 2005. Germany is thus obliged via the EU to contribute to reaching the
international objectives. If Germany does not meet these obligations, it could be
liable for compensation payments of billions.
Germany's climate change objectives
Germany has been able to reduce its CO2 emissions by 27.5 per cent by 2017 in
comparison to 1990.10 Projections for 2018 forecast a reduction of 30.8 per cent.11
Climate change objectives for 2020
The German Federal Government set itself the goal of lowering greenhouse gas
emissions by 40 per cent compared to 1990. According to forecasts by the Federal
Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, it
is likely that only around 32 per cent will be achieved by 2020. Advances are
anticipated especially in the energy sector. Since the European emissions trading
has undergone successive reforms, higher certificate prices have now made a larger
than anticipated reduction in greenhouse gases. On the other hand, the emissions
in the buildings and transport sectors have stagnated at a high level instead of
falling as originally anticipated.
10 BMU, Press release "Kabinett billigt Klimaschutzbericht 2018“ from 06.02.2019. 11 Umweltbundesamt und BMU, Press release from 02.04 2019.
9
Climate Action Plan 2050
In November 2016 the German Federal Government agreed the 2050 Climate
Action Plan. Germany aims to be largely CO2 neutral by 2050. This requires
Germany's greenhouse gas emissions to fall by 55 per cent compared to 1990. The
coalition agreement states that the German Federal Government will put in place a
package of measures with the aim of reliably reaching the climate goal for 2030
and closing the gaps to achieving the 2020 40 per cent goal as quickly as possible.
Climate mitigation programme 2030
On 9 October 2019, with the Climate Mitigation Programme 2030, the German
Federal Government adopted the plan with which to achieve its climate goals. The
aim is to increase the percentage of renewable energies in national electricity
generation to 65 per cent or more by 2030. For Hamburg and North Germany, a
significant acceleration in the expansion of wind energy plus rapid relief from state-
indexed price components for electricity prices is of key importance. Both points
require rapid implementation in order to progress with sector coupling in the energy
transition and entry into the hydrogen economy.
Added to this, Hamburg believes that the existing regulatory instruments including
CO2 pricing must be developed in such a way that successful steering effects arise
in favour of the use of renewable energies, including in the transport, industry and
heat sectors. The ongoing price advantage of fossil energy carriers compared to
renewable energies must also be adjusted in future.
1.3 Consumption account 2017 As in most federal states in Germany, Hamburg also has two accounts for CO2
emissions, one a source account and the other a consumption account. The source
account describes the CO2 emissions resulting from primary energy consumption
which are due to the direct use of fossil energies such as coal, natural gas and
petroleum. The source account primarily reflects the emissions of all large industrial
and energy generating facilities. The consumption account, on the other hand, is
related to final energy consumption of transformed primary energy carries such as
heat or electricity. It therefore has a direct relationship to consumption behaviour
by businesses and private households. It is more relevant to climate change
mitigation as it better reflects the factors in Hamburg which can be influenced by
climate mitigation measures. For this reason Hamburg uses the consumption
account for its climate goals.12
12The consumption account method does not include all areas. The CO2 emissions of maritime shipping are not shown and CO2 emissions from the Wedel power plant are included under district heating. The CO2 emissions from Moorburg are included in the source account.
10
The compilation and evaluation of the Hamburg CO2 account is carried out by the
Statistikamt Nord.13 Hamburg's accounting uses the methodology of the Länder-
Arbeitskreis Energiebilanzen (Federal states working group on energy balances).14
Figure 1: Hamburg CO2 consumption account 2003-2017 in comparison with 1990; Statistikamt Nord, as of October 2019.
The CO2 emissions were reduced by 20.8 per cent from 1990 to 2017. From 2016
to 2017 the CO2 emissions fell slightly by 345,000 t. This development must be
interpreted against the background of the expanding city. Population growth in
2017 at 1.1 per cent was comparatively high. At 2.4 per cent, actual economic
growth was slightly above the national figure of 2.2 per cent.
The reduction in CO2 emissions from 2016 to 2017 is mainly a result of the
increased share of renewable energies in the national energy mix. Further CO2
reductions are due to a slight drop in consumption on the part of various energy
carriers, particularly in the industrial and commercial sectors.
In terms of sectors, in 2017 private households (PHH) and trade, commerce and
services (TCS) together accounted for a 43.7 per cent share of Hamburg's total
emissions. Half of this was due to private households. Industry produced 28.0 per
cent of CO2 emissions and transport 28.3 per cent.
Per capita CO2 emissions per year for Hamburg residents fell from 12.5 t to 9.0 t
from 1990 to 2017. Hamburg had therefore achieved the 2015 Climate Plan
climate change objective of 9.0 t CO2 per capita by 2020 in 2017.
13 Statistisches Amt für Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein: https://www.statistik-nord.de. 14 Länderarbeitskreis Energiebilanzen: http://www.lak-energiebilanzen.de.
11
This corresponds to a decline of 28.5 per cent compared to 1990.
Figure 2: CO2 emissions per capita in Hamburg in t; Statistikamt Nord, as of October 2019.
The results show that even greater efforts are required to reach Hamburg's climate
goals for 2030.15
1.4 Bottom-up accounting 2018
Current situation for CO2 monitoring In addition to the regional energy and CO2 account from the Statistikamt Nord, with
the support of the Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie gGmbH
(Wuppertal Institute for short) and within the framework of the 2007-2012 Climate
Action Plan, Hamburg has developed an annual CO2 monitoring programme related
to the measures in the Hamburg Climate Plan – what is known as the "bottom-up
method". The Senate has therefore committed to reduce around 2 million t of CO2
emissions through the Hamburg measures by the end of 2020 in comparison to
2012. This includes all the measures in the Climate Plan, with and without Senate
funding.
As the German Federal Government's current funding policy has significantly
changed the framework for the Hamburg climate measures and, in particular, for
the Hamburg funding programme, from 2015 the CO2 account for the Hamburg
Climate Plan also takes account of the savings in CO2 emissions achieved through
Federal Government funding, where known.
Based on these figures, by the end of 2018 a total of 1,696,109 t CO2 emissions
were saved by measures in the Climate Plan in comparison to the reference year
2012. The Senate therefore predicts that it will achieve its goal of reducing CO2
emissions by 2 million t by 2020 compared to 2012.
15 For additional data on the consumption account, see the website of the Leitstelle Klima (Centre for Climate Issues) http://www.hamburg.de/klima.
12,511,8 11,8 11,3 10,9 10,5 10,3 10,1 10,6 10,7 10,7 10,3 9,9 9,7 9,2 9,0
CO 2-emiss ions per capita ( in tonnes)
12
CO2 reductions achieved (CO2 emissions in t)
Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Climate Plan incl. 96,403 t from the Climate Action Plan 2007-2012
491,847
635,297
710,640
767,295
1,033,324
1,292,109
Federal Government Measures
0 0 431,201 * 436,217 * 402,647 * 404,000 *
Total 491,847 635,297 1,141,841 1,203,512 1,435,971 1,696,109
Total minus green electricity measures
280,471 423,550 930,330 1,015,533 1,196,821 1,454,453
Table 2: CO2 emission reduction in Hamburg (bottom up), in relation to the base year 2012; *details where data available; BUE, as of October 2019.
Measures and financial controlling
The Ministry for Environment and Energy with its Centre for Climate Issues was
charged by the Senate to assume a coordinating and controlling function over all
ministries. This includes the compilation and evaluation of measures and financial
controlling, and climate impact and CO2 monitoring. The progress of the measures,
details of funding and any CO2 reduction achieved are reported annually. Reports
with detailed information are required for measures which have been funded from
the central programme of the Hamburg Climate Plan16.
Of the 202 measures in Annex 1 incorporated in the 1st update of the Hamburg
Climate Plan, 78 have received funding through the central programme of the
Hamburg Climate Plan (as at 10/2019).
The Climate Plan covers measures with very different funding requirements. A
significant proportion of this is met from the budgeted costs from each of the
individual budgets or through third-party funding. The funds from the central
programme of the Hamburg Climate Plan are allocated to the ministries and district
offices during the year upon application, by way of the debit transfer. Funds which
have not been paid out and are not reserved (in the plan) are returned to the central
programme and used for other climate measures.
16 product group to 2015 265.04, to end 2018 292.14, from 2019 295.12
13
in euros
Hamburg
Climate Plan
authorisations
Available (authorisations,
transfers, returns in each year) Under implementation
2015 6,669,000 20,680,725.97 13,151,747.32
2016 7,038,000 15,763,341.82 13,186,457.78
2017 7,655,000 11,126,029.44 8,231,567.36
2018 7,931,000 10,904,669.30 6,490,009.93
2019 7,116,000 11,535,345.32 9,617,713.00*
Table 3: Use of funds in product "central programme Hamburg Climate Plan", figures in euros, *further applications are being processed; BUE, as at 15 November 2019.
The distribution of climate funds amongst the individual measures is shown in
Annex 1.
Besides funding through authorisations from the Climate Plan, more third-party
funding (federal and EU funds) is being acquired. European, national and state
funding sources must be coordinated and used in the best way possible.
D. Further development of the climate strategy
1. Further development of Hamburg's climate goals
1.1 Guiding principle With the Climate Plan 2015, the Hamburg Senate formulated the guiding principle
for Hamburg as a city fit for the future, a city which is smart, climate friendly and
resilient in face of the consequences of climate change.
The revision of the Climate Plan aims to push ahead the climate policy aspect of
Hamburg's strategic development. The aim is to decarbonise all areas of the
economy, but ultimately all areas of urban life to the greatest possible degree by
the middle of the century at the latest. The goal is to transform into a climate-
friendly city offering a modern, environmentally-friendly and affordable
infrastructure which supports economic development – so that Hamburg retains a
high quality of life and remains economically successful in future. This development
needs to proceed systematically and continuously and lead to a reduction in CO2
emissions. It goes without saying that climate change mitigation and climate
adaptation need to be part of integrated thinking and action, which must to be
brought into line with all the other interests and attributes of importance for the
quality of life in our city.
14
1.2 Revision of the 2015 Climate Plan: higher CO2 reduction
targets for 2030 and 2050 Goals for reducing emissions were already adopted by the Hamburg Senate in the
2015 Climate Plan. This stated that Hamburg's CO2 emissions should be halved by
2030 in comparison with 1990 and reduced by at least 80 per cent by 2050.17 In
light of the current findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,
these goals must be developed further based on an appropriate contribution by
Hamburg. The Senate takes its lead on this from the German Federal Government's
national goals in order to achieve the 1.5 °C target. The Senate has therefore set
the following new CO2 reduction targets for Hamburg:
Time axis
CO2 reduction targets (with reference to the consumption account and the reference
year 1990)
Previous target
(2015 Climate Plan) New target (2019 revision)
2030
50% CO2 reduction
55% CO2 reduction
2050 Minimum 80% CO2 reduction Climate neutral
i.e. min. 95% CO2 reduction
Table 4: New CO2 reduction targets for 2030 and 2050 in Hamburg.
This has the following consequences: The target agreed by the Senate in December
2015 to reduce CO2 emissions by 50 per cent by 2030 in comparison to 1990
requires a saving in comparison to 201718 of around 6 million t.19 However, the
specification of the new CO2 reduction targets of 55 per cent, demands a reduction
of around 7 million t compared to 2017. By 2050 the CO2 emissions need to have
virtually reached a net zero in order to achieve the 1.5 °C goal.
To reach these ambitious targets is a task for the entire city and only possible for
the Senate as a collaborative effort in a process involving all Hamburg's citizens.
The methodology for implementing the transformation paths and their measures
described in the annex will be elaborated in the following section.
The calculations for the CO2 reduction targets in the sectors and transformation
paths presented below show the reductions that it is currently possible to define.
In some areas, reliable calculations on the CO2 savings to be achieved can only be
made in the course of implementation and further development. In terms of the
long-term nature of the measures, these predictions also contain uncertainties.
Assuming that additional measures will be introduced at Federal Government level,
and that additional innovative benefits will arise from technical progress, the
implementation of further research results and the scaling of projects which so far
have only been feasible as pilots, then the proposed measures will be enough to
reach the stated reduction targets.
17 This reduction target like all subsequent calculations for sectors and transformation paths refers to the consumption account by the Statistikamt Nord. 18 this is the year with the most up-to-date consumption account 19 cf. Section C 3.1. Consumption account 2017.
15
Thorough and regular monitoring and controlling are required to continuously
check and develop the effectiveness and success of the measures.
Key parameters for reaching the 2030 reduction targets
In order to specify how the reduction targets can be reached, in 2017 the
Wuppertal Institute was commissioned to calculate potential scenarios for the 50
per cent target from the 2015 Climate Plan. This needed to take account of the
fact that, as a city state and federal state, Hamburg – in its efforts for climate
change – is part of the framework set by the Federal Government and the European
Union. The regulatory framework in the energy and transport sectors plus the
national energy and building policies including their funding programmes have an
important impact on Hamburg's CO2 emissions. Potential measures anticipated in
the future also need to be taken into account for the Hamburg scenarios.
In the 2030 scenario for Hamburg, the Wuppertal Institute has demonstrated a way
to enable the CO2 reduction to be achieved by 2030.20 In order for Hamburg to have
a chance of achieving these targets, a fundamental change of direction in climate
protection must occur at Federal Government level as well. The expansion pathway
for renewable energies and the phasing out of coal are of crucial importance.
The biggest parameter in Hamburg's responsibility is the expansion and qualitative
improvement of district heating supplies with the aim of complete decarbonisation
in the medium term. Important cornerstones for this are the shutdown and
environmentally-friendly replacement of the Wedel power plant and the
environmentally-friendly conversion of the Tiefstack power plant. The collective
heat supply share of total supply needs to be increased to at least 35 per cent by
2030. The share of renewable energies (RE) needs to increase significantly (cf.
Section 2.2. Heat Transition Transformation Path).21 Keeping this target in mind
assumes a CO2 emission factor of 175 g/kWh in 2030.
Parameters Target CO2 emission factor
[g/KWh]
Federal government electricity mix
65% renewable energy (RE) 300
District heating District heating without coal 175
Table 5: Parameters for reaching the Hamburg climate goals
20 The 2017 reduction requirements in the individual sectors were transferred proportionally to the 55 per cent target. 21 The data on district heating supply are based on assumptions by the sectoral ministries, as at December 2017.
16
As described above, the CO2 emissions need to be reduced by around 7 million t to 9.3 million t by 2030 compared to 2017 in order to achieve the 55 per cent
reduction target. Taking into account the potential of the Federal Government
electricity mix22 and district heating (savings through energy mix), according to current calculations a difference of around 4.1 million tonnes of CO2 remains, which
must be reduced by a mix of further independent Hamburg measures.
2030 reduction target for Hamburg
CO2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
Target 2030
Reduction
required by 2030
(from 2017)
Savings through
energy mix to 2030
Remaining mix
of measures
(to reach 55%
target)
9,318 -7,080 -2,941 -4,139
Table 6: Determining factors for achieving the reduction targets for Hamburg. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Federal Government coalition agreement; BUE heating strategy, as of October 2019.
1.3 Sector-specific targets 2030 In order to achieve the CO2 reduction target of 55 per cent by 2030 in a
metropolitan area and business location like Hamburg, the first step is to identify
the crucial parameters in terms of their emission effects. The methodological
approach comprises the two above-mentioned parameters, the national electricity
mix and the type of district heating supply in the municipal area on the one hand,
and an additional mix of measures in Hamburg on the other (cf. Section 1.2 Higher
CO2 reduction targets for 2030 and 2050). To assess the mix of measures, the
Wuppertal Institute took assumptions from the Öko-Institut23 and from Prognos24
for the Federal Government level, plus data from the Hamburg ministries.
The Wuppertal Institute provided proposals for the sectoral CO2 reduction targets,
taking into account the potentials from the Federal Government electricity mix and
Hamburg district heating. The proportion of each energy carrier was considered,
based on the consumption account by the Statistikamt Nord for the above-
mentioned sectors (PHH, TCS, industry and transport). Efficiency measures were
also calculated in the PHH and TCS sectors plus through changes to the
proportions of modes of transport. Further requirements for 2030 to emerge from
this were the reduction in fossil fuels and withdrawal from heating with fuel oil in
the heat supply.
On this basis and assuming the above-mentioned proposals for the potentials at
state level, the Senate determined the following sectoral targets:
22 Following from the Federal Government's KS95 scenario, an expansion path for renewable energies of 69 per cent was originally assumed by 2030 (emission factor for electricity 240.1 g/kWh); taking into account the coalition agreement by the Government (2018), this estimate was updated to 65 per cent (corresponding to an emission factor for electricity of 300 g/kWh). 23 Öko-Institut, Klimaschutzszenario 2050, 2015 (https://www.oeko.de/aktuelles/2016/klimaschutz-in-deutschland-bis-2050/). 24 Prognos/EWI/GWS, Entwicklung der Märkte - Energiereferenzprognose, 2014.
17
Sector
As at 1990
As at 2017
Target 2030
Required change
by 2030
Of which savings
based on the energy mix
by 2030
Of which savings based
on the Hamburg mix of measures
by 2030
P
HH
4,823
3,581
1,599
-1,982
-889
-1,093
T
CS
4,537
3,587
1,477
-2,110
-833
-1,277
Ind
ustr
y
5,473
4,589
2,991
-1,598
-1,031
-567
T
ran
sp
ort
5,872
4,641
3,251
-1,390
-188
-1,202
Total 20,705 16,398 9,318 -7,080 -2,941 -4,139
Table 7: Sectoral reduction targets for Hamburg in 1,000 t CO2, Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017.
With the revision of the Climate Plan the ministries responsible for the sectors are
obliged to deliver the specified CO2 reductions from the necessary Hamburg mix of
measures. Measures which have no accurate prediction of their CO2 reduction so
far must be readjusted (possibly via further auditing). If the emission data from the
annual monitoring of measures indicate that a sector's CO2 reduction targets are
at risk, then the relevant sectoral ministry or ministries must initiate an emergency
programme within three months with the aim of guaranteeing compliance of the
sector's CO2 emission values for the following year. If greater reductions than at
first predicted have been achieved in other sectors, these can be offset by mutual
agreement to balance the reductions which have not been achieved in other sectors.
2. Strategic points for achieving the climate goals
2.1 Four transformation paths In order to reach the specified climate goals in the first stage to 2030, new
transformation paths need to be developed which provide pioneering solutions
through a combination of infrastructure measures and funding with accompanying
regulatory legal provisions.
18
The city needs to transform, and this requires investment in a sustainable,
environmentally compatible, reliable and affordable infrastructure. In practical
terms this means conversion of the urban energy – particularly the energy supply
– building and transport infrastructures. In view of the associated costs, priority
must initially be given to those measures in the relevant transformation paths which
enable the biggest steps to reaching the various CO2 reduction targets in the
Climate Plan and to achieving the best cost-benefit ratio.
This includes implementing a climate-friendly, sustainable energy supply (power
and heat) and also increasing energy efficiency (e.g. room heating in buildings,
production processes in the industry). This requires the Government to advance
funds in order to generate private investment and, where necessary, create a
binding framework via regulatory law.
This revision of the Climate Plan describes the way in which the necessary
transformation process, achieving the CO2 reduction targets in the four above-
named sectors, and further adaptation to climate change will take place, especially
through the following four transformation paths:
Heat Transition including Building Efficiency
Mobility Transition
Economy
ClimateAdaptation
Transformation paths describe a process and cannot be compared on a one-to-one
basis with the sectors. The following figure illustrates how they are derived from
the four sectors in the consumption account:
Figure 3: Schematic of the allocation of sectors to transformation paths.
19
The primary aim of the three Transformation Paths Heat Transition including
Building Efficiency, Mobility Transition and Economy is to achieve the CO2 reduction
targets by 2030 and the ongoing development of Hamburg into a climate-friendly
city. The sectoral CO2 reduction targets from Table 7 will mainly be achieved
through these three transformation paths.
This clearly demonstrates that the required CO2 reductions will be primarily
delivered via the Economy Transformation Path, and to a lesser degree via the
Transformation Path for Heat Transition including Building Efficiency, as some
industry is connected to the external heat supply. The TCS sector will also mainly
deliver the required CO2 reductions in the Economy Transformation Path but also
in large part via the Transformation Path for Heat Transition including Building
Efficiency, as some companies assigned to the TCS sector are also connected to
the external heat supply and in addition have reduction potential in their building
stock. The primary aims of the Climate Adaptation Transformation Path are
protecting the inhabitants of Hamburg from the effects of climate change, ensuring
the operational capability of the urban infrastructure and avoiding damage.
The CO2 reduction targets for the transformation paths are as follows:
Transformation paths
CO 2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
As at 1990
As at 2017
Reduction requirement by
2030 (from 2017)
Target 2030
Heat transition incl. building efficiency (only PHH sector
here)
4,823
3,581
-1,982
1,599
Economy (TCS and Industry sectors)
10,010 8,176 -3,708 4,468
Mobility transition (Transport sector)
5,872 4,641 -1,390 3,251
Total emissions for Hamburg
20,705 16,398 -7,080 9,318
Table 8: Reduction targets of the transformation paths and allocation to sectors for Hamburg. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017.
The parameters district heating and electricity (from Table 5) have different effects
in the different transformation paths, so that additional packages of measures
(Hamburg measure mix) lead to different minimum requirements in the individual
sectors:
20
Transformation
paths
CO 2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
Total CO2
reduction requiremen
t (from 2017)
Reductions achieved through:
District heating
(emission factor
175 g/kWh)
Electricity (emission
factor 300 g/kWh
with 65% RE)
Measure mix
Absolute
Percentage
Heat transition incl. building
efficiency (only PHH sector here)
-1,982
-300
-589
-1,093
26.4%
Economy (TCS and Industry
sectors)
-3,708
-232
-1,632
-1,844
44.6%
Mobility transition (Transport
sector)
-1,390 0 -188 -1,202 29.0%
CO2 reduction requirement for
Hamburg
-7,080
-532
-2,409
-4,139
100%
Table 9: Achieving the transformation path goals for Hamburg. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Koalitionsvertrag Bund; Wärmestrategie BUE, as at October 2019.
The four transformation paths will be described below, each with a quantitative
CO2 target or a qualitative transformation goal, basic assumptions and parameters
for successfully reaching the target, and the framework conditions. The most
important measures will be listed under the relevant package of measures. Detailed
overviews of the measures for the individual transformation paths are included as
annexes. The implementation covers a period to 2030. The measures will be further
developed with future revisions of the Climate Plan.
21
Sector
Reduction
requirement through mix of
measures to 2030
Predicted CO2 reduction to 2030 in accordance with the measures in the
transformation paths (based on details from the departments)
Heat transition
incl. building
efficiency
Mobility transition
Economy
Sector Total
PHH
1,093
678
678
TCS
1,277
144
602
746
Industry
567
6
1,039
1,045
Transport
1,202
1,068*
1,068*
Cross-sector savings
602
Total 4,139 828 1,068 1,641 4,139
Table 10: Estimated savings from the package of measures of the sectoral departments to 2030. * of which 43,000 t from the measure Shore-side power for ships which is not included in the consumption account.
The CO2 reductions of 4.1 million t to be achieved via the Hamburg measure mix
will be largely achieved via the transformation paths, as shown in Table 10. The
CO2 predictions for some measures are still to be assessed by other methods.
Further savings are to be expected across the sectors from the effects of Federal
Government action, additional innovations and their large-scale implementation,
plus Climate Plan measures which are not allocated to individual transformation
paths. This value will be decreased by the reductions in emissions which should
have occurred in 2018 and 2019. These are not yet shown in the most up-to-date
consumption account from 2017.
2.2 Transformation Path for Heat Transition including
Building Efficiency The measures included in the Transformation Path for Heat Transition including
Building Efficiency are mainly to be assigned to the sectors for private households
(PHH) and trade, commerce and services. The Industry sector is of little importance
for this transformation path (see Figure 3); process heat is shown in the Economy
Transformation Path. The savings in the TCS sector in the buildings category are
taken into account in the measures for this transformation path (see Annex 2), the
remaining savings from this sector in the Economy Transformation Path (see Annex
4).
22
According to the consumption account, around a quarter of all the Hamburg CO2
emissions originate from the provision of room heating and hot water for all
Hamburg's buildings. In 1990 this proportion was around a third.25
2.2.1 Transformation goal
Overall, compared to the consumption account for 2017, around 4.1 million t CO2
emissions need to be reduced via the Hamburg measures across all sectors.
CO 2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
As at 1990
As at 2017 Reduction
required by 2030 (from 2017)
Target 2030
Total emissions for Hamburg 20,705 16,398 -7,080 9,318
Transformation path for heat transition incl. building
efficiency
(only PHH sector here)
4,823
3,581
-1,982
1,599
Table 11: Reduction goal for the Transformation Path for Heat Transition incl. Building Efficiency in the PHH sector, Statistikamt Nord based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017.
To meet Hamburg's climate change objectives for 2030, around 3.2 million t CO2
emissions need to be saved in comparison to 1990 via the Heat Transition
Transformation Path. In relation to 2017 this leaves a reduction requirement of
almost 2 million t. This is distributed as follows:
Total CO2 reduction
requirement (from 2017)
(in 1,000 t)
Changes to be reached via (CO2 emissions in 1,000 t)
District heating
(emission factor 175 g/kWh)
Electricity (emission factor 300
g/KWh with 65% RE)
Measures
-1,982 -300 -589 -1,093
Table 12: Achieving the target of the Transformation Path for Heat Transition incl. Building Efficiency. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Koalitionsvertrag Bund; Wärmestrategie BUE as at 2019.
2.2.2 Basic assumptions and parameters for successfully meeting the targets
The calculation was made on the basis of assumptions for the development of the
heating structure and the type of hot water heating in private households. A major
reduction in oil heating was assumed with simultaneous increase in district heating,
natural gas supply and heat pumps, amongst other measures.
25 Statistikamt Nord, Consumption Account 2017.
23
Building stock
Upgrading the building stock through a high quality and high rate of refurbishment is an important contribution to climate change mitigation.
However, it is important to ensure that the target of affordable rent inclusive of
heating and a limit to rent increases in new buildings and existing ones is not
endangered. As a start, an implementation feasibility study has been agreed with
the housing sector in order to develop practical measures and a common approach.
There is a need to identify promising implementation measures quickly. On the one
hand this needs to examine which measures are particularly effective – also in terms
of the resources used – i.e. whether and to what extent the objectives can be
achieved e.g. through an innovative district approach which enables a sufficiently
flexible development taking into account e.g. the protection of scheduled buildings.
The study should also present the impact on the price development of heated rental
accommodation and indicate how to ensure that price rises are socially acceptable,
perhaps by reducing operating costs and/or by being compensated through grants.
The impacts on homeowners should also be taken into account. There are four basic
principles for involving the affected stakeholders: transparency, information, advice
and funding. Targeted grants, the introduction of tax deductions and an increase
in the regulatory standards need to be appropriately coordinated and allowances
made for cases of social hardship. The audit should also include how the energy-
efficiency refurbishment of listed buildings can be done appropriately.
Refurbishment rate and quality
Building refurbishment and replacing the heating system often do not coincide. As
a consequence, when the heating is replaced, plans should already be made for
building refurbishment in order to put in place the correct conditions for an almost
climate-neutral building stock in good time. When replacing the heating, a
sustainable heat supply solution should be chosen and a refurbishment schedule
established which takes an integrated view of modernising the systems technology
and refurbishing the external envelope. One possible solution is a hybrid system
which consists of an efficient fossil heating technology in combination with the use
of renewable energies and possibly a flexibilisation element (e.g. thermal storage).
Collective heat supply share of total heat supply
An important parameter for decarbonising the heat supply is the establishment of
a collective heat supply as the priority option in the city. This can be implemented
either through densifying existing heat networks or by adding new ones. The goal
is to cover at least 35 per cent of the useful heat demand via a collective heat
supply by 2030. Starting with the current usage of 25 per cent, this means a growth
over the next ten years of collective heat utilisation of one per cent point per year.
24
In 2019 the city bought back the heating company and is working on the
implementation of an ambitious plan to replace or retrofit the coal-fired power
stations (the Wedel and Tiefstack power stations) for district heating. District
heating networks offer great potential for decarbonisation because they can
incorporate a high proportion of renewable and climate-neutral energies. Potential
for decarbonisation of both the central and remaining district heating systems in
Hamburg is available in the form of industrial and commercial waste heat, near-
surface and deeper geothermal energy, ground-mounted solar thermal energy,
other environmental heat and sustainably generated biomass. In addition, power-
to-X technologies which are used in sector coupling offer promising opportunities.
Share of renewable energy in the heat supply
A large part of the network heating demand will be provided via a decentralised
heat generating system. There are two key measures in particular in this area for
achieving the climate goals. First, when a heating system is replaced, suitable
measures for increasing the use of renewable energies should be taken, potentially
via hybrid heat systems. Second, energy-efficiency refurbishment measures must
be aimed for on the building side, in order to enable the greatest possible
integration of renewable heat through reducing the building's heating load and the
installation of radiators with large heat transfer surfaces. This generally needs low
heating temperatures, in order to be able to make efficient use of generating
systems like heat pumps or solar thermal energy and to exploit waste heat sources
and environmental heat. The high heating temperature required in non-refurbished
buildings is the greatest restriction for the use of renewable energies. Efficiency
and the increased use of renewable energies are mutually dependent.
Increasing the share of renewable energy in district heating requires obligatory
decarbonisation development plans by the heating network operators in
conjunction with requirements with regard to the building stock.
2.2.3 Framework conditions
A coordinated, central local heating design is necessary due to the large number of
different building owners and types of buildings, funding programmes, heating
system operators and heat networks.
The major part of the residential building stock in Hamburg is rented. The costs of
refurbishment could be transferred to the rents. The modernisation allocation
under the tenancy laws was reduced at the last instance to 8 per cent of the
modernisation costs (full costs minus maintenance amount). However, excessive
financial strain on the tenant must be avoided, if the resulting rise in basic rent is
not offset by the savings in operating costs. Socially acceptable additional
measures, e.g. through suitable funding for energy-efficiency modernisation
measures or housing subsidy, is therefore a requirement for an increase in the
refurbishment rate and needs to be examined as part of the feasibility study.
25
The legal framework for the housing stock is formed by the regulation on the
Allgemeine Bedingungen für die Versorgung mit Fernwärme (AVBFernwärmeV)
(General Terms and Conditions for the Supply of District Heating) and the
Wärmelieferverordnung (WärmeLV) (Heat Supply Regulation). The heat generation
costs from individual boilers run on gas or fuel oil are currently low and therefore
create a considerable competitive advantage in comparison to heating systems
using renewable energies. Based on the heating cost neutrality regulation, the
heating costs after conversion of the heat generation system in a rented property
may not exceed the previous heating costs. For this reason, designs involving solar
thermal energy, heat pumps and combined heat and power with district heating
which can generally only be implemented by an energy supplier in the form of a
commercial heat supply, are often not economically viable in the residential housing
stock.
Electricity from renewable energy systems is only used for the supply of heat to a
very minor extent in the building sector. This is mainly due to the government's
price component (particularly the EEG surcharge). This framework condition
creates a principle restriction on all options for substituting fossil energy carriers
and needs to be adapted for sector coupling.
When planning refurbishment, the requirements of the outer appearance of the
building and issues of accessibility, particularly for people with disabilities and the
elderly, must also be taken into account.
2.2.4 Package of measures
The package of measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the Transformation Path for
Heat Transition including Building Efficiency (see Annex 2) also includes measures
from the TCS and industry sectors, as shown in Figure 3.
According to the data available so far and the predictions from the package of
measures, CO2 emissions can be reduced by around 828,000 t (PHH sector 678,000
t, TCS sector 144,000 t, industry sector 6,000 t). The predicted effectiveness of
the measures in terms of the anticipated reduction in emissions is also subject to
risks and uncertainties. Should it transpire in the course of implementing the
measures that their benefits were overestimated, then suitable replacement
measures need to be developed and implemented in order to ensure that the
relevant reduction obligation is met.
Top level objective: decarbonisation of heat generation
In order to decarbonise the heat supply, there is a need to create the right
framework conditions for several levels of measures in order to promote the use of
renewable heat. This applies particularly to the building stock, where it is important
to avoid mistaken long-term investment in technologies based on fossil energy
carriers with very long investment cycles. This requires an increase in the
competitiveness of renewable energies in the heating market, for example via an
effective taxation of fossil energy carriers.
26
Important example measures in this sector:
Increasing the proportion of renewable energies in the heat supply
Creating incentives for the use of hybrid heat supply systems
Collective heat supply In view of the limited potential for renewable energies in heavily built-up areas, for
a metropolis like Hamburg only the expansion of a collective heat supply can enable
the achievement of a large proportion of renewable energy compared to supply
solutions for individual buildings. In addition, combinations of technologies
(combined heat and power, solar thermal energy, waste heat, heat pumps, seasonal
storage) can be implemented more easily and economically in a heat network than
with a supply solution at the individual building level. For amortisation, the
infrastructure measures must be brought in line with the regulatory law in order to
improve the conditions for the required effectiveness and refinancing of these
measures. This includes the obligation to use renewable energies in the building
stock on the one hand and the refurbishment obligation for those buildings with
the lowest energy-efficiency on the other.
Important example measures in this sector:
Decarbonising district heating (replacement of Wedel, conversion of Tiefstack) through further
exploitation of waste heat potentials from industrial and commercial processes and use of
renewable energies
New heating networks using renewable energies and waste heat for new build and existing
areas
Densification and extension of heating networks with a focus on supply planning
Local heat supply
In housing developments which are structurally unsuited for a collective heat
supply, hybrid systems of renewable and fossil heat generating methods need to
be expanded in order to lay the foundations for the increase in the use of renewable
energies, particularly in the local heat supply. The combination of building efficiency
and the use of renewable energies should always be given priority in project
implementation.
Important example measures in this sector:
Legal obligation for the building stock to use renewable energies in the heat supply. To be checked:
Standardisation of the IFB funding and harmonisation with KfW funding programmes
Advances in energy-efficiency neighbourhood approaches
Building efficiency
Without a reduction in heat consumption, the climate protection potential in the
local heat supply and also in the collective heat supply is significantly limited. An
important way to lower the heat demand is therefore the energy-efficiency
refurbishment of the building stock. The major lever of the heat transition is the
combination of a reduction in heat demand and environmentally-friendly heat
generation. The implementation feasibility study is a key element to demonstrate a
practical solution involving the housing sector.
27
Good economic incentives with a view to a socially acceptable heat transition
design must be ensured, implying high funding requirements.
Important example measures in this sector:
Implementation feasibility study in order to obtain more detailed information on the Hamburg
housing stock and its possibilities and potential, and to establish a schedule for achieving the
climate goals in the building sector
Expand energy advice
Assess a standardisation of the IFB funding and harmonisation with KfW funding programmes
Portfolio target for the average building stock by 2050: KfW efficiency house 55 in accordance
with the Federal Government Energy Efficiency Strategy for Buildings and the Hamburg Climate
Plan (Senate document 21/2521)
Assess standard KfW efficiency house 55 and funding for KfW efficiency house 40 for new residential buildings, perhaps develop a "Hamburg building efficiency standard"
To be checked: Increase quality and rate of refurbishment in building stock through Amendment to the Klimaschutzverordnung (Climate Protection Ordinance)
Introduce phased refurbishment ("Energiesprong"); carry out pilot projects in Hamburg
Advances in energy-efficiency neighbourhood approaches; expand energy advice
Implementation of the Federal Government's guideline on sustainable building for public buildings
Development of a timber construction strategy
Develop strategy for dealing with grey energy, with the aim of minimising CO2 emissions in the
life cycle of buildings
From 2022, new buildings and extensions to non-residential public buildings will be constructed
to at least standard efficiency house 40
Implementation and further development of the guiding criteria for energy-efficiency refurbishment of public buildings
Refurbishment solutions and schedules for the building stock of public companies
Further development and funding programmes for energy-efficiency building refurbishment
2.2.5 Requests to the German Federal Government
Landlord-to-tenant electricity/local electricity
Due to an inadequate Federal Government legal framework, the large potential of
roof space for solar energy in the cities is unused. Implementing landlord-to-tenant
electricity and local projects is too complex and not sufficiently profitable. It
requires approvals for local electricity plans for landlord-to-tenant electricity,
simplification of the requirements for measurement and invoicing, and the
introduction of individual tenders for large roof-mounted PV systems.
Buildings
An increase in the refurbishment rate, better refurbishment quality and ambitious
standards for new buildings are essential for climate protection in the building
sector. This requires the coordination of funding options, tax deductions and a
regulatory standard while avoiding cases of social hardship.
Budgetary law
An effective means of avoiding social hardship would be an exemption clause in the
budgetary law for the funding of legally prescribed building standards and the
increase in EU statutory aid limits for climate protection measures in the building
sector. The Federal Government must take appropriate initiatives for both of these.
28
Neighbourhoods
There is great potential for CO2 reduction in neighbourhoods by using waste heat
from production processes. This requires the Federal Government's funding criteria
to be formulated flexibly as regards technology. A significant increase in funding is
advisable in line with the conditions of densely populated areas. The scheduled
funding cuts for urban building of 140 million (from 790 to 650 million) euros per
annum from 2021 does not correspond to the statement in the coalition
agreement. In terms of sustainable urban development, funding should be
continued at current levels and be directed more to the requirements of climate
change mitigation and climate adaptation.
District heating
Large heat pumps can exploit considerable potentials from environmental heat,
waste water heat and industrial waste heat for use in heat networks. However,
there has been no suitable funding for this technology to date in order to help it to
achieve a broader application. Both investment assistance and tax relief for heat
pump electricity are necessary.
2.2.6 Conclusion and outlook
Due to the limited available resources, particularly the available space in the city
state of Hamburg, the heat transformation will not be able to be achieved solely
through the greatest possible use of renewable energies without reducing heat
consumption. A combination of higher energy efficiency of the buildings and
systems technology and a gradual decarbonisation of heat generation is absolutely
essential.
The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg can make its own substantial contribution
to climate change mitigation in the heat sector.
The expansion of a collective heat supply with a high proportion of renewable
energies and waste heat can enable a large decarbonisation potential to be
achieved. The reacquisition of the central district heating network gives the Free
and Hanseatic City of Hamburg a crucial chance to influence the sustainable
reshaping of a large part of the collective heat supply.
In the case of public buildings (new build and building stock refurbishment),
ambitious standards will be applied and sustainable building materials used, making
the city into a model (see 3.2. The city as a role model).
2.3 Mobility Transition Transformation Path According to the consumption account 2017, the transport sector contributes a
28.3 per cent share to Hamburg's CO2 emissions. In 1990 the share was similar at
28.4 per cent.26
26 Statistikamt Nord, Consumption Balance 2017.
29
This transformation path also contains measures on work mobility.
2.3.1 Transformation goal
Overall, the measures need to reduce CO2 emissions by around 4.1 million t by
2030, compared to the consumption account for 2017.
CO 2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
As at 1990
As at 2017
Reduction required by 2030 (from 2017)
Target 2030
Total emissions for Hamburg
20,705 16,398 -7,080 9,318
Reduction goal of the Mobility Transition
Transformation Path (transport sector)
5,872
4,641
-1,390
3,251
Table 13: Reduction goal of the Mobility Transition Transformation Path for Hamburg. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017.
To meet the climate change objectives for 2030, around 2.6 million t CO2 emissions
need to be saved via the Mobility Transition Transformation Path in comparison to
1990. In relation to 2017 this leaves a reduction requirement of almost 1.4 million
t of CO2 emissions. This is distributed as follows:
Total CO2 reduction
requirement
(from 2017)
(in 1,000 t)
Changes to be reached via (CO2 emissions in 1,000 t):
District heating
(emission factor 175 g/kWh)
Electricity (emission factor 300 g/kWh with
65% RE)
Measures
-1,390 0 -188 -1,202
Table 14: Achieving the target of the Mobility Transition Transformation Path for Hamburg by 2030. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Federal Government coalition agreement.
2.3.2 Basic assumptions and parameters for successfully meeting the targets
Mobility is facing great challenges due to digitalisation, electrification and
automation. By 2030 these technologies will have developed much further. The
Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg will use this technological progress to achieve
a positive impact on the CO2 emissions in the mobility sector and also to enable
greater mobility for Hamburg's citizens. The important elements for achieving the
CO2 reduction targets are:
A significant change of paradigm in the local public transport system from
a demand to a supply oriented schedule ("Hamburg-Takt"). The aim is to
provide a significant expansion in services in the rapid transit railway (S-
Bahn) and bus transport plus the integration of on-demand transport in the
public service so that, by 2030, passengers are offered an adequate public
transport service within 5 minutes, thus raising the public transport share
of total transport (journeys) from the current 22% to 30%.
30
This huge expansion in services (denser network and more frequent
services) is aimed at convincing Hamburg residents to switch from private
passenger cars to public transport.
Electrification of vehicle fleets (passenger cars, lorries, etc.) i.e.
configuration of the different vehicle drives.
Road and rail transport
The conversion of the transport infrastructure with the aim of promoting
environmentally-compatible mobility plus the expansion of environmentally-
friendly mobility services, focusing in particular on expansion of local public
transport, are the greatest challenges of the next few years.
By the mid-2020s the expansion of the charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
in public spaces and on private grounds must be pursued vigorously. This requires
additional support, particularly from Federal Government. The market development
and market run-up for vehicles with alternative drives must be well advanced in
order to have a large number of these vehicles (passenger cars, commercial
vehicles, etc.) with different types of drives available on the market. Given the low
number of e-vehicles so far, an increase to 14 per cent currently seems realistic. A
share of up to 20 per cent is being pursued for Hamburg. However, the calculations
are at present based on 14 per cent.
Shipping
Over the next few years the shore-side power infrastructure for all shipping sectors
needs to be expanded. In addition, the development and use of alternative fuels and
the design of a suitable supply infrastructure is a great challenge for shipping and
ports. For inland shipping the greatest challenge is to ensure competitiveness and
at the same time enable investment in modernisation.
By around 2035 the key bottlenecks for inland shipping in the Elbe-Elbe Lateral
Canal should be eliminated. This will increase the reliability and profitability of
inland shipping in the seaport hinterland transport. In addition, alternative drives
will also start to be tested in inland shipping and put on the market by approx.
2030. Another objective is to digitalise inland shipping to a greater extent and
integrate it better in the multimodal logistics chain.
Air transport
Global aircraft movements have risen continuously over the last few decades. The
IATA and ICAO are predicting a doubling of the global passenger numbers to
around eight billion by 2037. The development in Europe and Hamburg is not as
rapid as it is globally. In order to be able to reconcile the development in air
transport with the goal of climate neutrality by 2050, continuing innovations which
ensure the necessary contribution to the long-term reduction of CO2 emissions27 in
air transport are required. Types of planes which are more energy efficient are
increasingly being used. However, there is still a great need for research in order to
exploit the remaining potential on the one hand and to further reduce the CO2
pollution – e.g. by using synthetic kerosene – on the other.
31
2.3.3 Framework conditions
Road and rail transport
The transport sector is facing huge challenges in relation to emissions reduction.
On the one hand, a functioning mobility with excellent national and international
integration is a key requirement for a growing and sustainable metropolis. On the
other hand, the transport system needs to be adapted in such a way that it satisfies
the requirements for reducing the consumption of resources and emission of CO2.
One significant element of this is the new fleet limit values agreed by the EU in April
2019 for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles for reducing the CO2
emissions of motor vehicles. By 2021, newly registered passenger cars in the EU
will be allowed to emit an average maximum of 95 g CO2/km. This corresponds to
an average consumption of 4.1 litres of petrol or 3.6 litres of diesel per 100 km. In
addition, at the end of 2018 the European Parliament agreed the continuation of
the CO2 emission targets for motor vehicles until 2030. This includes e.g. a
reduction of the CO2 emissions from new passenger cars of 15 per cent by 2025
and 37.5 per cent by 2030.
In June 2019 the Council of the EU Member states first passed an EU regulation on
limiting the CO2 emissions of articulated lorries and lorries. Under this regulation
the CO2 emissions of heavy commercial vehicles over 16 t must be reduced by 15
per cent by 2025 and 30 per cent by 2030. The new regulation also specifies that
the average CO2 emissions per kilometre for new lorries must fall in two stages: by
15 per cent after 2025 and by 30 per cent after 2030, both in comparison to 2019.
Vehicle manufacturers who supply particularly large numbers of zero and low-
emission vehicles can reduce their stipulated target by up to 3 per cent. This bonus
will presumably provide a particular boost to electric and fuel cell vehicles.
The regulation is due to be extended to smaller lorries and buses.
27 Note: Hamburg Airport calculates the CO2 emissions of air traffic using the LTO cycle. This covers aircraft in approach from 900 m, movement of aircraft on the ground at the airport and the operation of auxiliary power units (APU) as well as aircraft taking off, again up to 900 m height. The CO2 emissions from air transport are lower, based on the method of the LTO cycle (134,340 t for 2017) than when using the consumption account method of the Statistikamt Nord (928,000 t for 2017). The impact of aircraft CO2 emissions is dependent on the flying altitude. The warming effect is higher at a cruising height of 8-10 km in the stratosphere. This is measured by the Radiative Forcing Index (RFI). This factor is 2.7, with which the pure CO2 emission is multiplied. The German Federal Environment Agency in fact assumes an RFI of 3-5 when the effect of the formation of cirrus clouds is taken into account. These flying heights are only reached in Hamburg by overflight and not landing and take-off from Hamburg Airport.
32
Moreover, the ongoing population growth presents transport planning with
particular tasks. The demographic development is one of the factors affecting
mobility and transport. The proportion of over 65-year-olds continues to rise. An
expanding population with varied mobility needs results in an increasing demand
for transport. Despite the greater demand for mobility, in recent years Hamburg
has seen a trend for a strengthening of the environmental alliance, leading to a
change in the modal split.
With a growing population and high demand for mobility, a change in individual
mobility behaviour has occurred. The citizens of Hamburg are using more
environmentally friendly modes of transport and less motorised individual
transport (MIT). Alternative drives are increasing. These trends need to be
increased over the next few years in order to reach the ambitious climate goals.
Traffic in Hamburg will continue to increase. If the journey-related modal split were
to remain constant, this would still mean a further growth in traffic volume on the
roads. The proportion of environmentally sustainable travel in journeys undertaken
(public transport, cycling and walking) must therefore undergo an above-average
increase so that the traffic volume of MIT does not continue to grow. (cf. figure
below)
The distances undertaken by local public transport as well as bicycle have risen
significantly compared to 2008. In MIT, longer distances were undertaken with a
simultaneous percentage reduction in journeys. For short and medium distances,
well-developed cycle and public transport networks offer an attractive alternative
to MIT. However MIT predominates for distances > 5 km. Significant reduction in
MIT can only be achieved through better public transport as this can also compete
with MIT on longer journeys. Local public transport is therefore the most relevant
element in the environmental alliance for reducing CO2 emissions.
33
Proportion of main modes of transport for all journeys 2008/2017
Figure 4: Proportion of main modes of transport for all journeys: infas, DLR: MiD 2008/ MiD 2017.
Daily total journeys undertaken in million km in 2008 and 2017
Figure 5: Daily total journeys undertaken in million km in 2008 and 2017; infas, MID Hamburg 201728
28 The data also include long-distance journeys outside Hamburg. A direct conclusion about the traffic volume in Hamburg is not possible.
34
Shipping The legal framework for maritime shipping including its emissions is determined by
international and European regulations. Over recent years the International
Maritime Organisation (IMO) and European Union have agreed a range of targets
to reduce emissions at sea. In 2018 the IMO agreed an emission reduction strategy
up to 2050. This provides for a reduction in annual greenhouse gas emissions of at
least 50 per cent in relation to 2008 and aims for efforts beyond this to ideally
achieve a complete reduction in greenhouse gases, in compliance with the
temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. The resolution largely omits any details
of how this is to be done in individual cases.
Since 2015 Hamburg has been the second largest inland port in Germany. Of the
three modes of transport in the seaport hinterland transport (lorry, rail and barge),
barges have the lowest energy consumption. On average they use 67 per cent less
energy than lorries and 35 per cent less than trains. Consequently their CO2 costs
are the lowest at 0.12 cent per tonne kilometre. Increasing the proportion of inland
shipping in the seaport hinterland transport is therefore both a national and
international aim.
Air transport
It is anticipated that a further increase in flights over Hamburg Airport will occur
up to 2040 (in comparison with 2017). At the same time an average growth in
passenger numbers of approx. 2 per cent is anticipated for Hamburg up to 2037.
As with shipping, the legal framework for air transport including emissions is largely
determined by European and international regulations. In order to counter the
accompanying rise in CO2 emissions at a European level, air transport has been
included in the European Emissions Trading (EU ETS) since 2012. In the EU ETS the
reduction in emissions is achieved over the system as a whole. Through the
European certificates trading, since 2012 growth of the European and therefore
the Hamburg air transport has been CO2 neutral.
The International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) has agreed the CORSIA (Carbon
Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation), a process through
which the growth in international air traffic should be climate neutral after 2020.
From 2020 onwards, the airlines involved in international flights which join two
participating states must compensate the increase in emissions of the routes in
question.
There is also the non-binding target of the air transport sector of achieving zero-
emission air transport by 2050 by using synthetic kerosene.
2.3.4 Package of measures
The block of measures for the Mobility Transition Transformation Path (see Annex
3) for achieving the 2030 climate goals in the transport sector include the package
of measures from the Luftreinhalteplan (Clean Air Programme) 2017.
35
In view of the growing number of inhabitants and the likely consequent increase in
total traffic in Hamburg by 2030, public transport has a very important role in
satisfying people's rising mobility demands in an environmentally responsible and
city-friendly manner. The proportion of the environmental alliance modes of travel
in journeys undertaken (public transport, cycling and walking) must therefore
undergo an above-average increase so that the total passenger car transport
volume is reduced.
The Mobility Transformation Path focuses on a strategy based on a range of
measures to expand public transport (Hamburg-Takt).
According to the available data and predictions, the measures in the Mobility
Transformation Path can reduce CO2 emissions by 1.1 million t. The predicted
effectiveness of the measures in terms of the anticipated reduction in emissions is
still subject to risks and uncertainties. Should it transpire in the course of
implementing the measures that their benefits were overestimated, then suitable
replacement measures need to be developed and implemented in order to ensure
that the relevant reduction obligation is met.
Supply-oriented public transport (Hamburg-Takt)
The key element is a significant change of paradigm in the local public transport
system, from a demand to a supply oriented transport strategy. The aim is to
provide a significant expansion in services in rail and bus transport and, by
integrating on-demand transport, to offer every passenger – even in currently
inadequately served areas of Hamburg – a good and very frequent public transport
service. By putting users at the centre of the public transport system and massively
expanding the services (denser networks and more frequent services), everyone
should be induced to switch from private cars to public transport. The strategic aim
for the public transport system should be for their market share of total transport
to increase to 30 per cent (share of journey-related modal split). This corresponds
to an increase in passengers of approx. 50 per cent in the HVV in Hamburg compared
to 2017. Cities like Vienna (with a public transport share in the modal split of 38
per cent) have already demonstrated that this goal can be achieved with a
determined and continuous expansion of public transport. What this actually means
is that there is a need for user-centred quality in public transport: besides
expanding the S-Bahn network we need massive investment in the existing network
of the S-Bahn and a reorganisation of bus transport.
One of the aims is to provide a climate-neutral public transport service (including
the on-demand services).
From 2020 only buses with zero-emission drives will be purchased. An ongoing
conversion of the bus fleet to zero-emission drives will be completed by 2030. CO2
neutrality in public rail transport (U-Bahn, S-Bahn, regional transport) will also be
developed further by 2030 in comparison to 2017.
The full transport and climate-friendly effect will only develop from the interplay of
all public transport measures (bus, S-Bahn, on-demand service) and the
accompanying shift from private passenger cars to CO2-neutral public transport.
36
The major and consistent expansion of public transport by 2030 and the transport
shift to public services mean control over more mobility with lower emissions for
Hamburg.
Important example measures in this sector:
Expansion of the high-speed rail network (new construction U5, S32, S4, extension of S21, U4,
densification of network through additional stops at U-Bahn Oldenfelde, U-Bahn Fuhlsbüttler
Straße, S-Bahn Ottensen, S-Bahn Elbbrücken)
Introduction of an XpressBus network (decentral transport plan, tangential connections)
Introduction of QuartierBus network (localised services)
Expansion of MetroBus network (bus frequency guarantee, 24/7 bus service)
Expansion of NachtBus network
Bus stop programme (denser network)
Programme to improve the bus system (including traffic light priorities)
Linking traditional public mobility services, transport sharing and on-demand services
Further expansion of mobility hubs (switchh-points)
Linking micro-mobility services with public transport
More frequent S-Bahn services
Increased capacity for buses and trains
Adaptation/modernisation of the route infrastructure
Expansion of vehicle fleets for buses (zero-emissions) and S-Bahn
Reliability measures for the S-Bahn
Switch tower renovation for the S-Bahn
Modernisation of S-Bahn stops and passenger management system
S-Bahn maintenance programme
Accessibility
Expansion of digital information and sales systems
Mobility platform (HVV switchh app)
Purchase 100% green electricity
Promoting cycling
Cycling is a key element for developing low-emission mobility. Hamburg has set
itself the goal of increasing the proportion of cycling in the journey-related modal
split to 25 per cent in the 2020s. Indications would suggest that the positive trend
can be further strengthened in the coming years, so this goal can actually be revised
to a 30 per cent share. Good conditions for cycling can be created through
investments in the cycling infrastructure, service and communication. The cycle
route scheme can be used to implement long, interconnected routes and close
important gaps. Expansion of the district network connecting different parts of the
city will be included in the plans and integrated where possible. We will also examine
whether it is possible to establish cycle highways into the surrounding areas.
Implementation of the Bike+Ride development scheme is progressing steadily.
Important example measures in this sector:
Implementation of cycle route scheme
Planning and construction of cycle highways
Expand and further develop StadtRad (smart bicycle hiring scheme)
37
Funding programme for cargo bikes
Programme for public bike parks
Cycling-friendly neighbourhoods
Incentives for increasing city centre quality and for changing the mode of transport through
more car-free zones in the city centre
Intermodal schemes & mobility management/ short-range mobility
To achieve a low-emission mobility it is crucial to provide a mobility service which
offers attractive alternatives to using passenger cars. The aim is to improve the
digital infrastructure and optimise the physical linking of different types of
transport (passenger car, public transport, cycling, walking). Hamburg is
cooperating with a number of car and ride-sharing providers with the aim of
switching these fleets completely to e-vehicles in future. Some years ago Hamburg
implemented what are called switchh points, which make it easy to change between
public transport, car-sharing and StadtRad. This service will be expanded
particularly in residential areas.
Important example measures in this sector:
Expand e-car-sharing
Expand mobility service points (Switchh)
Expand B+R
Promote walking
Improving parking space management
Setting up district mobility schemes for new housing developments or developments in existing
neighbourhoods (for neighbourhoods over approx. 100 LU)
Company mobility (e.g. StadtRad, charging stations, home-office schemes)
Traffic management, digitalisation
A growing traffic volume alongside reduced resources and more stringent
requirements for environmental and climate protection pose a major challenge to
the transport infrastructure. In order to make efficient use of the existing
infrastructure and enable traffic to flow as smoothly as possible, the needs of
commercial and freight traffic as well as individual mobility must be taken into
account. Digitalisation and networking of mobility can make an important
contribution to this. Autonomous vehicles, linking passenger and freight traffic plus
the deployment of delivery robots are only some examples of the options for
making better use of the transport infrastructure in future.
Modernising bus and train fleets
From 2020 Hamburg will purchase only zero-emission buses. The Electrobus
project will create infrastructural, technical and operational conditions to enable
the bus service to be run in future with zero-emission buses. Options for this are
both e-buses and also the technical development of fuel cell buses as a range
extender. The strategic approach will depend on the operating range of the bus.
Due to the market situation, pure e-buses which are ready for the market are
currently being purchased. These can be charged centrally at the bus depots. The
first depot is the new Alsterdorf depot at Gleisdreieck, which is currently being
fitted with the charging infrastructure including power supply.
38
The market situation and technical development of fuel cells as a range extender
are being monitored and tested for longer distance buses. The range of battery-
powered buses can also be extended by charging en route (opportunity charging).
In implementing the Electrobus strategy, Hamburg is keeping its technical options
open for the best solution provided by the technical developments.
Important example measures in this sector:
Bus fleet modernisation by HOCHBAHN and VHH; changing the entire bus fleet over
to alternative drives
Expansion of the A1 to S21 to Kaltenkirchen
E-mobility, other alternative drives and alternative fuels
Nationally, the aim is for a share of between 7 and 10 million e-vehicles by 2030 in
accordance with EmoG (German electromobility act). Assuming increased support
for e-mobility by the German Federal Government and industry and in view of the
favourable conditions for electromobility in urban areas, the Senate believes it
possible to achieve an e-mobility share of 20 per cent by 2030. In order to create
the necessary conditions for vehicles with low-emission drives, Hamburg is
continuously expanding the amount of publicly available charging infrastructure
and is supporting the expansion of the hydrogen filling station network. In future
the main aim will be to speed up the expansion of the charging structure required
for the technology transition, including in private areas, e.g. beside and in
residential and commercial buildings.
Important example measures in this sector:
Expansion and operation of publicly accessible charging infrastructure for e-vehicles
Development of a charging infrastructure designed to improve the network for e-vehicles,
including commercial and private sites
Increase the proportion of electrically operated passenger cars in the fleet of the Free
and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and public companies
Complete conversion of taxis, ride-sharing / pooling and on-demand services to e-
vehicles for passenger transport in accordance with the EmoG
Complete conversion of car-sharing fleets to e-vehicles in accordance with the EmoG
Business logistics: rail transport in the port and delivery traffic
In order to relieve the road network, it is likely that in future more goods will be
transhipped to rail as well as maritime and inland shipping. As important interfaces
for the transshipment of loading units, terminals and facilities need to be
continuously modernised and expanded for the combined transport.
The Port of Hamburg has a particular importance for reducing CO2 emissions and
air pollution. Automation of the flows of traffic and freight in the port are already
making a contribution to achieving the climate change objectives. Hamburg is
pursuing further measures to reduce emissions such as modernising the port
railway and creating climate-friendly infrastructures for shipping.
39
A further important aspect is the inner city delivery traffic, which will increase
further by 2030, particularly due to the rise in e-commerce. Hamburg is on track
for becoming the model region for last mile logistics and has already tested some
pilot projects for supplying the last mile. A city-wide last mile logistics plan will be
developed for comprehensive implementation in order to contribute to achieving
the climate change objectives.
Important example measures in this sector:
Modernisation of port railway
Voluntary self-limitation in the port to lorries with Euro V and Euro VI standard
Continue "smartPORT logistics" package of measures
Expansion of LNG tank infrastructure for large and small lorries as an interim solution
Elaboration and implementation of the city-wide "Last Mile" concept
Smart loading and delivery zones (driving around to find parking and double parking will be
reduced by the introduction of a booking system for loading zones as will the number of stops)
Use of inner city waterways for commercial transport
Expansion of cargo bike infrastructure for zero-emission delivery by cargo bike
Provision of sites for micro-hubs
Expansion of digital hub logistics as a physical place for sustainable and digital innovations in
the logistics sector
Implementation of the INTERREG-Europe SMOOTH PORTS project with the aim of reducing CO2
emissions by optimised transport routes in goods clearance processes in ports
Shipping
Shipping is subject to international regulations. Due to their location, city ports like
Hamburg have a particular responsibility to protect their citizens from emissions.
With the implementation of the shore-side power system at the Altona cruise ship
terminal, Hamburg has already assumed a leading position in Europe for the
reduction of shipping emissions during lay time. Further shore-side power systems
are planned, particularly for container shipping. The main challenge to this is for
the ships to make good use of the shore-side power system, because so far only a
limited number of ships are compatible with shore-side power. For container ships,
the majority of the ships in the Port of Hamburg, it is currently approx. 12 to 14
per cent. It is assumed that by 2025 over a third of large container ships in the Port
of Hamburg will be shore-side power compatible. Widespread use of shore-side
power facilities requires European and national framework conditions which
improve the cost-effectiveness of this use and thus create incentives. As part of
the construction of the shore-side power system at the cruise ship terminals, the
ministries involved will work towards the development of appropriate regulations,
possibly in cooperation with other European cruise ship locations, to ensure that in
future only cruise ships adapted to shore-side power or ships with comparable
environmental standards will put into the Port of Hamburg.
Another goal is to further increase the modal split of the inland shipping in the
hinterland container transport from its current approx. 2.5 per cent. This requires
both improvements in the infrastructure in the hinterland (e.g. building new locks
in the Lüneburg-Scharnebeck on the Elbe Lateral Canal, implementation of the Elbe
master plan) and also promoting and testing innovations (e.g. Elbe 4.0).
40
Important example measures in this sector:
Expansion of shore-side power systems for container ships plus construction of a shore-side
power system for cruise ships at the HafenCity and Steinwerder terminals
Creation of regulations with similar effects for reducing CO2 emissions in conjunction with other
European ports on the basis of equal conditions of competition
Zero-emission Alster shipping
Smart Ocean applied research (Fraunhofer Center for Maritime Logistics)
Air transport
Hamburg Airport has committed to a climate-neutral airport operation by 2021.
The Flughafen Hamburg GmbH (FHG) is supporting the airlines' efforts for
becoming climate neutral, especially in terms of making synthetic kerosene
available and with incentives for using low-emission types of aircraft.
Deployment of low-emission types of aircraft
Emissions will be considerably reduced thanks to the increased deployment of the
Airbus A 320 neo and Boeing 737 new generation, as these aircraft use approx. 15
per cent less jet fuel than traditional drives.
Use of alternative fuels for aircraft
The Flughafen Hamburg GmbH (FHG) is resolutely pursuing the goal of having
aircraft in Hamburg fuelled mainly by sustainable fuel in the form of synthetic
kerosene as soon as possible. Along with its partners, the FHG will work towards
supplying the greatest possible proportion of synthetic kerosene as quickly as
possible. A project started in 2019 envisages the use of jet fuel produced by a
climate-neutral process in the longer term.
Important example and other measures in this sector:
Further development of emission-linked landing fees
Traffic optimisation system for the apron (Follow the Greens)
2.3.5 Requests to the German Federal Government
Public transport
The announced increase in funding under the
Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz (GVFG) (Local Authority Traffic Financing
Act) is important. Changes are also required for assessing S-Bahn projects in order
to take better account of climate protection aspects and to reach a simple and
better funding strategy by the German Federal Government.
The details of funding for local public transport under the Regionalisierungsgesetz
(Regionalisation law) do not so far take account of the large additional capacity
required for climate change mitigation.
41
Rail
Hamburg will campaign for and support measures at Federal Government level for
speeding up planning and consent for rail projects, in order to supply the necessary
infrastructure for a greater change-over from road to rail.
Electromobility (MIT)
One of the aims of the German Federal Government is to expand the publicly
accessible charging infrastructure to a total of one million charging points by 2030.
The funding of charging points for the charging infrastructure master plan
announced by the Federal Government which is limited to "jointly used private and
commercial charging infrastructure" is, however, not sufficient for implementing
the necessary capacity in the private sector. The usefulness for the grid must be
established as a key and universally applicable premise for grants: funding should
only be made available for intelligent charging infrastructures which correspond to
the load management of the local distribution network operator. It must be ensured
that the assessment basis takes account of funding for the complete range of costs
(including installation costs). Income from the property industry or employers in the
charging post business is accepted as replacing capital and therefore not
detrimental to funding. Charging infrastructure used commercially shall be given a
special depreciation of 50 per cent in the year of purchase.
Shipping
Funding for shore-side power systems was agreed by the German Federal cabinet.
Shore-side power systems for maritime shipping are very expensive. Investment in
this equipment will not amortise anywhere. The ports are of national importance
and the emissions have national effects, so it is appropriate for the Federal
Government to be involved. The Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology is
working on proposals for introducing a Special Equalisation Scheme (BesAR) for
onshore power (limitation of the EEG surcharge to 20 per cent) and for adapting
the network charge system for ships.
2.3.6 Conclusion and outlook
Hamburg is making great efforts to achieve the CO2 reduction targets in the
transport sector. The wide range of methods has been outlined above. A key
component of the transport development planning will focus on how the above-
mentioned measures will work in combination with other developments and plans,
which synergy effects and interactions will occur. The objective of this three-year
process is to develop an action plan to guide the city-wide road and rail traffic and
mobility behaviour. The process is not merely adaptation planning to future trends
and structural developments, but is principally directed towards strategic goals for
which measures will be developed to guide the transport developments in this
direction. These transport development goals were agreed by the Senate on 31
January 2017 (Senate document 21/7748). The CO2 reduction goal is an integral
part of this.
42
2.4 Economy Transformation Path
2.4.1 Transformation goal
The Senate's objective is to follow a course of economic and social transformation,
in conjunction with the Hamburg business community. According to the
consumption account 2017, around 50 per cent of the Hamburg CO2 emissions are
currently due to the Hamburg economy. There was a similar proportion in 1990 at
48 per cent.29 However, it must be remembered that the Hamburg economy, and
particularly the industries located here, adhere to the current environmental
standards and their production is very environmentally friendly by international
comparison. Hamburg's aim is to support the Hamburg business community in its
innovative transformation process and also to ensure good conditions of
competition in future.
Compared to the consumption account for 2017, the measures need to reduce CO2
emissions in total by around 4.1 million t. The TCS and industry sectors need to
prioritise a reduction in CO2 emissions of approx. 3.7 million t in the Economy
Transformation Path. Approx. 1.8 million t of this will be achieved via the Hamburg
measures, mainly in the Economy Transformation Path. An important contribution
in the non-residential building sector of TCS will also be reached through measures
in the Heat Transition Transformation Path, which will be accounted for there. A
further reduction of around 1.8 million t is expected through an improved Federal
Government electricity mix due to an increased proportion of renewable energies
and improved district heating (see Table 16). The required measures for buildings
in the TCS sector are not included in the programme of measures for the Economy
Transformation Path, but in the Transformation Path for The Heat Transition
including Building Efficiency.
CO2 emissions (in 1,000 t)
As at 1990
As at 2017
Reduction required by 2030 (from 2017)
Target 2030
Total emissions for Hamburg
20,705
16,398
-7,080
9,318
Economy Transformation Path (TCS and industry sectors)
10,010
8,176
-3,708
4,468
Table 15: Reduction goal for the Economy Transformation Path for Hamburg by 2030. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Koalitionsvertrag Bund.
In order to meet the climate change objectives for 2030, the Economy
Transformation Path needs to save around 5.5 million t CO2 emissions in
comparison to 1990; based on 2017, there is still a reduction requirement for
approx. 3.7 million t CO2 of emissions. This is distributed as follows:
29 Statistikamt Nord, Consumption Account 2017.
43
Total CO2 reduction
requirement (from 2017)
Changes to be reached via:
(CO 2 emissions in 1,000 t)
District
heating
(emission factor
175 g/kWh)
Electricity (emission factor 300
g/KWh with 65% RE)
Measures
-3,708 -232 -1,632 -1,844
Table 16: Achievement of objectives for the Economy Transformation Path for Hamburg by 2030. Statistikamt Nord; based on 2030 scenario, Wuppertal Institute, 2017; Koalitionsvertrag Bund.
2.4.2 Basic assumptions and parameters for meeting the targets
The assumptions on industrial production for the industry sector were based on
the Federal Government's Climate Protection Scenario 95. This contained forecasts
on the use of individual energy carriers.
For the trade, commerce and services sector, assumptions were also made on the
development of a range of applications such as e.g. room heating, process heat,
refrigeration/ventilation/HVAC, and lighting, based on the energy reference
forecasts from Prognos 2014.
The quality of the German power mix has considerable impacts on the Economy
Transformation Path, but particularly on Hamburg's industry, due to its large
amount of energy-intensive raw materials industry. For the economy it is therefore
important to achieve at least the 65 per cent share of renewable energies in the
German power mix agreed by the coalition.
National policy changes are required, so that industry in particular invests as soon
as possible in low-emission or zero-emission technologies such as e.g. green
hydrogen. The greatest possible level of investment security must be guaranteed.
In addition, it is precisely the energy-intensive raw materials industry that has the
greatest leverage in terms of energy efficiency by reducing energy consumption
and increasing energy efficiency. Appropriate measures need to be controlled
through financial support by the Federal and State governments.
2.4.3 Framework conditions
Hamburg is characterised by the high proportion of energy-intensive raw material
industries, by its ports and also a large number of companies in the trade,
commerce and services sector.
The Port of Hamburg is the leading German logistics centre and one of the largest
contiguous industrial areas in Germany and Northern Europe. As a major energy
consumer, the port and the industrial businesses based there can make a significant
contribution to the energy transition.30
30 see above footnote 12
44
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the trade, commerce and services
sector are often difficult to reach. In contrast to industrial businesses they place
less importance overall on energy efficiency and climate change mitigation in many
cases, or they lack technical or financial capacities. This means that additional
advisory and funding options must be provided, especially for these companies, and
additional measures taken in order to guide these enterprises towards a climate-
friendly production and working method.
2.4.4 Package of measures
The package of measures to reduce CO2 emissions in the Economy Transformation
Path (see Annex 4) includes large projects which aim to contribute to decarbonising
industry and projects which aim to improve energy efficiency in Hamburg’s small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In addition, some measures for the heat
transition in the economy are included in the Transformation Path for Heat
Transition including Building Efficiency (funding programmes for non-residential
buildings and renewable heat).
According to the information and projections available in the package of measures
for the Economy Transformation Path, reductions in CO2 emissions of approx. 1.6
million t need to be made (0.6 million t in the TCS sector and 1 million t in the
industry sector). The projected effectiveness of some of the measures in terms of
the fall in emissions expected through them may require an expert study. Added to
this, there are a still range of measures with no specified CO2 reductions – expert
studies are also needed to assess these potentials.
Due to the framework conditions for the energy transition in Hamburg as an
industrial and commercial location, there are specific main topics for the Economy
Transformation Path which need to be given priority. These include the expansion
of networks, advice and further training, further development of Hamburg funding
programmes and sector coupling, i.e. a flexible adaptation of energy consumption
and energy generation by the companies. The Senate continues to focus on
voluntary measures by the commercial enterprises.
Alliances / Networks / Master plans
The networking should initiate additional voluntary investment measures to protect
the climate and resources in the target groups of industry and trade, commerce
and services. The instruments for achieving this are advisory services, support for
sharing experiences between the companies and knowledge sharing on
technologies, including via the increased integration of universities, plus securing
financial support. Suitable measures are voluntary commitments like the energy
efficiency network, the expansion of the joint network of active companies as part
of the UmweltPartnerschaft Hamburg (UPHH) (Eco-Partnership) and forming an
alliance in the Hamburg renewable energies (EEHH) cluster.
Important example measures in this sector:
Development of a hydrogen economy network
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Transferring the successful model of the energy efficiency network (EEN) to other sectors of
Hamburg industry Public enterprises as climate partners – conclusion of new agreements from 2021
Promoting commitment by companies within the UmweltPartnerschaft Hamburg (UPHH).
Stronger appeals to sectors which have a large potential for environment and efficiency measures
(including the housing and building industry, trade, the tourism industry, logistics sector)
Consolidation and promotion of the Energieforschungsverbundes Hamburg (Energy Research Network Hamburg) (EFH).
Expansion of the cooperation with trade and industry (including the Landesprogramm
Qualifizierung im Handwerk = State programme Qualification in trades; Environmental advisory
services by the Chamber of Crafts and Trades)
Visualising CO2 reductions by companies via "Clean:tech inside"
Development of a sector coupling demonstration centre at the Bergedorf energy campus
Advice / Information / Further training
The deployment of climate protection managers makes it possible to reach
companies directly on the ground.
Important example measures in this sector:
Appointment of climate protection managers in each district
Comprehensive advertising of environmental, climate protection and climate adaptation
measures in SMEs
Further development and advertising of funding programmes
Based on the specified CO2 reduction targets, the funding environment in Germany
is currently undergoing a permanent change with a significant expansion in the
support measures by the Federal Government. In order to reach the reduction
targets as quickly as possible, Hamburg's funding programmes will be continued,
either by following additional objectives or by entering into new forms of
cooperation with Federal Government funding, in order to be able to raise
additional funds for Hamburg projects. Funding measures for project planning
would enable large investment projects to be initiated and specified, thus increasing
the number and quality of the funding applications from Hamburg. Supplementary
investment funding and project support by the Senate for large projects
contributes to improving the prospects of obtaining Federal Government funds.
More European Union funds should be obtained for Hamburg climate change
mitigation projects.
Important example measures in this sector:
Broadening the funding goals and project support in the Unternehmen für
Ressourcenschutz (UfR) (Companies for Resource Protection) programme, for example for
Individual on-the-spot advice and feasibility studies
Additional support to Federal Government funding of large projects on
decarbonising production processes
Promotion of CO2-efficient use of materials in production processes
"Efficiency checks" (draft design) for preparing the application for Federal
Government funding for large projects
Developing energy demand and self-generation flexibility in industry and CTS:
Utilisation of industrial waste heat for heat networks
"Multifunctional networks": Sector coupling e.g. hydrogen as raw material and
energy carrier, energy storage systems
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Sector coupling
In order for Hamburg to increase its use of electricity from renewable sources, the
energy demand needs to be adapted to the volatile supply from wind turbines,
particularly from Schleswig-Holstein. The Senate therefore endorses and supports
the flexible adaptation of energy consumption and self-generation in businesses, in
order to increase the level of utilisation of renewable electricity in the supply
network and to reduce CO2 emissions. There are various potential measures in
industrial and commercial businesses for using electricity flexibly in production
processes. Storing volatile energy (power-to-X) can be done in the products
themselves, in energy storage systems, in heat storage systems or in renewable
gases (e.g. hydrogen) which can also be used as raw materials. The basic
requirement for effective savings of CO2 in sector coupling is the availability of
sufficient wind energy. This requires the expansion of the network.
Besides regulatory frameworks for the energy market, this requires numerous
technical obstacles to be overcome.
Research and testing of the complete transformation of the energy system all the
way to a rapid decarbonisation is to be demonstrated under the Norddeutsches
Reallabor (North German Real-world Laboratory ). This will make use of the findings
from the NEW 4.0 project (the aim is to demonstrate options for supplying the
Hamburg/Schleswig-Holstein region with 100 per cent renewable energy by 2035).
Important example measures in this sector:
Norddeutsches Reallabor – Research and testing the complete transformation of the
energy system to demonstrate ways to rapid decarbonisation
Geothermie-Reallabor (Geothermal practical laboratory): Geothermal heat will be used
directly without heat pumps by means of boreholes to a depth of 3,500 metres and
possibly coupled with an aquifer store facility
Other measures
Other possibilities for decarbonisation involve providing support to industrial and
commercial enterprises to think about CO2 reduction and environmental protection
in the wider sense right at the product manufacturing stage, for example during
product design or via the efficient use of materials. Modifications to technical
production processes can decrease the use of raw and other materials and reduce
the quantity of waste, therefore lowering the specific use of energy for the process.
Important example measures in this sector:
Compliance with the gold standard of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen e.V.
(DGNB) (or comparable standard) as a minimum requirement for the allocation of urban
spaces for core area uses and if possible also for mixed area uses
Increase the weighting of sustainability and climate aspects in the context of economic
development criteria to 10%
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HAMBURGER DOM and Hafengeburtstag Hamburg: Take account of sustainability and
accessibility criteria in assessing exhibitors and sub-organisers
Climate mitigation as a key point in the revision of the agricultural policy (Senate document
21/18512) with the following approaches: Expansion of organic farming, reduction in
nitrogen surpluses connected to manuring, conservation of grassland, and amendment of the
funding policy
2.4.5 Requests to the German Federal Government
Renewable energy expansion goal
The rapid and ongoing increase in the share of renewable energies in the power mix
is a crucial requirement for reaching the Hamburg climate goals. In the Climate
mitigation programme, the German Federal Government confirms the expansion
goal of a 65 per cent RE share by 2030. The auction system used to regulate the
building of new RE facilities is, however, largely dysfunctional: the expansion of
solar energy systems is faltering and that of wind turbines has ground to an almost
complete halt. What is required is to determine a time and quantity structure to
2030 which also includes the additional quantities of RE electricity needed for
sector coupling. Electricity storage systems require uniform regulations which free
them from end-consumer fees and end multiple charges – this would greatly benefit
all sector coupling projects. The network expansion and upgrading must be adapted
to the expansion of RE generation.
Wind energy
We need to achieve a net expansion of 6 to 7 GW per year of onshore wind energy
and an offshore expansion target of 20 GW in 2030 and 30 GW in 2035. The
expansion must be enabled independently of the expansion of the grid and
synchronised with the establishment of power-to-X as quickly as possible. Shutting
down generating plants which run on EEG funding must be prevented. Rigid spacing
regulations (1,000 metres or 10xH) severely restrict the expansion of wind energy
from Hamburg's viewpoint, without achieving their aim of increasing acceptance.
Hydrogen
The use of hydrogen makes a maximum contribution to climate change mitigation
if the hydrogen is suitable for the system and can be produced using excess
renewably generated electricity. This requires a regulatory framework which helps
to make green hydrogen competitive rather than grey hydrogen. The Federal
Government needs to guarantee a sufficient supply of green hydrogen.
2.4.6 Conclusion and outlook
The Hamburg economy has already adopted a course towards a Green Economy.
This includes the development of "green" services and the numerous companies
working in the wind energy sector. The hydrogen network and the renewable
energies cluster play an important part here. Companies involved in the research
and development of green technologies are being supported by e.g. the PROFI
Umwelt funding programme from the Investitions- und Förderbank (IFB), and this
needs to be expanded further.
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These current packages of measures (cf. Annex 4) have enabled the economy to
achieve a large part of its required CO2 emission reductions.
However, ways must be found with the help of the Chambers of Commerce and
Crafts and Trades and associations to mobilise small and medium sized companies
more in the direction of climate protection and support them with the necessary
measures.
2.5 Climate Adaptation Transformation Path The Climate Adaptation Transformation Path describes the necessary action for
protecting citizens from the negative effects of climate change and for maintaining
the operational capability of the urban infrastructure. The topic areas covered by
the Hamburg adaptation strategy from the Adaptation to Climate Change action
plan 2013 and from the Hamburg Climate Plan 2015 will be constantly further
developed, see Annex 1.
2.5.1 Transformation goal
The Climate Adaptation Transformation Path follows the overall goal of developing
Hamburg into a climate-resilient city. The state ministries and companies will
cooperate to develop strategies and implement measures for this. These comprise
protection from the direct effects of climate, e.g. through disaster management
(including storm surge warnings and risk communication) and health protection
(including heatwave warnings); further development of the urban infrastructure to
adapt to climate change, e.g. by using heat resistant road surfaces and measures
related to drinking water supply and the maintenance of a high quality of life.
2.5.2 Basic assumptions and parameters for successfully meeting the targets
Climate change will have a wide range of effects on life in Hamburg, inlcuding the water regime and urban climate, the tree stock and green spaces. In the long term it will lead to new challenges in flood protection, an existential matter for Hamburg, which must be confronted with the most recent up-to-date scientific knowledge. This applies not only to storm surge protection which must be adjusted to the anticipated rise in sea level but also to inland flood protection. All the rest of the urban infrastructures must also be adapted to climate change.
The increasing risk of heatwaves and droughts on the one hand and heavy rainfall
on the other requires a targeted use of the options and development opportunities
offered by careful use of water in the city and expansion of the green infrastructure.
These action areas offer opportunities both to minimise the dangers of climate
change and for a marked improvement in the quality of life.
In order to avoid damage while making optimal use of the water resource, it is
important that any rainfall is allowed to evaporate on site or to infiltrate so that it
is available for the natural cycle and also takes pressure off the sewers – something
known as the principle of the sponge city.
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A semi-natural, decentral rainwater management ensures that water is available for
longer during droughts and important processes in ecosystems can function for
longer without precipitation.
When coping with heat, an important objective is to prevent heat building up by
reducing the urban heat island effect. This requires the preservation and
development of green spaces and safeguarding agricultural land. Shading and
evaporation from trees can also help to reduce the heat island effect. Measures
such as roof and façade greening can also significantly reduce the amount of
heating in the city. Urban greening in streets, parks, cemeteries and small gardens,
on roofs and façades, and all suitable surfaces such as e.g. noise barriers is also
especially important for heat prevention. Agricultural land is also crucial in this
context, as it forms the largest continuous open spaces in the municipal area. Open
spaces create a fresh air supply and therefore improve climatic conditions in the
city.
Important parameters for achieving the targets in the Adaptation to Climate
Change sector are:
Development and improvement of the planning and technical principles such
as e.g. digital maps, regular revision of the city climate analysis, updating
the flooding areas and heavy rainfall plans; technical regulations are also
essential (e.g. DIN 1986-100)
Across-the-board implementation of measures for adapting those urban
infrastructures which have proved effective in practice or in pilot projects
Optimising cooperation within the ministerial and institutional
administrative departments and targeted public relations work
2.5.3 Framework conditions
Hamburg's position as a location for climate science and research is particularly
important in relation to the necessary measures for adapting to climate change.
The KlimaCampus Hamburg creates a network of universities, extramural research
facilities and Federal authorities which cooperate in carrying out climate and energy
research and in developing solutions. The new Climate, Climatic Change, and
Society (CLICCS) excellence cluster places a greater focus on researching the
necessary link between the natural and social sciences.
One consequence of climate change which is of particular relevance to Hamburg is
the increase in heavy rainfall events which have a high damage potential. In order
to meet the challenges in dealing with heavy rainfall but also periods of drought,
since 2009 the state ministries in cooperation with HAMBURG WASSER have been
developing plans and measures for the RegenInfraStrukturAnpassung (Rain
InfraStructure Adaptation) (RISA).
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2.5.4 Package of measures
A tabular overview of the package of measures required under RISA is shown in
Annex 5. Individual topics from this and adaptation tasks in the essential public
services are explained below.
Planning instruments: water plan and water management support plan
The Hamburg Water Plan already described in the Strukturplan Regenwasser
(Rainwater Structural Plan) 2030 will be established and introduced as a water
management framework plan for matters relating to water and waste water
management. The long-term aim is that the water plan, as a city-wide scheme
integrated in other spatial plans and as a planning instrument, has sufficiently
detailed local measures which can be implemented in practical projects. The water
plan is based on thematic maps (e.g. infiltration potential map, water regime,
topography). Besides the water management framework conditions (e.g. water
bodies, sewers, infiltration into groundwater), the water management support plan
needs to take account of any upstream or downstream connections plus any
requirements for areas for water management measures.
Comprehensive implementation of tried and tested RISA measures
Alongside the new planning instruments, the comprehensive implementation of
tried and tested measures (e.g. rainwater infiltration, rainwater storage, rainwater
retention, delaying rainwater runoff, increasing the evaporation percentage) is of
crucial importance for the successful adaptation of the rainwater infrastructure.
Storm surge protection
The remit of storm surge protection is to reduce the flood risk for Hamburg and to
protect the municipal area of Hamburg from storm surges in the long term. In view
of the rise in sea level, the design water levels (Senate document 20/5561) for
public flood protection systems resolved by the Senate in October 2012, specify a
climate allowance of 20 cm up to 2050. The corresponding building programme for
flood protection is currently being implemented. The scheduled pending 10-year
review of the design principles will incorporate the new findings from the IPCC
Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere (SROCC). The European Directive on
the Assessment and Management of Flood Risks (2007/60/EC) requires the
identification of areas at risk and the preparation of flood risk maps and flood risk
management plans which take account of the effects of climate change.
Inland flood protection
Risk zones are to be defined for inland flood protection, similarly to those for storm
surge protection. For water bodies which pose a significant flood risk, areas of
potential flooding during a 200-year event will be defined as risk zones. Within
these zones, those areas which will flood during a 100-year event will also be
defined as flood areas. The risk and flood areas must be monitored in a 6-year cycle
and adapted to changed circumstances.
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The effects of changes to the climate, especially on the runoff behaviour into water
bodies, must be taken into account.
Operational capability / disposal capacity of wastewater removal
Due to extreme weather events, the introduction of large amounts of runoff to
water bodies from rainwater drains results in the existing ecological inventory of
the receiving water being damaged or destroyed by the strong hydraulic load
(mechanical removal of the flow cross section). In inner city areas with
predominantly mixed sewers (greywater and rainwater), heavy rainfall events lead
to the overflow of untreated waste water from hydraulically overloaded sewers –
with negative consequences for water quality (bacterial contamination; falling
oxygen concentrations due to microbial nutrient cycling cause fish mortality).
For rainwater sewers and mixed sewers there is a need to increase the future
system capacities for retention / storage / restriction of the runoff of the large
quantities of water occurring temporarily during heavy rainfall events, both on
private and public land, through discharge volume limitation and relief schemes.
Security of supply in the drinking water supply
Climate-related changes to precipitation events can have impacts on the availability
of drinking water. The security of the drinking water supply, drinking water
protection and drinking water management must therefore be explored against the
background of the effects of climate change.
Security of supply in the energy infrastructure
The consequences of climate change are also noticeable in the energy sector. For
example, low water levels and increased water temperatures in summer 2018
created shortages in coal supplies and a capacity reduction in many power plants.
Energy networks are also affected, for example due to storm damage or drought
when parched soil can lead to cable breakage. Hamburg must assess whether and
to what extent there is a need for action, and what measures will be required as a
result.
Civil protection: disaster reduction and disaster management
Strategies need to be developed and measures put in place for disaster reduction
which will ensure, if the worst happens, that the effects on the city and its
inhabitants remain as small as possible. One of the requirements is that the data
needed for decision-making is available centrally, and is networked and easy to
access. All areas of daily life are dependent more than ever on communication
infrastructures so that failures can have far-reaching consequences. The main
focus for health protection is how to handle heatwaves and monitoring disease
agents.
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Green networking Over the last few years the two major topic areas of heat prevention and the
promotion of natural water cycles have been integrated in the instruments for
landscape planning and summarised in the "Grün Vernetzen" (green network) map.
This map identifies the housing developments with a significant heat island effect,
the priority surfaces for cool air production and the important zones for producing
cool air as well as priority areas with a high infiltration potential. The Grün
Vernetzen map shows e.g. Hamburg's important green spaces (green network) and
which areas are important for a well ventilated city and the local climate.
Statements on this topic area are to be included in the Hamburg landscape
programme.
Roof and façade greening
The Senate adopted the Green roof strategy for Hamburg on 8 April 2014. The aim
is to build 100 ha of green roofs within a decade and to create a significant new
green infrastructure on the roofs from a city-wide perspective. Urban projects are
of great importance here (for example when building schools). The Green Façades
strategy should also provide an incentive for building more green walls.
Trees in the city
Besides their major role in regulating the urban microclimate, trees and bogs are
remarkable carbon stores. Maintaining and developing the stock of trees is
therefore important. All districts should designate areas for possible afforestation
or the restoration of peatlands.
The urban stock of old trees fulfils important climatic, ecological and aesthetic
functions in the city. Large-crowned trees are powerful air conditioners for heat
prevention in urban areas. Besides planting new and replacement trees, preserving
the established stock of trees must be given top priority. In addition, due to the
climatic changes, new information needs to be gathered about the value of trees in
open space planning and about the importance of the trees' location and cultivation
needs. Consequences need to be drawn from this for Hamburg's green spaces, in
particular, guidelines must be developed for the location and cultivation of city
trees and recommendations made for species selection.
Building-related measures
The planning and implementation of building-related measures for adapting to the
consequences of climate change are relatively new. In 2018, cooperation between
the Centre for Climate Issues and the Hamburg Chamber of Crafts and Trades led
to the establishement of a cross-trade expert group in the EnergieBauZentrum
(Centre for Energy Construction) in order to meet these challenges. This group is
designed for specialists (tradespeople, planners, architects, engineers, energy
advisers) who should be enabled to implement local, practical building requirements
and renovations for adaptation to the effects of climate change.
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The expert group will support regular exchange of ideas on current topics, client
responses, new requirements and practical measures. The expert group consists of
employees of trades and crafts enterprises from a variety of trades, and currently
has 39 regular participants.
New functions for public services
The effects of climate change may also require new functions for state public
services. These include, for example, new warning systems, disaster funds or
principles for insurances for climate-related damage. Account must also be taken
of developments in digitalisation and other social developments that could lead to
the creation of new functions for state public services.
2.5.5 Conclusion and outlook
The Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg is faced with new challenges through the
observable and expected changes due to climate change with simultaneous
population growth and increasing urban building density. Successful steps have
already been initiated via numerous projects such as e.g. the current and planned
upgrading of flood defence systems and the RISA process, and basics such as the
Grün Vernetzen specialised map, in order to prepare the city for the predicted
changes. What is now crucial is its implementation across the whole city. This will
ensure that Hamburg will react appropriately with a future-proof and sustainable
adaptation of the urban infrastructures to the changes and be fit for current and
future challenges.
3. Cross-sectoral approach A cross-sectoral approach is necessary in order to achieve the CO2 reduction
targets in the individual sectors and also the adaptation goals. Very early by
international standards, Hamburg integrated climate change mitigation and
adaptation to climate change in a joint strategy with its Climate Plan 2015. This
strategy has been developed further in cooperation with a broad range of
stakeholders in Hamburg. These stakeholders include the Chambers of Commerce
and Crafts and Trades, associations for environmental protection and the
protection of tenants' rights, interest groups from the mobility sector, churches,
public advisory bodies, public companies, and industrial and energy utility
companies.
The transformation to a future-proof city requires integrated, interdisciplinary and
cross-sectoral approaches in order to coordinate the activities of the public and
private stakeholders. In practice this means that:
Climate protection and climate adaptation measures must be assessed for
synergies and conflicts. For example, green roofs and façade greening on
buildings assist climate protection through the insulating effect with a low
energy demand, and climate adaptation in terms of urban climate and
drainage. The integration of photovoltaics and solar thermal energy is
possible in principle and will also contribute to climate change mitigation.
Action areas like mobility, buildings and energy will be looked at together
under what is called sector coupling, e.g. by using electricity in the mobility
sector or by using green hydrogen in the heat and industry sectors.
This section of the revision describes how this integrated approach will be further
developed in Hamburg. What this actually means is that crucial stakeholders will be
brought together in a suitable manner in order to implement the measures set out
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in the transformation paths.
3.1 Environmentally-compatible urban development The main challenge of an environmentally-compatible urban development
programme is harmonising the requirements of climate change mitigation and
climate adaptation. Growth in the city is both a challenge and an opportunity in this
respect. If climate change mitigation and climate adaptation are always taken into
account from the start of planning and construction, then this gives rise to
synergies instead of conflicts.
It is the various measures for inner city development that offer the opportunity to
create effective climate protection via town planning solutions. Shorter journeys,
increased energy efficiency through a more compact design and well-connected
urban centres with public spaces are only some of the synergy effects that are of
particular importance from a climate protection angle.
With the "Mehr Stadt in der Stadt" (more city in the city) strategy, Hamburg has for
many years been focusing on sustainable residential growth by prioritising inner
city development. This strategy aims to give equal consideration to economic,
social and environmental needs by limiting the growth of built-up areas, using land
potential primarily in existing residential areas and optimising existing uses by
exploiting land more efficiently. This applies to residential use as much as
workplaces. This strategy also incorporates an improved exploitation of
infrastructure facilities (social and technical infrastructure).
For example, Hamburg makes use of the development of inner city building land
potential in an open space quality offensive to combine such developments with
the upgrading or creation of new open spaces in the neighbourhood. This results in
green added value within the residential area in the form of new parks and green
areas, particularly through land use conversion. Examples of this are the Inselpark
in Wilhelmsburg with approx. 100 ha, the Lohsepark in the HafenCity with approx.
4 ha and the Stadtteilpark in the Mitte Altona with approx. 3 ha, plus access to
areas of water and upgrading riverbanks. Solutions such as multi-functional areas
in neighbourhoods which, for example, function as parks and open spaces while
also serving as retention areas in heavy rainfall events, can meet the diverse needs
and area requirements. At the same time, many climate adaptation measures
support the quality of life in the neighbourhoods via an increased quality of green
and open spaces. Last but not least, in the long term this can avoid considerable
costs for claim settlements.
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This requires that we set mandatory climate goals and back these up with specific
activities. This can be done via funding and agreements in alliances and voluntary
commitments, as well as potentially necessary accompanying regulatory provisions.
In order to implement climate protection in an economically acceptable manner,
measures with the greatest leverage and the highest possible CO2 reduction must
be given priority. The more CO2 that can be reduced per euro spent, the better.
Barriers to investment must be overcome with attractive conditions so that the
investment pays off more quickly than previously, both for the investors/owners
and for the tenants.
Besides the transformation paths, the following strategic cross-sectoral measures
will be implemented in this field:
3.1.1 Climate change mitigation and energy efficiency in the Bündnis für das
Wohnen (Alliance for Housing) in Hamburg
Climate change mitigation, climate adaptation and affordable housing are equally
important for Hamburg's future and enjoy a high level of political priority. The
partners in the Alliance for Housing therefore expressed a common interest in
active climate protection, and agreed to work on common solutions for new and
existing buildings. The aim is to lower the energy consumption of the buildings and
increase energy efficiency and also the share of renewable energies. The alliance
partners have held expert discussions to debate the energy-efficient
neighbourhood development, mobility and the implementation of RISA.
3.1.2 Energy-efficient neighbourhood planning
In order to realise the potential of heating networks, the "neighbourhood approach"
is being used both for new build and existing buildings. This means an overall
approach below district level, instead of looking at individual houses. The aim of
the Federal Government Neighbourhood Energy Efficiency Strategy (KfW
Programme 432) is to develop and implement integrated neighbourhood schemes
which include measures for energy savings and integration of renewable energies
in the power supply. This will be implemented through energy-efficient
refurbishment management. Measures at a neighbourhood level can lead to higher
CO2 savings than when implementing energy saving measures at the single building
level. There are a total of ten energy saving neighbourhood plans funded by the
Federal Government.
3.1.3 Practical guide for climate issues in urban development
As part of an order from the Senate, the relevant ministries will, in cooperation with
the districts, set up a practical guide for including climate change mitigation and
adaptation to the effects of climate change in the urban development plan. This
demonstrates which practical options are available in the individual town planning
phases to take account of climate issues – from urban open space planning
competition to the concept tender.
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This study will be cross-sectoral, as quality of life, densification in the course of
increasing housing, preservation and development of green and open spaces,
integrated rainwater management, sustainable mobility, implementation of the
energy and heating transitions, and many other topics must all be combined in an
integrated town planning process.
3.1.4 Climate change mitigation plans and climate change mitigation management in the districts
All Hamburg districts are in the process of creating their own integrated district
climate change mitigation plans or have done so already.
By the end of 2020, the Senate aims to have climate managers in all districts who
are involved in setting up and implementing climate change mitigation plans, and
other support staff who are involved in urban development planning or with
mobility solutions. A further aim is that, by 2021, each district will have an energy
efficiency neighbourhood management plan for creating and implementing an
energy efficiency neighbourhood plan.
3.2 The city as a role model
3.2.1 Non-residential public buildings / guiding criteria for energy-efficiency
refurbishment
The public non-residential buildings will undergo energy-efficiency refurbishment
so that the final energy consumption will be reduced by at least 30 per cent by
2030 and at least 60 per cent by 2050 in comparison to 2008. Hamburg is aiming
to achieve an almost climate neutral building stock by 2050 in line with the
Government's target. Public non-residential buildings require extensive energy-
efficiency refurbishment in order to achieve the energy-efficiency targets by the
year 2050. The strategy previously described in the Climate Plan (Senate document
21/2521) contains the following main components:
Key criteria for the energy-efficiency refurbishment of public non-residential
buildings
In line with an order of the Senate issued under the framework of the Climate Plan,
the relevant ministries have developed guiding criteria for the energy-efficiency
refurbishment of public non-residential buildings which define standards and offer
assistance with the implementation.
These guiding criteria are based on a portfolio approach which still needs to be
specified in detail, and form a unified basis for the staged energy-efficiency
refurbishment of the public non-residential building fleet up to 2050. The portfolios
need to be specified in a way that leaves adequate freedom of design, even when
taking account of the requirements for protecting scheduled buildings. In addition,
in view of the associated costs, the measures which enable the greatest progress
in terms of achieving the various CO2 reduction goals and the best cost-benefit
ratio must be given priority to start with.
The aim is to modernise the buildings in need of refurbishment to on average at
least the level of a KfW efficiency house 70 with the aid of Federal Government
funding.
57
Along with the increase in new build with a high energy efficiency standard (zero
energy standard or, from 2022 at least efficiency house 40), every property owner
or body responsible for implementation ought to have achieved a total building
portfolio which meets the objectives of the Hamburg Climate Plan.
The portfolio approach offers property owners flexibility and also the opportunity
for innovative approaches. This includes, for example, increasing efficiency in
building control services and raising the regenerative percentage in heating energy
carriers (solar thermal energy, heat pumps, collective heat supply, etc.).
Improvements in user behaviour can also be included. If buildings cannot be
refurbished to the level of a KfW efficiency house 70, this can be offset by another
building in the portfolio which is refurbished to a higher standard.
Refurbishment solutions and schedules By the end of 2017, refurbishment solutions and schedules should be compiled for
municipally owned non-residential buildings. There is already a refurbishment
schedule and energy management strategy for Hamburg's schools in the form of
the framework plan for school construction, which are in need of further
development. It is important to ensure that the planned measures in the school
development plan are capable of being implemented in full.
Other property holders – with specialist advice from the relevant ministries – are
still in the preparation phase with drawing up refurbishment plans and schedules.
These guiding criteria provide assistance with this. Refurbishment plans and
schedules must be produced by the responsible property holders by the end of
2020 at the latest.
Refurbishment plans and schedules must be compiled taking into account the
requirements of the Hamburg Behindertengleichstellungsgesetz (Act on Equal
Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities) which is currently going through the
legislative process.
Data collection
Collecting and evaluating the annual building-related energy consumption data for
heating, hot water and electricity, and the CO2 emissions linked to this for municipal
buildings, buildings in the landlord and tenant model and public buildings which are
rented by third parties is carried out by each of the property owners such as the
Schulbau Hamburg and the Sprinkenhof GmbH. These data provide a basis for the
refurbishment plans and schedules for public buildings.
3.2.2 CO2 neutral state administration 2030
In the Climate Plan 2015, the Senate set itself the goal of organising the state
administration to be largely CO2 neutral by 2030 or to offset the CO2 emissions.
The opening balance for 2012 recorded CO2 emissions within the defined system
boundaries, at 207,481 t CO2. The electricity sector, at 94%, is of particular
relevance.
58
The pending first revision of the CO2 footprint (base year 2017) will reflect the CO2
reduction in 2020 of the measures which have been implemented since then. Based
on the 2017 CO2 footprint, measures will then be derived with additional savings
potential. The sectoral ministries are already implementing savings measures in
various procurement areas, resulting in a reduction in the CO2 emissions from
administration amongst other things. This includes the guideline on
environmentally-friendly procurement, climate-neutral post and parcel dispatch,
and the almost 100 per cent use of recycled paper. Just under 30 per cent of the
business passenger cars in the ministerial fleet which are subject to the motor
vehicle guideline are electric vehicles. Further-reaching approaches to low-pollutant
and low-CO2 business mobility have been trialled by boroughs and public
enterprises in the MOVE project. In the events sector, effective sustainable
approaches are currently being developed and tested which are due to be
introduced as a binding standard for Hamburg for sustainable events in 2021.
3.2.3 CO2 offsetting business flights Since 2008, in accordance with the Hamburgisches Reisekostengesetz (VV
HmbRKG) (Hamburg travel expenses act), CO2 emissions from business flights
taken by members of the Senate and employees of the Free and Hanseatic City of
Hamburg are offset. Business flights within Germany and European short-haul
flights are to be limited to the absolute minimum in future. For improved
traceability, reporting should also be set up with information on the climate impacts
of flights. From 2020, business flights taken by employees of public companies
which are subject to Hamburg's Corporate Governance code must also be offset.
3.2.4 Public enterprises as climate partners
In June 2018 16 public companies signed the first climate partner agreement with
the Senate. By entering this agreement, the companies are following the Senate's
wish to jointly send a signal on climate protection in Hamburg, and to be a model
for private stakeholders in the city. The signatory companies aim to save a total of
at least 140,000 t CO2
Besides technical measures such as installing more efficient heating and
refrigeration technology and using waste heat and waste water to supply energy,
measures aimed at the company's employees are also implemented such as e.g.
fuel-saving courses. Companies which switch their electricity purchase to high-
quality green electricity achieve particularly high savings. Further savings targets
are to be set for 2025 and 2030 and new climate partners acquired.31
3.2.5 Environmentally-compatible finances
In its role as an investor, the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg can also make an
active contribution to climate protection by checking the climate impact of long-
term investments. Avoiding and divesting from environmentally damaging
investments, particularly fossil energy carriers like coal, oil and gas, also reduces
the investment risk.
31 For further information see https://www.hamburg.de/klima/11263314/klima-partner/.
59
In 2019, as part of the development of a sustainability strategy, the sectoral
ministries also introduced the preliminary examination of sustainable funding and
investment strategies, especially those linked to climate protection. Based on this,
the Senate will soon review and prepare investment policies geared to climate
protection and other sustainability criteria and follow this by developing a
sustainable investment strategy both for its own activities in the financial market
and for holdings in public companies.
3.3 Climate-friendly society Hamburg achieves a lot, but must demonstrate this. This will motivate people in the
city to undertake activities for the whole of society for a climate-friendly Hamburg.
For people to accept and support the project, it is essential to have a transparent
approach by the municipal players and clear communication of the successes, but
also examination of the failures and problems. The changes affect everyone and
must be supported and communicated. Information on the projects plus
visualisations of the targets aimed for must be provided early on in an easy-to-
understand format in order to communicate the benefits but also the necessity of
the change processes, and to create acceptance amongst the population.
As many Hamburg stakeholders as possible need to work on developing the Climate
Smart City Hamburg. Various (participatory) formats will enable all the people of
Hamburg to be committed to climate protection and to play their part.
The public relations work should ensure that these changes are not merely
accepted but also actively demanded by Hamburg society. The unique selling points
of the proposals such as are currently described e.g. in the "climate-friendly
Hamburg Guide" should therefore become the new normal in Hamburg. Climate
protection and adaptation will naturally be integrated in the everyday life of the
people of Hamburg.
The topics of climate protection and climate adaptation should also be made a firm
part of the Hamburg education system, starting with the early years and school
education via university study and research all the way to advanced scientific
training and other adult education programmes. Besides establishing the topic
firmly in the education and research establishments, it is equally important to
integrate companies as partners. This can facilitate rapid knowledge transfer in
terms of sustainable technologies, and future experts will already have an
awareness of climate protection.
60
In early-years education, children in day care facilities are already being made aware
of sustainable and environmentally friendly behaviour in accordance with
Hamburg's educational recommendations, and also with such topics as transport,
waste prevention, power supply, etc.
In Hamburg schools climate change and climate protection are already obligatory
subjects in the curriculum. These should be established and integrated in the
lessons more firmly in future. The relevant sectoral ministries will support teachers
beyond the existing provisions through projects in the MINT areas, provision of
teaching units on climate change and climate protection, and sample curricula on
the remit for environmental education.
Adult education will also focus on the topic of climate protection in future.
3.3.1 Climate communication
The measures on climate protection and adaptation by the Free and Hanseatic City
of Hamburg (previously including the climate fund and cargo bike funding) are now
combined under the name #moinzukunft. The #moinzukunft logo is registered as a
trademark for the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and will mark the climate
protection activities.
Figure 6: The #moinzukunft trademark logo for the climate protection activities of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
The existing website will be expanded and the hashtag #moinzukunft used in social
networks for all sectoral ministries in order to communicate the climate plan, the
measures described in it and their implementation stages as well as examples of
practical climate protection in people's everyday lives, clearly and appropriately for
different groups.
To make the #moinzukunft trademark more familiar, from 2020 a new funding logo
will be developed containing this word symbol. In future, projects which use climate
funds will bear the new logo. This will mean that projects and measures funded by
Hamburg will be immediately recognisable.
3.3.2 Participate and contribute
Stakeholder participation is now an established process in which the Centre for
Climate Issues sends regular invitations for discussions and takes up the advice and
ideas of Hamburg stakeholders on developing the measures in the revision to the
Climate Plan.
In future we also plan broad public participation in the revision of the Hamburg
Climate Plan, including the use of suitable digital applications.
61
The research project Climate Friendly Lokstedt (formerly Climate Smart City
Hamburg-Lokstedt) studied the different participation formats of the Centre for
Climate Issues in a research partnership with the University of Hamburg, the
Eimsbüttel district office and the Hamburg HafenCity University. Intensive work
was done by experts along with residents of Lokstedt in three sample action areas
– household energy, mobility and waste. Implementation of the “energy saving
days” fulfilled a particularly needed measure in the district as a pilot project.
The project illustrated that acceptance of changes increases the more present and
early that information is available on the ground. At the same time it is important
to maintain a certain creative freedom in order to be able to react to local
conditions.
In 2019 Hamburg took part for the first time in the worldwide Climathon. The
format links students, scientists, start ups and urban stakeholders who together
have to develop innovative solutions for practical issues in only 24 hours. In
districts, boroughs and neighbourhoods, more opportunities need to be created for
people on the ground to start talking to each other and sharing ideas. Players on
the ground, like the climate protection managers in the districts, are essential for
implementing these kind of local projects. This can be achieved via small events,
digital resources like apps or social networks, or traditional district festivals.
E. Budgetary implications
The measures for implementing the climate plan require considerable financial
resources. According to the current planning status, which cannot yet be estimated,
a total volume of around 2 billion euros is assumed, accumulated over the duration
of the Climate Plan to 2030.
A substantial proportion of the projects in the various sectors is already the subject
of ongoing planning within the respective ministries or public enterprises (e.g.
expansion of public transport) and therefore cannot be estimated separately.
An equally substantial proportion of the projects is financed by private partners or
stakeholders, in particular by business and industry, so that these do not trigger
any or only a pro rata need for financing or funding on the part of the Free and
Hanseatic City of Hamburg.
On the other hand, considerable additional funds are needed in order e.g. to be able
to implement the planned energy-efficiency refurbishments in the public building
sector. This means that the cost-efficiency principle under Section 7 of the
Landeshaushaltsordnung (state budgetary regulation) must apply in all areas – as
confirmed in the draft of the Climate Protection Act. In view of the associated
costs, priority must initially be given to those measures in the different
transformation paths which enable the biggest steps to reaching the CO2 reduction
targets in the Climate Plan, and to achieving the best cost-benefit ratio.
The contributions to the CO2-savings targets by Hamburg's public enterprises must
be taken into account in their business strategies and financial plans in such a way
that the effects on the core budget remain as small as possible. The objective is to
aim for CO2-reduction paths that are economically viable for each company and
socially acceptable for the customers of these companies. An example of this is
62
phasing out coal at Wärme Hamburg GmbH, in which the new coal-free production
solution is to be self-funded and generated by the company – and in such a way
that the Senate's price commitment to the district heating customer is met.
Furthermore, additional funds from the Federal Government are required for the
federal states and municipalities in order to meet the enormous financial challenges
of climate mitigation. The Conference of Prime Ministers and Finance Ministers
Conference as well as the German parliament have addressed this issue and passed
appropriate resolutions. What is planned to date for the relevant Federal
Government measures is that the revenues arising under the Federal Government's
climate protection programme remain entirely with the Government. Along with the
other state governments, the Senate will undertake everything in order make a fair
sharing out – announced in the white paper by the Government on their own
Climate protection programme 2030 – of the burden from this imbalance that may
lead to considerable distortions to the well-balanced system of the financial
constitution between Federal Government, states and local authorities set out in
the German Basic Law. This balance should provide scope for a realistic funding
contribution by the Federal Government, including for the Climate Plan measures
outlined here. The considerable income potential from such things as the planned
CO2 pricing (cf. Parliamentary Document 533/19) in particular should be used by
the Federal Government to make an appropriate financial contribution to measures
put in place by the German states and local authorities.
The remaining, as yet not fully specified, additional financial requirements from the
revision of the Hamburg Climate Plan and the accompanying implementation of the
above-mentioned package of measures for the transformation paths, will be
specified and obtained for the financial year 2020 as part of an official report for
additional budget in accordance with Section 35 LHO and for the financial years
from 2021 as part of the budgetary planning process. Budgetary provisions for
appropriate reserves for the 2020 starting year of the Climate Plan revision have
already been made.
63
F. Annexes
Annex 1: Overview of climate measures 2015-2019 including CO2 monitoring and
use of funds
Annex 2: Package of measures: Transformation Path for Heat Transition including
Building Efficiency
Annex 3: Package of measures: Mobility Transition Transformation Path
Annex 4: Package of measures: Economy Transformation Path
Annex 5: Package of measures: Climate Adaptation Transformation
1
Annex 1: Overview of climate measures 2015-2019 including CO2 monitoring and use of funds
Notes:
Measures which have been completed, are not being pursued or have been transferred to another project and which do not make any CO2 savings are shown here for the final time.
Funding = approved funds minus returns. Negative figures occur where the return flows of unused funds were higher than the approved grants for that year.
* Further applications are being processed
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
001 FHH projects with energy providers Not pursued
330,000.00
002 Wind energy in Hamburg: support for expansion continuous implementation
110,000.00 12,336.00 29,252.00 111,621.00 257,712.00
003 Renewable heat: bioenergy expansion (large-scale plants) continuous implementation
100,000.00 98,442.00 108,189.00 103,478.00 107,850.00
004 Renewable heat (IFB funding programme) under implementation -676,779 800,000 500,000 489,445 500,000 22,000.00 5,046.00 5,240.00 5,472.00 6,048.00
005 Heat supply design and strategy and energy-efficiency neighbourhood planning under implementation -1,100,000
10,000.00
33.50 33.50
006 Renewable energies under implementation
5,000.00 1,847.00 2,119.00 2,366.00 2,759.00
007 Energy savings in public buildings with a high base load transferred to another project (035)
806.00 806.00 806.00 806.00
008 Hamburg renewable energies cluster continuous implementation
011 Energy storage for the HPA's photovoltaic systems on Neuwerk transferred to another project (155)
50,000
012 Use of bio-gas in public buildings of the FFH and a series of associated institutions
continuous implementation
2,010.00 2,010.00 2,010.00 2,010.00
014 CHP initiatives (IFB funding programme as part of UfR) under implementation 565,540 850,000
230,400.00 10,038.00 19,263.00 21,276.00 22,364.00
015 Companies for Resource Protection (UfR) (IFB funding programme) expansion under implementation -365,307 1,514,470
400,000 1,400,000 178,000.00 32,681.00 46,337.00 50,593.00 62,256.00
016 Voluntary commitment by industrial companies to implement operational CO2 reductions from 2013-2018
completed, apart from CO2
150,000.00 120,646.00 140,398.00 154,520.00 154,520.00
017 Heating network (IFB funding programme as part of UfR) under implementation 379,900 400,000
40,000.00 6,891.00 7,474.00 9,138.00 9,518.00
018 Energy-efficiency optimisation of air conditioning equipment (IFB funding programme) transferred to another project (015) -426,819
22,000.00 2,458.00 2,824.00 2,824.00 2,891.00
019 Creating climate change mitigation strategies and CO2 accounts in public enterprises under implementation
20,000.00 18,134.00 20,214.00 24,684.00 24,648.00
020 Replacement of lighting systems in the Deichtorhallen completed, apart from CO2
120.00
184.00 184.00 184.00
021 "SmartPORT energy" energy efficiency and renewable energies in the harbour (as part
of UfR)
transferred to another project (015),
apart from CO2
-777
2,924.00 9,372.00 9,372.00 9,372.00
022 PROFI Umwelt (IFB funding programme) under implementation
495,000 400,000 750,000 750,000
023 HK-Energielotsen (On-site advice by Chamber of Commerce) under implementation -93,723 70,000 75,312 75,312 78,316
024 ZEWUmobil (on-site advice by Chamber of Crafts and Trades) under implementation 119,411 140,000 141,983 141,983 145,851
025 ÖKOPROFIT continuous implementation
026 Quality association of environmentally-aware companies (QuB) continuous implementation
027 UmweltPartnerschaft Hamburg (UPHH) continuous implementation
2
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
028 Trades Master Plan (7. Environment) continuous implementation
029 Energy-efficiency modernisation of rented apartments (IFB funding programme) continuous implementation
111,000.00 21,555.00 24,765.00 28,413.00 33,173.00
030 Bündnis für das Wohnen (convention of FHH associations) under implementation
100,000.00
031 Replacement of electric night storage heaters by pumped hot water heating systems (IFB funding programme)
transferred to another project (017) -473,173
83,000.00 744.00 1,014.00 1,257.00 1,403.00
032 Thermal protection in the building stock (IFB funding programme) continuous implementation -500,000 500,000
40,000.00 4,643.00 6,631.00 8,286.00 9,133.00
033 Funding of greater energy efficiency in non-residential buildings (IFB funding programme) under implementation -3,299,377 497,057 1,695,087 1,443,470 2,000,000 24,000.00 909.00 1,323.00 1,885.00 2,141.00
034 New apartment building programme (IFB funding programme) continuous implementation
18,000.00 2,427.00 3,228.00 4,091.00 4,718.00
035 Energy-efficiency refurbishment of public buildings - modernisation of building services
(funding programme) continuous implementation 906,852 4,189,437 1,176,696 2,160,530 2,108,135 8,125.00 2,742.00 4,020.00 5,017.00 5,681.00
036 ELBCAMPUS / EnergieBauZentrum under implementation
037 "IMPULS programme" qualification for architects and tradesmen under implementation
038 Database of CO2 reduction through new building and refurbishment measures of FHH buildings and public institutions
completed
039 Implementation of climate change mitigation as part of the school building outline plan under implementation 1,500,000
6,457.00 5,331.00 10,284.00 14,543.00
040 Implementation of climate change mitigation for vocational schools under implementation
4,496.20
041 Climate mitigation measures for new university buildings (e.g. new build of Sedanstrasse and Geomatikum)
under implementation
2,080.00 2,080.00 2,080.00 5,432.20
042 Energy-efficiency refurbishment of police and fire stations under implementation -388,600 388,600
392.00 157.00
043 Electromobility model region: fast charging stations for electric taxis (Wirtschaft am Strom)
completed -408,360 408,360
158.00 58.00 58.00 34.00
044 Developing Hamburg into a cycling city continuous implementation
3,200.00 25,429.00 14,208.00 82,498.00 100,579.00
045 Expansion of testing battery powered vehicles completed -148,500
55,926
300.00 117.00 301.00 53.00 349.00
046 Electromobility: e-Quartier II completed -279,981 423,578
300.00 25.00 86.00 45.40 2.90
047 Electromobility pilot project: introduction of Smart ED completed
13.00
048 Development and test of alternative drive technologies in the local public transport system (hydrogen, fuel cell, electromobility)
continuous implementation
837.00 938.00 1,401.20 1,244.70
049 Alternative power supply for ships in port under implementation
200.00 458.00
050 Expansion of the Bike+Ride provision under implementation
052 Car-sharing under implementation
6,186.00 6,285.00 6,300.00 7,044.00
053 Energy-efficiency optimisation of traffic lights and public lighting under implementation
3,102.00 5,070.00 5,069.60 5,069.60
054 CO2 compensation for business journeys (flights) continuous implementation
20,000.00 20,000.00
055 Update of guideline for the procurement of vehicles with low CO2 emissions in the public
authority vehicle fleet
continuous implementation
13.00 27.00 33.00 48.00
3
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
056 Improving the local public transport system: incl. bus priority lanes, U4 / S4,
station accessibility, Hamburg Intermodal
continuous implementation
057 Hamburg eco-taxi – partnership for air quality and low-emission mobility continuous implementation
704.00 571.00 437.00 1,365.00
058 Optimising waste management in Hamburg in respect of climate change mitigation (recycling offensive)
continuous implementation
134,000.00
059 Implementation of climate change mitigation and energy policy by Hamburg Water transferred to another project (019)
50,000.00
060
Climate change mitigation guides / energy and climate hotline in the Verbraucherzentrale (consumer advice centre)
under implementation 74,655 74,655 156,938 166,323 172,868
062 Environmentally friendly public procurement continuous implementation
063 "Klimateller" (climate dish) completed
1,041.00 865.00 865.00 865.00
064 More efficient use of paper continuous implementation
065 Green ICT: energy consumption by administration continuous implementation
066 Climate model neighbourhoods under implementation -12,010
070 EnEff:city – IBA Hamburg. Energy-efficiency monitoring of IBA projects completed
073 Energie hoch 4 (formerly fifty/fifty in schools) under implementation
12,500.00
074 Implementing the measures from the school climate action plans continuous implementation 256,000 245,000 300,000 263,000
3,000.00 5,450.00 7,550.00 2,060.00 2,150.00
075 Klimafuchs (formerly fifty/fifty junior) under implementation 144,000
10,113 46,113 14,057 2,500.00 233.00 233.00 233.00 233.00
077 Agentur SchulBaustelle (school building site agency) 2.0 / 3.0 completed
-574
079 Resources, environment, climate change mitigation – setting up a climate change mitigation network at vocational schools (RUK)
transferred to another project (074)
080 Energy savings check in low-income households (Caritasverband Hamburg) continuous implementation
1,948.18 2,560.00 2,904.00 3,275.00
083 Climate research including Climate Campus continuous implementation
086 Monitoring climate impacts continuous implementation 30,000
087 Brochures for informing affected inhabitants about storm surge risks completed 150,000 -17,683
088 Hamburg green roof strategy under implementation
089 Research project on adaptation to the effects of climate change in densely populated inner city neighbourhoods in Hamburg
completed 114,000
091 Monitoring street trees and their resilience towards climate change completed
45,000
093 Monitoring the Hamburg Climate Plan under implementation -80,000 191,066 70,000 -53,177 20,000
094 Memberships (currently: Covenant of Mayors, ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability and Klima-Bündnis)
continuous implementation
096 Deep geothermal energy as the basis for the further development of existing local heat networks
in preparation -754,943
102 Implementation of feasibility studies on improving cycle traffic management in
selected streets under implementation
4
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
103 Bahnhof Harburg bicycle park in preparation
104 Climate ambassadors: pupils become climate observers completed
105 Trades and energy efficiency: expanding education and further training of Hamburg trades
completed
108 Hamburg Energieforschungsverbund (EFH) under implementation
109 Further development of climate project database completed -60,000
110 CO2 reduction via green energy for business trips by train continuous implementation
2,339.00 2,236.00 11,559.00 14,065.00
111 Mobility service points continuous implementation
112 Education programme Wetter.Wasser.Waterkant (weather, water, waterfront) under implementation
80,000 80,000 80,000 80,000
113 Nordkirche climate change mitigation under implementation
114 No school above 200 kWh/m² – technical part completed
115 Bergedorf integrated Climate Action Plan and climate change mitigation management continuous implementation
75,674
116 Procuring measurement equipment for retaining rainwater on green roofs completed
117 Measures from the adaptation action area transferred to another project (245)
119 #moinzukunft communication strategy under implementation 240,000
64,600 125,000 300,000
120 Neuland 23 commercial zone completed
121 Climate model neighbourhood "Tucholsky-Quartier" residential location in Altona-Nord not pursued -50,000
122 Climate model neighbourhood, Billbrook climate change mitigation sub-topic completed
123 Climate model neighbourhoods: Guideline on low temperature networks completed
124 Climate model neighbourhood Hamburg, Binnenhafen energy-efficiency concept completed
125 Hamburg Metropolitan Region, Climate adaptation made easy completed 10,000
126 Climate Plan CO2 monitoring (previously Climate Action Master Plan) transferred to another project (093)
70,000
127 Hamburg e-mobility model region "Hamburg – Wirtschaft am Strom" continuous implementation
50,000
5,500.00 1,649.00 2,097.00 1,943.00 8,085.00
128 Climate neutral parcel shipment by Hamburg administration within Germany under implementation
0.11 0.24 0.12 0.10
129 Norddeutsche EnergieWende (NEW 4.0) under implementation
130 Funding low-emission company mobility under implementation
131 Energy transition project; measures in schools under the Energie hoch 4 project since 2019
under implementation 120,111 63,000 5,898 50,991 80,000
132 Public facilities to purchase green energy continuous implementation
209,172.00 185,734.00 227,591.00 227,591.00
5
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
134 Climate friendly days on the Gut Karlshöhe (Karlshöhe Farm) completed
18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00
135 Reacquisition of the supply networks completed
136 Heat cataster under implementation
137 Raising awareness of the topic of climate: exhibition "jahreszeitHAMBURG" and energy workshop
completed
139 Climate action plans and climate action managers in the districts, general continuous implementation
141 Climate savings book for Hamburg universities completed 109,760
142 Deployment of fuel cell vehicles in companies under implementation 476,000
11.00 43.00 134.80
144 Hamburg Technology Centre Energy Campus (Hamburg University of Applied Sciences) completed
145 Altona Climate Action Plan; advice on getting started completed
52,271
146 Klimaschulen PLUS (schools' climate programme) under implementation
43,000 132,102 64,898 80,000
240.00 95.00
147 Energy-efficiency potential analysis and evaluation for Hamburg Lokstedt district completed
44,641
148 HPA office and Spreehafen workshop at plus-energy house standard completed -13,000
149 Osdorf/Lurup climate model neighbourhood in preparation
50,000
150 Green economy (measures) in preparation
151 Energy advice service for companies for developing an energy management system
(ERDF funding)
under implementation
152 Climate Smart City Hamburg – climate-friendly Lokstedt completed
2,627
153 Practical guide on climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate change in urban development
under implementation
75,000 22,500
154 Advice on getting started and integrated Climate Action Plan for Wandsbek district under implementation
5,775 76,303
155 Energy store for HPA's photovoltaic systems on Neuwerk in preparation
156 Aurubis waste heat under implementation
157 Cost accounting for material flows to increase operating material and resource efficiency under implementation
150,000
158 Clever combinations: climate change mitigation and climate adaptation – area synergies on buildings and in neighbourhoods
under implementation
67,543
159 CREACTIVE for Climate Justice under implementation
90,120
91,170
160 CO2-neutral state administration under implementation
161 Advertising campaigns on IFB funding programmes (energy-efficiency refurbishment, renewable heat/ solar thermal energy, UfR)
under implementation
162 switchh in the suburbs (pilot) not pursued
-50,000
163 Sector coupling storage technologies e.g. buildings and vehicles in preparation
6
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
164 Two positions for greater utilisation of Federal Government and EU funding programmes
(co-funding)
in preparation
165 One position for implementing refurbishment solutions for public buildings (co-funding) in preparation
166 Green roofs and solar panels on public buildings including structural strengthening measures
in preparation
167 Billbrook climate management under implementation
18,729
168 Struensee climate model neighbourhood under implementation
60,000
170 Obtaining certificates under implementation
999,750
30,000.00
171 Energy transition in companies (ERDF funding) under implementation
12,897.00 28,461.00
172 Harburg district Climate Action Plan under implementation
53,728
173 Altonale goes green, climate measures completed
24,775
174 Joint project by the German states for a standardised determination of the CO2 footprint from measures for material efficiency
in preparation
175 National climate-neutral standard postal dispatch by the FHH under implementation
390.00 690.00
176 Climate partner agreement with public enterprises under implementation
177 Hamburg Central Climate Action Plan in preparation
178 Eidelstedt commercial district climate change mitigation sub-topic under implementation
28,400
179 Climate change mitigation sub-topic "Climate change mitigation in industry and commerce" for Schnackenburgallee commercial zone in the Altona district
under implementation
28,800
180 Climate change mitigation sub-topic Mobility in Altona in preparation
40,375
181 Energy-efficiency neighbourhood management in south-east Eißendorf/Bremer Straße under implementation
182 Hamburg energy pass continuous implementation
183 Development of guiding criteria for the energy-efficiency refurbishment of public buildings under implementation
184 Altona climate change mitigation management under implementation
89,409
185 E-cargo bike funding programme under implementation
750,000
186 Education programmes in districts under implementation
9,300
187 #moinzukunft climate fund under implementation
188 Onshore power in preparation
189 Material resources for districts for climate change mitigation in preparation
190 Expansion of PV for the obligation for using PV in the amended Hamburgisches
Klimaschutzgesetz (Hamburg Climate Protection Law) (new build and roof replacement
of existing buildings)
in preparation
200 Increasing the height of public flood protection systems continuous implementation
7
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
201 Designations of types of buildings adapted to flooding in planning law and building approval
transferred to another project (153)
202 Adaptation of private flood protection in the port and the city continuous implementation
204 Increasing surface water retention transferred to another project (208)
205 Warning service for inland flooding transferred to another project (208)
206 Taking account of climate change in risk areas and flood risk management plans
transferred to another project (208)
207 Identifying and checking flood zones completed
208 Implementing the "Structural Plan Rainwater 2030" (RISA) under implementation 1,261,500
211 Climate model neighbourhood Sülldorf S3: living in Osterfeld in Sülldorf completed -11,440
212 Climate model neighbourhood HafenCity transferred to another project (066)
213 Urban climate inventory and climate change scenario 2050 completed
45,000
214 Urban climate concept in the landscape programme completed
217 Development and safeguarding the biotope network in a changing climate continuous implementation
218 Nature conservation and landscape management measures to adapt to climate change continuous implementation
219 Adaptation measures in care facilities, particularly for heat stress continuous implementation
220 Information brochures on heat, ticks, Ambrosia (ragweed), pollen, infectious diseases completed
221 Monitoring and duty of notification for certain infectious diseases under implementation
222 Research and monitoring for climate-related vectors and reservoirs under implementation
20,000
223 Cooperation with the Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt (Northwest German Forest Research Station)
continuous implementation
224 Land regulation procedure for safeguarding and managing agricultural areas completed
225 Development of new industrial/business sites on conversion areas completed
226 Continuation of the river engineering and sediment management strategies for the Port of Hamburg
continuous implementation
227 Regional groundwater flow model for groundwater management strategy completed
228 Implementation of the inner city sewer relief programme under implementation
229 Implementation of the Bergedorf sewer repair plan completed
231 Involving volunteers i.e. aid organisations in civil protection and in the emergency services continuous implementation
233 Adapting the currently applicable guidelines for emergency response continuous implementation
237 Climate service providers and climate services in Hamburg continuous implementation
Project
ID
Funding in euros
CO2 target 2020
Acc. to Senate
document Master
plan 2013
CO2 reduction achieved in tonnes
Measure Implementation status
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019* 2015 2016 2017 2018
238 Researching the costs and economic contexts of climate change completed
240 Photo competition for schools on climate change completed 25,000
241 Surveying the evaporation and cooling capacity of soils completed
242 Creation / provision of new nature conservation sites for future climate changes completed 78,000
243 Warning and informing the public and businesses in the port (risk communication) continuous implementation
244 Kreetsand pilot project for dyke relocation and creation of additional tidal volume under implementation
245 Creation of green roofs on schools under implementation 554,748 211,264 797,000
246 Replanting urban trees completed 1,500,000
247 Spot-ON Hamm-Horn integrated open space plan completed
50,000
248 Recording hydrological data to improve climate change information in water management models as part of monitoring the impact of climate change
completed
70,000 30,000
250 Hydrological modelling of rainfall runoff behaviour under implementation
100,000
95,314
251 Research project on pilot measures for tree drains under implementation
10,710 163,268
253 Cooperation with the Chamber of Crafts and Trades on adaptation to the effects of climate change
under implementation
19,635
19,992
254 NEwIS – rainwater drainage information system under implementation
500,000
257 Implementation of RISA measures in preparation
258 Klimawandel Norddeutschland (climate change in North Germany), 6th regional
conference of the Federal Government and the North German states in preparation
as at 29.11.2019
1
Annex 2
Package of measures: Transformation Path for Heat Transition including Building Efficiency
Heat transition
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implemen
-tation
period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
Top level objective: decarbonisation of the heat transition
PHH
TCS
Industry
Creation of incentives for the use of hybrid
heat supply systems (sector coupling
technologies, power-to-X, renewable
energy heating systems, storage)
by 2030 1,200
TCS
Industry
Integration of RE for process heat
generation in industry and commerce (
see Economy Transformation Path)
2020-2030 Proportion of RE in process heat
PHH
TCS
Increasing the share of RE in the heat
supply (IFB funding programme for
renewable heat)
by 2030 Number of funded projects
Share of RE in the final energy
demand (for room heating and
hot water)
7,800
Local heat supply
PHH
TCS
Industry
Standardisation of the IFB funding and
harmonisation with KfW funding
programmes
by 2030 Number of funding cases
(total, broken down by
programmes if relevant)
TCS Increase proportion of biogas to 5% for
public buildings and public companies
Future potential for power-to-gas
from 2022
Total CO2 reduction measures
for heat transition without
building efficiency
9,000
of which
PHH 2,124,
TCS 6,720,
Industry 156
Collective heat supply
PHH
TCS
Industry
Implementation of business plan for the
heating company (expert monitoring)
2019-2030 Progress with implementing
the business plan, e.g.
CO2 factor of district heating
PHH
TCS
Industry
Decarbonisation of district heating
Replacement of Wedel dominates the
savings (from 2025)
Conversion of Tiefstack dominates the
savings (from 2030)
Possible instrument:
Obligatory CO2 phased plan for all heating
network companies in Hamburg (i.e.
cooperation agreement with a CO2 phased
plan)
2025-2050
by 2025
2025-2030
- District heating mix CO2 factor
- Lowering the return
temperature
- Specific CO2 emissions of the
replacement solution and the
total district heating
- RE share
from 2025 approx. (300,000-)350,000
from 2030 approx. 550,000 (total approx. 600,000 t, for additional 50,000 t see "Exploitation of
additional renewable
energies for
replacement of coal
combustion in
Tiefstack)
2
PHH
TCS
Industry
Infrastructure measures: Densification and
extension of heating networks; including:
2021-2050 - Power line length
- Number of connected
customers
- Proportion of final energy demand from district heating
3
Heat transition
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implemen
-tation
period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
TCS
Industry
# Exploitation of waste heat potential from
industrial or commercial processes and
from individual building CHP in existing or
new heat networks (industrial)
boundary with Economy TP
from 2021 Quantity of heat supplied in
MWh/year
TCS
Industry
# Development of large/central RE
generation potentials for district supply or
integration in existing heat networks
(probably by increase of renewable heat
funding programme)
2020-2030 CO2 reduction
shown in the
following two
measures
PHH
TCS
Industry
New heat networks (or sub-networks)
using renewable energies and waste
heat for new build and existing areas
from 2023 - Number of new stand-alone systems
- "disconnected
neighbourhoods" with
reduction in return/supply
- specific CO2 factor
11,000
PHH
TCS
Industry
# Densification/ extension of existing heat
networks
2020-2022
from 2023
CO2 reduction
shown in the
"additional
measures"
(decarbonisation of
district heat).
PHH
TCS
Industry
# Connection to heat network for
existing buildings
from 2021 CO2 reduction
shown in
"additional
measures" (new
heat networks,
densification).
PHH
TCS
Industry
# Renovation of existing heat networks
(e.g. removal of hydraulic restrictions)
25,000
PHH
TCS
Industry
# Investment in large RE systems for
complete decarbonisation (large heat
pumps, biomass, large-scale solar thermal
energy, seasonal storage)
Impact on CO2
reduction
estimated in the
measure
"densification and
expansion of the
heat network".
PHH
TCS
Industry
Other networks
CO2 saving by using green hydrogen
(as part of the Norddeutsches
Reallabor - North German Practical
Laboratory)
Specific CO2 emissions
from all district heating
17,000
Total CO2 reduction
District heating (the total is not used in
the package of measures, but in the
district heating factor)
603,000,
of which PHH
283,410,
CTS 241,200,
Industry 78,390
4
Heat transition
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implemen
tation
period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
Collective heat supply
PHH
TCS
Industry
Development of additional renewable
energies for replacement of coal
combustion in Tiefstack
by 2030 50,000
Total CO2 reduction
from district heating (total included in
the package of measures)
50,000
of which
PHH 23,500,
CTS 20,000,
Industry 6,500
5
Building
efficiency
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implemen-tation period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
PHH
TCS
Portfolio target for the average building stock by 2050: KfW efficiency house 55 in accordance with the Federal Government Energy Efficiency Strategy for Buildings and the Hamburg Climate Plan (Senate document 21/2521)
2050
PHH TCS
Create additional building capacity, e.g. set up a round table with associations and chambers of commerce and launch further initiatives for the skills shortage
2020/21
Implementation feasibility study in order to obtain more detailed information on the Hamburg housing stock and its possibilities and potential, and to integrate the housing sector as a cooperation partner for this:
1. To be checked: Increase refurbishment quality and rate in building stock. Instrument: Amendment to the Climate Protection Ordinance
PHH
TCS
2. To be checked: Phased refurbishment within a multi-stage model, i.e. obligatory refurbishment of the buildings with the worst energy rating first (cf. Berlin multi-stage model) Take note of hardship ruling
by 2020
2025
567,000
For refurbishment rate of
2.0%/a
3. To be checked: Start with incentive via grants, followed by implementation of regulatory law
4. Further development of FHH State grants and participation in developing Federal funding
5. To be checked: Funding a phased refurbishment of buildings with the aim of complete refurbishment by 2050
TCS
PHH
Recommendation: Establish refurbishment schedules for individual buildings as a basis for refurbishment where there is no energy performance certificate
Increase and possibly extend funding for refurbishment schedules
by 2020 2050
Number of refurbishment
schedules
6
Building
efficiency
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implemen-tation period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
1. e.g. number of consultations carried out
PHH
TCS
1. Develop a low-threshold, mobilising, building-related energy advice service 2. To be checked: Funding programme for user behaviour and systems technology
Link to the refurbishment schedule measure for individual buildings
2030
2. e.g.
-Number of events carried out
- Funding cases following advice - Level of funding
e.g. from the "renewable heat" programme after advice
PHH
Introduce standard refurbishment with pre-fabricated construction elements for greater efficiency (Energiesprong)
Carry out pilot projects in Hamburg
ongoing up to 2030
PHH
TCS
To be checked: Reinforce implementation in existing building stock by random inspections
by 2030
PHH
Continuation and further development of funding programme: modernisation of rented apartments
- Suspension of grants for oil heating - Examination of the scope for increasing the proportion of renewable energies for funded heating systems
ongoing Number of funded living units in 2018: 1843 LU
see measure, implementation feasibility study item 2: Phased refurbishment/ assessment of
multi-stage plan
Examination of the technical feasibility of further requirements for reducing CO2 emissions
PHH
Continuation and further development of funding programme: Modernisation of rented apartments in integrated district development zones
- Suspension of grants for oil heating - Examination of the scope for increasing the proportion of renewable energies for funded heating systems
ongoing Number of funded living units in 2018: 0 LU
see measure, implementation feasibility study item 2: Phased refurbishment/ assessment of
multi-stage plan
Examination of the technical feasibility of further requirements for reducing CO2 emissions
PHH
Continuation and further development of funding programme: Modernisation of student and apprentice accommodation
- Suspension of grants for oil heating - Examination of the scope for increasing the proportion of renewable energies for funded heating systems
ongoing Number of funded living units in 2018: 0 LU
see measure, implementation feasibility study item 2: Phased refurbishment/ assessment of
multi-stage plan
Examination of the technical feasibility of further requirements for reducing CO2 emissions
PHH
Continuation and further development of funding programme: Thermal protection in the building stock
- Suspension of grants for oil heating
ongoing Number of funded living units in 2018: 668 LU
see measure, implementation feasibility study
item 2:
7
Building
efficiency
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
- Examination of the scope for increasing the proportion of renewable energies for funded heating systems
Phased refurbishment/ assessment of
multi-stage plan
Examination of the technical feasibility of further requirements for reducing CO2 emissions
TCS
1. Implementation and further development of the guiding criteria for energy-efficiency refurbishment of public buildings (including schools, universities, offices)
2. Application of the "Guiding criteria for the energy-saving refurbishment of public buildings" to further public companies (work towards this through senate/competent sectoral ministries)
3. Refurbishment plans and schedules for the building stock of public companies (work towards this through senate/competent sectoral ministries)
2030
CO2 savings in tonnes per
year compared to refurbishment/new build at
EnEV level
48,000
4. Commitment by the property holder of non-residential public buildings including buildings of public companies to implement the climate policy building targets e.g. specification of average CO2 target characteristic values for buildings, implementation of refurbishment schedules, etc.
by 2020
2025
TCS
Continue energy-efficiency refurbishment of public buildings – modernisation of building services (funding programme)
by 2030
Number of funding cases
Energy report for public buildings (Energy
consumption, CO2 balance sheet)
See measure for implementing
guiding criteria
PHH TCS
Legal obligation for the building stock on use of renewable energies for the heat energy demand when replacing old heating systems (like Baden-Württemberg)
by 2022 Proportion of RE in building stock,
Refurbishment rate and quality
PHH
To be checked: Binding standard KfW efficiency house 55 for new residential buildings and funding for KfW efficiency house 40. Possibility of developing a "Hamburg building efficiency standard"
2021
CO2 savings in tonnes per year compared to a new building at EnEV level
42,000
for 10,000 LU/a
TCS
From 2022, new buildings and extensions to public buildings (including schools, universities, offices) will be constructed to at least the Standard Efficiency House 40. Similar objectives must be developed for special uses. (Corresponding to the German Government's Climate mitigation programme 2030 for public federal buildings)
2022
PHH
Continuation and further development of energy grants in the subsidised new development of rental apartments
- Suspension of grants for oil heating
- Examination of the scope for increasing the proportion of renewable energies for funded heating systems
ongoing Number of funded living units in 2018: 787 LU
See measure: Standards for new residential development
8
Building
efficiency
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
Examination of the technical feasibility of further requirements for reducing CO2 emissions
TCS
Further development and extension of the Hamburg funding for non-residential buildings
2030
CO2 savings in tonnes/year compared to
refurbishment or new build at EnEV level
7,000
TCS
Development of energy-efficiency refurbishment
potential in the trade, commerce and services
non-residential building sector by
1. Doubling the financial volume of the "Energy efficiency funding programme for non-residential buildings"
2. Compliance with the DGNB gold standard (or comparable standard) as a minimum requirement for the assignment of urban areas with core area uses and preferably also for mixed area uses (see also Economy Transformation Path)
3. Setting up a practical case study for ambitious energy refurbishment of commercial non-residential buildings in Hamburg
4. Expansion of the on-the-spot advice on the scope for energy-efficiency refurbishment and funding opportunities in commercial and industrial zones, especially for commercial non-residential buildings, e.g. through climate change mitigation management (like the Billbrook example with a climate change mitigation management for implementing the Billbrook climate change mitigation sub-topic): see also Economy Transformation Path
2030
60,000
1. General further development of energy neighbourhood approaches e.g. evaluation and scope for further development of the Horner Geest SAGA neighbourhood plan
PHH
TCS
2. Create energy refurbishment plans e.g. in accordance with the KfW programme 432 "City energy refurbishment" for existing neighbourhoods. Use synergies with other neighbourhood plans e.g. the integrated district development in RISE funding zones
3. Refurbishment management for neighbourhoods to implement refurbishment plans, expand and secure across funding periods e.g. for the KfW programme 432 "City energy refurbishment"
to 2050 with
interim goal 2030
4. A minimum of two energy refurbishment plans funded by Federal Government will be carried out per district, e.g. in accordance with KfW 432
5. Development of criteria to identify areas with a high energy demand and high CO2 emissions, possibly based on the heat cataster
9
Building
efficiency
Sector
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast
CO2 reduction
in t/a by 2030
PHH
TCS
1. Recommendation: Implementation of the Federal Government's guideline on sustainable building for public buildings, including schools, universities and offices (see also Climate Plan, Senate document 21/2521)
2. Preliminary design development of a Hamburg timber building strategy
3. Development of a framework paper on dealing with grey energy, with the aim of minimising CO2 emissions in the life cycle of buildings
2020
2022
2022
Reduction of CO2 emissions, reduction of grey energy, use of resources (all indicators in comparison to business as
usual)
43,000 PHH
2,000 TCS (taking account of upstream chain)
PHH TCS
Optimise funding programme advertising
by 2025
Total CO2 reduction from building efficiency
769,000
of which
652,000 PHH
117,000 TCS
1
Annex 3
Package of measures: Mobility Transition Transformation Path
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
1. Expansion of the public transport system: Supply-oriented public transport
Target:
Increasing the public transport share of total traffic (journeys) from the current 22% to 30% by 2030
Supply-oriented public transport "Rapid transit railway strategy" - existing network
Includes both the expansion of the HOCHBAHN and S-Bahn services and measures to ensure operational stability.
Measures: Service offensives I + II for the U-Bahn
by 2021
Adapting the U-Bahn infrastructure
Requirement for a capacity increase of 50% (particularly on the U3), greater operating stability and convenience for passenger interchange, including additional maintenance costs
by start of the 2030s
Additional maintenance costs for U-Bahn Modernisation of the existing network (track infrastructure) / compact bundling of maintenance operations with the aim of a reliable operation in the "Hamburg-Takt" (campaign for more efficient transport); including additional personnel and energy costs
by 2030
Number of HVV
passengers
Share of modal split
Customer satisfaction
Percentage of barrier-free U-Bahn and S-Bahn stops
360,000 (by
transferring MIT to public
transport)
261,000 (electricity
quality)
Adapting U-Bahn signal system for U2/U4 Is a requirement for the necessary service frequencies for forecast increase in passenger numbers and enables rapid reduction of late trains in case of faults
by 2030
Procurement of DT6 vehicles for the U-Bahn
Required for commissioning the U5 Bramfeld-City Nord line
phased procurement from mid-2020s to 2030
Procurement of DT5 vehicles for the U-Bahn
Requirement for additional services in the existing U-Bahn network by the mid-2020s
by 2024
Additional more frequent U-Bahn services by 2025 Final expansion to U-Bahn network services without infrastructure measures
by 2025
More frequent services including "Paket Harburg" and "Paket Bergedorf" and extension of existing S-Bahn lines Expansion of services and capacities
by 2030
2
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
S-Bahn connection Kaltenkirchen (S21) and introduction of S32 Elbgaustraße-Harburg Rathaus
by 2025
S-Bahn connection Rahlstedt and Ahrensburg/ Bad Oldesloe
by 2025/27
Procurement of ET 490 vehicles for the S-Bahn for S4, S21/S32 and more frequent services
by 2025
Digital S-Bahn / renovation of switch tower (Altona West/ Harburg/ City)
by 2030
Improved reliability of S-Bahn network through sustainable upgrading of the control and signalling equipment, construction of additional fences and platform gates
ongoing
Upgrading S-Bahn main station platforms (platforms 1-4)
by 2022
Refurbishment of S-Bahn station Harburg by 2022
Supply-oriented public transport: "S-Bahn Strategy" - network expansion
Preliminary planning of U4 extension Kleiner Grasbrook
2020 start of preliminary planning
U5 Bramfeld - Stellingen
Partial commissioning of U5 Bramfeld to City-Nord by 2030
Underground stop Fuhlsbüttler Straße by end of 2020s
U-Bahn stop Oldenfelde Commissioning December 2019
U4 extension Horner Geest 2027
S-Bahn stop Elbbrücken Commissioning 2019
Expansion of S-Bahn stop Berliner Tor 2030
S-Bahn stop Ottensen Commissioning December 2020
Construction of S4
Full commissioning 2027; partial commissioning to Rahlstedt 2025
Accessibility on the suburban railways
ongoing, all S-Bahn stops accessible by mid 2020s
Optimising suburban railway capacity Harburg-Altona
by 2025
Supply-oriented public transport "Bus strategy"
The bus service should offer reliable minimum frequencies, more direct connections and extended routes. The aim is to increase bus passenger numbers by up to 50% by 2030.
see above
3
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Programme to improve the bus system
Expansion target A: short-term to 2024 , Expansion target B: medium-term from 2019-2025
Number of HVV
passengers
Share of modal split
Customer satisfaction
Percentage of barrier-free U-Bahn and S-Bahn stops
Expansion of MetroBus network Comprehensive expansion of the MetroBus network through new routes, extension of existing routes and increased frequency (including personnel, energy and maintenance costs)
in phases1 by 2030
Introduction and expansion of the QuartierBusNetz
in phases by 2030
Expansion of Xpressbusnetz in phases by 2030
Expansion of Stadtbus-Netz in phases by 2030
Fleet growth (zero emission) in phases by 2030
New bus service depots Expansion of depot infrastructure for growing bus fleet
in phases by 2030
Supply-oriented public transport "On-Demand Strategy"
Gaps in the system will be closed through on-demand-transport as a feeder to existing public transport and direct connections.
Setting up an on-demand-service integrated in the public transport system
To implement the 5-minute service promise throughout Hamburg (particularly in non-central areas)
by 2030
Further expansion of mobility hubs (switchh-points)
by 2030
Linking services to micro mobility via public transport
Applies in particular to the last mile concept for implementing the 5-minute-service promise throughout Hamburg
by 2030
Supply-oriented public transport "Service Strategy"
Switching from private passenger cars to public mobility services will only happen when the quality of the services matches people's individual needs. It is only through the quality of the service that it will first become known, then familiar and accepted, and finally preferred.
see above
Modernisation of rapid transit railway stops Greater convenience, more information and faster passenger interchange
in phases by 2030
Modernisation of the passenger management system for rapid transit railway and bus Better information for customers
in phases by 2030
Improvement and integration of fault information systems
in phases by 2030
1 in line with the growing vehicle fleet
4
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Synchronising digital and analogue fault information. Expanding real-time information.
Expansion of digital information systems in phases by 2030
Expansion of digital sales systems in phases by 2030
Mobility platform (HVV Switchh App) Intelligent and efficient linking of the services on a single platform
in phases by 2030
District bus stop programme to implement the "Hamburg-Takt" in the local public transport system
Expanding the bus transport service will require upgrading of large bus interchanges and construction of new stops on the new routes
in phases by 2030
2. Further development of HVV tariff
Make the HVV commuter ticket i.e. ProfiTicket more attractive for companies and employees.
One possible option is including a ProfiTicket for employees in the contracts of employment.
2022
see above
Introduction of an apprentice ticket in summer 2020 involving participation of companies supplying training
Phased lowering of tariffs for school children over 5 years with the aim of becoming free of charge
3. Promoting cycling
Target:
Increasing proportion of cycling to 25%
An increase to 30% is aimed at in the longer term
2030
298,000
Measures
from topic blocks 3.,4., 5. and 7.:
(from modal
shift and general development of
vehicle fleet)
Implementation of cycle route plan by 2030
Percentage of
modal split
Cyclists counted
Number of kilometres of extended cycle paths
Planning and construction of cycle highways Planning by 2020, Construction from 2021
Expand and further develop StadtRAD ongoing
Service and communication in cycle transport 2018-2020
Funding programme for cargo bikes Implementation from 10/2019
Number of grants
Strengthen implementation of bike parks ongoing Modal split
Programme for storage facilities for districts (public bike parks):
ongoing
Modal split
5
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Promote and support measures in the metropolitan region and steer commuters onto the public transport system
ongoing
Assess effects of regional measures (metropolitan region) in relation to their impact on CO2 reduction in Hamburg
ongoing
Cycling-friendly neighbourhoods ongoing
Incentives for increasing city centre quality and for changing the mode of transport through additional car-free zones in the city centre
ongoing
4. Intermodal schemes & mobility management/ short-range mobility
Target:
Mobility efficiency (analogous to energy efficiency) and mobility management: Improving the digital infrastructure and optimising the physical linking of different types of transport (passenger car, public transport, cycling, pedestrians).
ongoing to 2030
District mobility management for developing sub-area or thematic mobility solutions (e.g. focus on cargo bikes, funding neighbourhood e-mobility, expansion of sharing schemes, etc.).
Setting up district mobility plans for neighbourhoods. Fundamentally necessary for new developments or schemes in existing neighbourhoods over approx. 100 LU
ongoing
Number of private
passenger cars per 1,000 residents
Number of car-sharing
vehicles
Number of MSP points
Total stock new
Expand car-sharing ongoing
Expand mobility service points (Switchh)
ongoing
Expand B+R by 2025
Encourage pedestrian traffic by optimising and upgrading pavements
ongoing
Improving parking space management ongoing
Ride sharing by 2030
Partnership for air quality and low-emission mobility (air quality partnership)
by 2020
Number of air quality partners
Company mobility (e.g. StadtRad, charging stations, home-office schemes)
ongoing
5. Modernisation of bus and train fleets / drives
Bus fleet modernisation by HOCHBAHN and VHH
ongoing Proportion of electric and hybrid buses in the total fleet
6
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Changing the entire bus fleet over to alternative drives
2030
Replacement of the AKN route A1 by the S21 Start of construction 2023, commissioning 2025
6. E-mobility2 and other alternative drives plus alternative fuels e.g. power fuels
Target:
Increasing the proportion of e-vehicles to 14%.
The aim is to reach a 20% share, depending on Federal Government measures.
2030
98,000
Continue expansion and operation of publicly
accessible charging infrastructure for e-
vehicles
from 2020
Number of publicly
accessible charging points
Speed up expansion of private charging infrastructure for e-vehicles through
- Federal Government funding programmes
- Establishing a legal framework WEG/BGB (Home Ownership Act/German Civil Code)
by 2025
Complete changeover to e-drives (including hydrogen) for taxis and hire cars through
- Taxi funding programme
- Changes to the necessary legislation
such as e.g. the Federal Government's
Personenbeförderungsgesetz
(passenger transportation act)
2021-2023
Number of electrified taxis and hire cars
Complete switch from ride-sharing / pooling services to passenger transport via e-drive (including hydrogen) by changing the necessary legislation such as e.g. the Federal Government's Personenbeförderungsgesetz (passenger transportation act)
2025
Complete electrification of car-sharing fleets and discontinue conventional car-sharing vehicles via legal framework e.g. regulation implementing the Federal Government's car-sharing act
2024
Proportion of electrified
car-sharing vehicles
Increasing the proportion of electrically operated passenger cars (passenger cars as defined by the FHH procurement guideline) in the vehicle fleet
- of the FFH to 100 per cent (excluding emergency vehicles belonging to the police, fire brigade, State Office for Protection of the Constitution, the Foreigners' Authority and the Tax Authority)
- of public companies with a passenger vehicle fleet to 75 per cent
2030
Proportion of electric drive vehicles in the FHH fleet
Creation of a regulatory basis for the introduction of an e-vehicle quota in fleets of >50 vehicles
2022
7
2 The projects for electric drives include hydrogen vehicles.
8
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Extensive electrification of terminal traffic in ports (CTA, CTB, CTT and Eurogate)
2026
Promoting the development and deployment of vehicles driven by hydrogen, e.g. additional pilot projects, support for their use in fleets.
Hydrogen strategy
ongoing
7. Business logistics (rail transport, delivery traffic)
Modernisation of port railway by 2025
2,227
Expansion of LNG tank infrastructure for large and small lorries as an interim solution
by 2030
Package of measures "smartPORT logistics"
by 2025
Analysis for identifying neighbourhoods with especially high need for action
by 2021
Setting up and operation of a digital supply platform
by 2030
Number of participating companies, number of packages delivered via the platform
Creation of a central municipal contact point for all matters relating to delivery traffic
by 2025 Number of contacts at the contact point
Information campaign for delivery traffic for citizens and the general public
ongoing
Number of campaigns
Baseline study of the infrastructural needs of electric cargo bikes
by 2022
not possible
Implementation of cargo bike parking zones by 2024 Number of cargo bike parking zones
Voluntary self-limitation in the port to lorries
with Euro V and Euro VI standard
by 2025
Percentage of vehicles in the
port with Euro standards 5
and 6
Development and implementation of city-
wide "Last Mile" concept (for measures
see below)
concept
development by
end of 2019
Number of measures
implemented by 2030
Smart charging and delivery zones
(introducing a booking system for charging
zones will reduce driving around to find
parking and double parking as well as the
number of stops)
2019-2023
Number of digitalised
charging and supply zones,
number of bookings
Test areas / Real-world laboratories for
trialling innovative low-emission delivery
solutions
ongoing
Number of pilot projects/year
Feasibility study on the use of inner city
waterways for commercial transport
2020-2021
not possible
9
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO 2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Zero-emission delivery (e.g. by cargo bike)
from micro-hubs
2020 - 2025
Number of micro-hubs,
number of packages
delivered by cargo bike
Introduction of pick-up points (delivery of
private packages to the workplace) in all
public offices
2019 - 2025
Number of pick-up points
Expansion of digital hub logistics as a physical place for sustainable and digital innovations in the logistics sector (innovation incubator for new [digital] business models in logistics)
ongoing
not possible
Implementation of the INTERREG-Europe SMOOTH PORTS project with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions by optimised transport routes in goods clearance processes in ports
August 2019 - January 2023
no data available
8. Shipping
Construction of a shore-side power system for container ships and one for cruise ships at the HafenCity and Steinwerder terminals
2020-2023
43,000
Alongside the construction of the shore-side power system at the cruise ship terminals, the ministries involved will work towards the development of appropriate regulations, possibly in cooperation with other European cruise ship locations, to ensure that in future only cruise ships adapted to shore-side power or ships with comparable environmental standards will put into the Port of Hamburg.
Expanding inland shipping, particularly through improving the infrastructural connection of the port to the German inland waterways plus increasing digitalisation (Elbe 4.0).
Application and testing projects by 2022
Infrastructure by 2035
Tonnes of CO2 saved per average lay time
Increasing the proportion of inland shipping in the modal split of hinterland transport by one per cent point by 2022 and by a further per cent point by 2035 in comparison to the base year with a simultaneous decrease in the lorry percentage.
Zero-emission Alster shipping: Boats belonging to Alstertouristik ATG, escort boats for sports clubs etc. and possibly the river police operate with zero-emission electrical drives
Create accompanying legal framework
2030
Agreement on a package of regulations which are the same or have the same effect and ensure that e.g. CO2 emissions from ships are significantly reduced in the medium- and long-term, based on conditions of equal competition.
by 2050
10
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
This agreement needs to ensure a real reduction of e.g. CO2 (and also NOX, sulphur and particulates) and contain specific key points in terms of methods, limit values, measures and prices. It should also define common specific targets for e.g. the implementation of zero emission at berth and a competitive, preferably break-even land-side power solution.
Smart Ocean applied research (Fraunhofer
Center for Maritime Logistics): Topic range
includes zero-emission transshipment and
transport at ports, resource-saving shipping
and innovative solutions for shipbuilding,
with the development and testing of new
maritime technologies
2019-2024
Expansion of Fraunhofer
CML product portfolio to e.g.
the topics of green shipping
and zero-emission TTS
technologies
9. Air transport / Airport operation
Infrastructure
"Replacement" of old air freight building by Hamburg Airport Cargo Center HACC3
since 2016
Hamburg Airport:
procurement of luggage handling vehicles with alternative drives based on natural gas or electricity and six natural gas passenger vehicles
Mid-2013 - 2020
"Mobility concept 2020"
175
Continuation of the "Mobility concept 2020": alternative drives for vehicles
2020 - 2030
"Mobility concept 2020"
1,000
Hamburg Airport: Use of synthetic fuel (e.g. GtL) in place of fossil diesel in the airport's ground vehicle fleet
since 2017
2,290
Aircraft
Changing the ground power unit from fuel oil to synthetic fuel (e.g. GtL) for the external power supply to aircraft at remote positions and on the pier, so that the aircraft's own auxiliary engine (APU) can be turned off. The power supply is set up via the passenger pier and mobile units.
GtL at the remote positions from 2020
1,270
3 Hamburg Airport Cargo Center (HACC) is a logistics facility for handling companies and forwarders
11
Mobility transition
(Key) Measure
Implementation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in
t/a by 2030
Further development of emission-linked landing fees
ongoing
To be checked: Create incentive system for airlines to use jet fuel with an admixture of synthetic kerosene, if available on the market
2030
The Flughafen Hamburg GmbH (FHG) is resolutely pursuing the goal of having aircraft in Hamburg fuelled mainly by sustainable fuel in the form of synthetic kerosene as soon as possible. Along with its partners, the FHG will work towards supplying the greatest possible proportion of synthetic kerosene as quickly as possible.
The FHG will also use all available opportunities to obtain a suitable supply by the fuel service provider at the airport, as soon as synthetic kerosene is available in adequate quantities on the market.
being trialled from 2019
Increased deployment of new aircraft models (Airbus A 320 neo, and Boeing 737 new generation)
by 2030
Traffic optimisation system for the apron (Follow the Greens)
from 2019
1,500
Total CO2 reduction
1,068,462
(of which
43,000 land-side electricity
for ships)
1
Annex 4
Package of measures: Economy Transformation Path
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
-tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
Alliances / Networks / Master plans
Industry "Hamburg Alliance for the Industry of the Future"
A range of measures are presented under the individual topic areas.
Industry Development of a hydrogen economy network
The main focus of the network is on the decarbonisation of the energy and transport systems
ongoing since 2018
Promotion of the hydrogen economy in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region
Requires expert assessment
Industry 2. Energy efficiency network (EEN) of Hamburg industry 2019-2021 75,000
Industry Energy efficiency network of the food, drinks and tobacco industry
2018-2021 30,000
Industry Additional energy efficiency networks (follow-up networks of existing EEN and/or establishment of new EEN)
250,000
Industry Public enterprises as climate partners 2018-2020 140,000
Industry Public enterprises as climate partners – new agreements from 2021
2021-2025
2026-2030
250,000
TCS
Industry
Expansion of the joint network of active companies within the UmweltPartnerschaft Hamburg (UPHH) (Eco-Partnership)
TCS CO2-saving measures by the active Eco-Partners 35,000
TCS
Industry
PV initiatives / platform for solar roof panels for companies
TCS Carrying out on-the-spot campaigns by the Handelsverband Deutschland (HDE) (German trade association) and the Handelsverband Nord e.V. (HV Nord) (trade association for north Germany) as part of the climate change mitigation offensive by traders
from 2019
Industry Considerations on institutionalising the Energieforschungsverbund Hamburg (EFH) (Energy Research Network Hamburg)
The alliance of five Hamburg universities to promote energy research in Hamburg focuses on topics such as decarbonisation.
ongoing since 2013 (on a project basis)
Funding energy research in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region
TCS
Industry
Greater incorporation of climate change mitigation and environmental efficiency in the clusters:
- Hamburg renewable energies (EEHH) cluster - Hamburg Aviation (HAv) cluster - Maritime Cluster North Germany (MCN)
(along with Lower Saxony NI, Bremen HB, Schleswig-Holstein SH and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern MV)
- Life Science North (LSN) Cluster (along with SH)
ongoing since
2011
2001
2011
2004
Industry Updating industry master plan
2
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
-tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
TCS Revision of crafts and trades master plan:
- State programme Qualification in trades (ESF programme Hamburg Weiterbildungsbonus [Further Education Bonus])
- Environmental advisory services by
the Chamber of Crafts and Trades:
EnergieBauZentrum
SolarZentrum
ZEWUmobil
- Education and qualification services at the Elbcampus
Existing measures
Number of qualification measures
Number of consultations
Number of further education and qualification measures
Industry
(in some
cases
CTS)
Campaign "clean:tech inside"
Linking the commitment to clean, sustainable technologies and their application with the MINT promotion of young talent in schools and formation of an alliance of companies for this
2020-2025 Participants / schools / companies
Advice / Information / Further training
TCS Industry
Climate change mitigation sub-topics for large commercial and industrial sites
- Identification of up to six large sites which will be examined for their potential for climate change mitigation or adaptation measures
- Appointment of climate change mitigation managers in each of the district offices for setting up and subsequent implementation
2020-2029 Number of companies given advice
Reductions result from the climate change mitigation sub-topics
TCS Implementation of an agreed strategy for extensive advertising of environmental, climate change mitigation and adaptation measures in SMEs (focus on manufacturing industry and production-related services)
- Topical focus (1 topic per year, the first two topics should be particularly easy from the company's viewpoint)
- Area-wide (site tour with 28-35 events per year which cover all 200 commercial sites)
- Sustainable: o Coordinated with existing environmental
partnership information, advice and network services, with the aim of mutual support
o Close integration with advisory and perhaps funding schemes which will be increased accordingly
o Local anchoring through provision of additional capacities for funding environmental and climate topics in economic development at district level
o Checking the strategy after three years and adapting if necessary
o Reproducible: potential for extending to other topics or the metropolitan region
2020-2029 Per year:
35 specific events
1,000 participating companies
200 additional advisory services provided
50 company projects initiated
Partly included in other measures such as UfR (Companies for resource protection), advisory services
3
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
-tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
Further development and advertising of funding programmes
TCS Adaptation of the funding guideline "Companies for Resource Protection" (UfR) to expanded funding goals and project funding
- Feasibility studies or individual on-site advice for SMEs
- Auxiliary funding via the UfR programme for large projects for changes to production processes
- Funding via UfR of CO2-efficient use of material in production processes
- "Large efficiency checks" for preparation of future Federal Government funding of millions
2019
2019
from 2020
2019
Number of projects initiated and CO2
reductions
240,000
TCS Industry
Developing energy demand and self-generation flexibility in industry and CTS:
project funding through the "Energy transition in companies" project (ERDF 2014-2020)
subsequent project funding through the UfR programme
Funding to end of 2020; Implementation by 2023
from 2021
CO2 emission reduction in t/a
----
150,000
TCS Industry
Using industrial waste heat in heating networks: project funding through the "Energy transition in companies" project (ERDF 2014-2020)
Funding to 2020; Implementation by 2023
CO2 emission reduction in t/a
see Developing flexibility
TCS Industry
"Multifunctional networks": Sector coupling, hydrogen as a
raw material and energy carrier, energy storage systems
(link to Heat Transition Transformation Path)
- Application for funding from ERDF period 2021-2027 with "Multifunctional networks" funding programme
- Implementation on receipt of EU funds
or
- if no EU funds, implementation instead via UfR programme
2021-2027
2021-2027
CO2 emission reduction in t/a
50,000
TCS Industry
Innovative product development to increase resource efficiency and climate change mitigation (PROFI Umwelt Transfer [a grants scheme])
2019-2030 Number of projects initiated and CO2
reductions
Industry Transfer and innovation funding at universities: Promoting the transfer of scientific findings into practice requires customised funding instruments in science and economics by the IFB and the sectoral ministries, funding instruments which are sustainable and anchored in the institutions. The easy-access funding of projects which can be transferred in the field of climate change mitigation offers great potential for Hamburg.
TCS Industry
InnoRampUp and InnoFounder funding programmes: Proposal for extending the target group to "Impact Startups"
from 2020
4
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
Sector coupling
Industry - Norddeutsches Reallabor (North German Practical Laboratory) - Testing the total transformation of the energy system to demonstrate the path to rapid decarbonisation
Sub-projects:
Power-to-Chemicals
Heat generation using hydrogen
Reducing iron ore using hydrogen
Using hydrogen in copper production
READi-PtL – alternative fuel (Hamburg University of
Applied Sciences, HAW)
Synergies for power-to-gas and organic waste
Procurement of e-buses (HOCHBAHN)
Retrofitting lorries with fuel cell drives
Construction of hydrogen filling stations
Fuel cell passenger cars
Fuel cell vehicles at airports
Optimised integration of waste heat from waste recycling
Industrial waste heat in district heating systems
Design and construction of aquifer storage systems / seasonal storage, heat network design, simulation, future heat sources
Note: The project is presented here as a whole, even if individual sub-projects belong to other transformation paths. A portion of the measures and therefore their CO2 savings is allocated to e.g. the Heat Transition Transformation Path, other measures to the Mobility Transition Transformation Path.
by 2030
Note: Reallabor funding until 2025; implemen-tation period up to 2030
306,4001
with further scaling potential
Industry
CTS
Geothermal energy real-world laboratory (Hamburg Energie):
Geothermal heat will be used directly without heat pumps by means of boreholes to 3,500 metres depth. An aquifer store will be set up within the real-world laboratory with a storage capacity of over 20 gigawatt hours.
Requires expert assessment
Industry
(CTS)
Development of a sector coupling demonstration centre:
Research site for sector coupling using hydrogen and the anchor point of the electrolysis unit for producing hydrogen at the Energy Campus in Bergedorf, which will be operated using power from their on-site research windpark.
Requires expert assessment
1 The North German Real-world Laboratory measure generates a total savings potential of 510,700 t, approx. 200,000 t of which are assigned to the Heat Transition Transformation Path (replacement of Wedel, conversion of Tiefstack).
5
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
Industry BLANCAIR (carbon capturing – wind turbine for generating synthetic gases / liquid fuels
-PROJECT-
BLANCAIR is a novel wind turbine which, besides generating power, also extracts CO2 from the surrounding air. This CO2 can be used on site for the methanation of hydrogen which has previously been produced from the generated wind power e.g. by means of electrolysis.
(Note: this project is still very undefined and it is unclear whether it will be implemented in HH. The CO2 prediction is just for information at this stage: 100,000 t / a (per turbine) extraction
Additional CO2 reduction through use of converted wind energy (eco-fuel etc.) independently of the use of the extracted CO2
Number of wind turbines built
Total filtered CO2
Industry Design for a large-scale electrolyser in the port for decarbonising the port's (shipping) transport
still under consul-tation
Requires expert assessment
Other measures
Industry
CTS
Mobility solution for research and innovation parks:
The research and innovation parks should test new mobility solutions (e.g drones) which use climate-friendly technologies.
Note: Boundary to Mobility Transition Transformation Path
Number of individual projects
Requires expert assessment
Industry
CTS
3D printing initiative:
Promoting the potential of 3D printing at the Hamburg location in order to avoid transport distances as well as to reduce the use of resources
Requires expert assessment
TCS
Industry
Port economy
Note: Measures are covered in other places (Mobility Transition Transformation Path, industry energy-efficiency network, UfR)
TCS Compliance with the DGNB gold standard (or comparable standard) as a minimum requirement for urban areas with core area use, and preferably also for mixed area uses (see also Transformation Path for Heat Transition including Building Efficiency)
continuously
Industry Increase the weighting of sustainability and climate aspects in the context of economic development criteria to 10%
continuously
6
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
-tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
TCS HAMBURGER DOM festival and Hafengeburtstag Hamburg 3-day event:
Including sustainability and accessibility criteria in assessing the exhibitors and sub-organisers:
Attractions with excessively high power consumption are excluded under the HAMBURGER DOM and HAFENGEBURTSTAG HAMBURG conditions of participation. In addition, reusable crockery must be used.
Use of green energy
Further processing of exhibitor waste after central separation
Use of "recup" cups (reusable system with deposit) (current contract until 2020)
Bike storage, central deposit system, dish-washing facility
continuously Power consumption, plastic avoided per item of recyclable crockery used
TCS Extension of ÖKOPROFIT (including to funfairs)
TCS Climate change mitigation as a key issue in the updating of the agricultural policy with the following approaches: Expansion of organic farming, reduction in nitrogen surpluses connected to manuring, conservation of grassland, and amendment of the funding policy
2020-2025 Number of projects initiated
< 15,000
Requires expert assessment
TCS
Industry
Life cycle assessments on recycling secondary raw materials (e.g. recycled concrete, plastics)
from 2020 Number of projects initiated and CO2
reductions
TCS Industry
Recycling industry / material flow management: Exchange platform for materials (note: there is already a platform for recycled material at the Chamber of Commerce)
still pending, expected from 2020
TCS "Hamburg Innungskraftwerk" as a virtual network for district energy production.
Running since 2019
TCS Industry
Event sustainability and sustainable tourism: increased transparency and greater marketing effort for the relevant schemes, further expansion of accessible tourism, greater inclusion of tourist services including outside the city centre
ongoing since 2017
Industry Topic-oriented matching events in industry / research: Matching events should be established between universities and industry on the key topics of climate change mitigation and CO2 reduction.
ongoing since 2019
Industry Initiation of targeted endowed professorships in cooperation with trade and industry
Endowed professorships at the UHH, TUHH, HAW and HCU could be set up in the field of climate change mitigation.
Industry Targeted funding of awards in cooperation with industry for the industry of the future.
Another possibility is the funding of a graduate college for the climate change mitigation range of topics. The following universities would be suitable: UHH, TUHH, HCU and HAW (in cooperation with one of the three other universities)
7
Economy
Sector
(Key) Measure Implemen
-tation period
Indicators
Forecast CO2
reduction in t/a by
2030
TCS Agriculture and forestry: Conservation of Hamburg's woodlands and ensuring their management
Afforestation of areas not under agricultural use at woodland margins would have a positive effect on reducing CO2 (1 ha of woodland stores up to 270 t CO2). The potential area for suitable new afforestation cannot be calculated at present.
continuously
TCS Afforestation of approx. 7 ha woodland (average of 1 ha woodland per district)
Afforestation of approx. 7 ha of woodland can potentially give a CO2 reduction of approx. 1,890 t in the long-term.
from 2020 Hectares of afforested land
TCS Research project "Contamination of urban trees with disease agents - survey of street and climate change trees in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region". Health check of approx. 2,000 urban trees which are assessed on the basis of specific features as especially suitable for the anticipated future urban climate, plus developing recommendations for action for their conservation (relevance for tree nursery business).
2018-2022
Industry Clean Sky 3 public-private partnership between the EU Commission and the European aviation industry to coordinate and fund research activities on manufacturing quieter and more environmentally friendly aircraft.
50% reduction of CO2 emissions
80% reduction of NOx emissions,
Noise reduction of 65%
from 2021 100,000
Total CO2 reduction
1,641,400
of which CTS 602,000
Industry 1,039,400
1
Annex 5
Package of Measures: Climate Adaptation Transformation Path, here: RISA
Topic block
Measures
Implementation period
Indicator
1 Sectoral planning framework
Planning instruments, in particular: Water plan (whole city) and water management support plans (for projects or building plans), including integrated open space planning statements
continuously Creating and updating the water plan,
Number of building plans and urban planning contracts with water management support plans
2 Ministerial basis
Development of central provisions (implementation plans, guidelines, technical guidelines), funding issues, coordinating participating departments
continuously
3 Legal basis Amendments to the HWaG (Hamburg water act), HmbAbwG (Hamburg waste water act), possibly charging schemes
Determination of the need for amendments to other legal provisions e.g. HBauO (Hamburg building regulation)
continuously Successful legislative amendments
4 Projects Develop and implement (pilot) projects e.g. in the topic areas of water-sensitive city and open space development/ "blue-green infrastructure"
continuously Number of projects implemented
5 Coordinated implementat-ion of RISA in the districts
Coordinated implementation of RISA across Hamburg
continuously Number of initiated and implemented individual RISA measures
6 Sectoral authority executive functions:
Implementing sustainable rainwater management
Developing processes for rainwater management for public and private land
continuously Number of processes
7 Sectoral authority executive functions:
Heavy rainfall precautions / integrated risk management
Developing processes for heavy rainfall precautions and flooding events for public and private land
continuously Number of processes
2
Topic block
Measures
Implementation period
Indicator
8 Sectoral authority executive functions:
Rainwater treatment
Implementing the concept of rainwater treatment (funding, building and operation of treatment works for contaminated rainwater from public road space)
Implementat-ion of the main blocks of the concept by 2027, subsequent ongoing maintenance of plant.
Annual pollution load
prevented [kg PM63/a]
by operational rainwater
treatment plants
9 Sectoral authority executive functions:
Budget and finances
Executive functions connected to funding continuously
