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87First description and status change:

A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

Contents 2 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987

contents

Front cover

Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila: Tanque Menchaca.

photo by Grzegorz Matuszewski

Back cover

Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Mex.: Durango, near Nazas.

photo by Uli Dosedal.

Founders: Eduart Zimer • Dag Panco • Valentin Posea

Editor: Eduart Zimer EN edition • Eduart Zimer RO edition • Valentin Posea SP edition & Field researches • Pedro Nájera QuezadaPR & Graphic • Dag Panco Cartography • Miguel Angel González Botello

Nordic representative • Erik Holm Supporter • Mihai Crisbășanu Editorial team's e-Mail: xerophilia@xerophilia.ro.

Graphic layout based on Andrea Cattabriga's pattern.All rights reserved – no part of this publication may be reproduced in any forms or by any means, without written permission of the Editor. All copyrighted photographs have been used under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

The graphic structure of this special issue is based on the authors' demand.

4 · 1a: subsp. breckwoldtiorum J.A. De-Nova, P. Castillo-Lara & W. Blum subsp. nov.

12 · 1b: subsp. occidentalis (N.P. Taylor) W. Rischer, S. Breckwoldt & K. Breckwoldt

14 · Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage

15 · Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage In: Preisverzeichniss über Cacteen und Succulenten 22, 1860

16 · 2a: E. stramineus subsp. conglomeratus (Förster ex Schumann) W. Blum stat. nov.

17 · 2b: Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage subsp. stramineus

20 · Aknowledgements

20 · Bibliographical References

First description and status change: A new subspecies of

Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

3 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

First description and status change: A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in CoahuilaJose Arturo De-Nova, Pedro Castillo-Lara & Wolfgang Blum

Echinocereus occidentalis (N.P. Taylor) W. Rischer, S. Breckwoldt & K. Breckwoldt In: Der Echinocereenfreund 22 (1): 23 (2008 [2009 publ. 2008] )

Basionym:Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis N.P. Taylor. - Bradleya 6: 70 (1988)

Holotype:México: Durango: Hwy Fed. 45, 1400 - 1500 m NN, 1 July 1986, N.P. TAYLOR 240B [MEXU 432560] (further types see below)

Description:stemshape: forming clumps, - 60 cm in diameter, cylindrical, erectheight/diameter: - 300 / 50 - 80epidermis colour: light greenrib shape: slight bumpsnumber/width: 12 - 19 / 3 - 10height/distance: 5 - 10 / 10 - 15root: branched, fibrousspinationareole shape: roundlength/diameter/distance: 3 - 5 / 3 - 5 / 10 - 15radials: number/length: 9 - 13 / 15 - 20colour: white - yellow, dark-tippedradials: arrangement/shape: adjacent, spreading / needle-like, straightcentrals: number/length: 1 - 5 / 40 - 55colour: white - blackcentrals: arrangement/shape: adjacent, spreading / needle-like, stiff, straightflowerflower-bud: small, green, blunt-tippedflower shape: funnel-shapedlength/diameter: 50 - 70 / 50 - 70flower colour: crimson - magenta, throat paletube: length/diameter: 25 - 30 / 14 - 20colour: dark greenovary: length/diameter: 10 - 15 / 10 - 15colour: dark greenspination/length/colour: - 10 / - 20 / whitewool/length: felty / 1petals length/width: 20 - 30 / 4 - 10nectar-chamber: length/width: 3 – 4.5 / 1.7 – 2.7filament: length/colour: 6 - 14 / white - greenishanther colour/pollen colour: yellow / yellowstyle length/width: 20 - 25 / 1.5 – 2.2colour: white-yellowystigma lobes: number/length: 10 - 14 / 3.5 - 6colour: dark greenfruitshape/maturity time: round / 2 - 3 monthslength/diameter: - 30 / - 30colour: green, pinkish - reddish tingedpulp: white - pinkpeculiarity: - lateral splittingseedlength/width/colour: 0.9 – 1.1 / 0.8 – 1.0 / black

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4 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

microstructure: perforated testa, with weak cell boundary lines wart form: convex - conicwarts structure: clearly visible medium - coarse folding of the cuticlestructure of warts caps: clearly visible medium folding of the cuticle chromosome number: 2n = 22 habitatterrain/soil/height: hilly to mountainous shrub desert / on limestone and volcanic rock / 800 - 1800 m NNrange: México: central - eastern Durango, south-western Coahuila, northern Zacatecasfield numbers: HK 1136, NPT 0240 B, SB 0491, SB 0499

1a: subsp. breckwoldtiorum J.A. De-Nova, P. Castillo-Lara & W. Blum subsp. nov.

HolotypeMexico: Coahuila: Mpio. San Pedro de las Colonia. Ejido La Candelaria en los alrededores de las cuevas mortuorias. 26º09’18’’N, 102º41’39.8’’W. Matorral desértico con Larrea tridentata, Fouquieria splendens, Agave lechuguilla, Opuntia spp., Mimosa sp., Leucophyllum sp., Prosopis glandulosa, Euphorbia antisyphilitica, Jatropha dioica, Grusonia bradtiana, Ferocactus hamatacanthus y Thelocactus bicolor. Terrenos con afloramientos calizos y yesosos. Altitud 890 m. Planta cespitosa con tallos simples, con flores color fuchsia y frutos inmaduros. 29 de Mayo de 2015. J.A. DE NOVA 690 [SLPM 051253]

EtymologyThis new subspecies is named after the couple Sybille and Klaus Breckwoldt for their services to the genus Echinocereus.

English DiagnosisThe subsp. breckwoldtiorum different from the subsp. occidentalis by:

• more ribs: subsp. breckwoldtiorum 15 - 19 subsp. occidentalis 12 - 17• more radial spines: subsp. breckwoldtiorum 13 - 15, subsp. occidentalis 9 - 13• more central spines: subsp. breckwoldtiorum 3 - 5, subsp. occidentalis 1 - 3,• be lower distribution: subsp. breckwoldtiorum 800 - 1200 m above sea level, subsp. occidentalis

1200 - 1800 m above sea level• be west to north-western area of distribution.

Accompanying flora Echinocereus stramineus (Engelmann) F. Sencke ex. J.N. Haage – these flowers 3 - 5 weeks earlier

SynonymE. longisetus sensu BRAVO. - Las Cactáceas de México, ed. 1: Fig. 189 (1937)E. spec. Viesca

terrainhilly to mountainous desert shrub soil on limestonealtitude 800 - 1200 m NNrange México: south-western Coahuila and northern Zacatecas

Material examinedEchinocereus: Herbarium sheet Arizona State University; Collection: M. MITTLEMAN & R. ENGARD M30, Mexico, Coahuila, south-western Cuatrocienegas; ASU sheet No.: 53259Echinocereus enneacanthus var. cf. stramineus: Herbarium sheet Herbarium Research Department Desert Botanical Garden; Collection: M. MITTLEMAN & R. ENGARD M30, Mexico, Coahuila, south-western Cuatrocienegas; DES sheet No.: 18707Echinocereus: Herbarium sheet Herbarium of Geo. B. Hinton; Collection: G.B.HINTON 28362, Mexico, Coahuila, between San Pedro de las Colonias and Laguna del Rey at Francisco I. Madero; GBH sheet No.: 28362Echinocereus engelmannii: Herbarium sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: R. Alduenda s.n., Mexico, Coahuila, 70 km eastern of Torreon; MEXU sheet No.: 227746

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5 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

Echinocereus sp.: Herbarium sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: C. GÓMEZ-HINOSTROSA 1836, Mexico, Coahuila, south-eastern Viesca; MEXU sheet No.: 1826882Echinocereus enneacanthus var. cf. stramineus: Herbarium sheet Sul Ross State University; Collection: F.G. BRECKENRIDGE 343, Mexico, Coahuila, 33 miles northern San Pedro; SRSC sheet No.: o. Nr.Echinocereus enneacanthus var. cf. stramineus: Herbarium sheet Sul Ross State University; Collection: F.G. BRECKENRIDGE 351, Mexico, Coahuila, northern El Hundito; SRSC sheet No.: o. Nr.

Since BRAVO 1937 (Fig. 189), these plants are often regarded as Echinocereus longisetus Engelmann and reported in various journals and books.In the 2009 published work of RISCHER & BRECKWOLDT Ecf. 22 (1): 17 - 26 is introduced due to the different ploidy level of species rank for Echinocereus occidentalis.Newer investigations on site, as well as the evaluation of the existing herbarium sheets of various locations, between Cuatrocienegas de Carranza, Viesca, Torreon in Coahuila compared to the habitats west of Bermejillo and Mapimi, La Cuesta, Pedricena, Rodeo, Nazas and Minas Navidad in Durango revealed significant differences enabled a re-evaluation of these former sites.At the type locality are subsp. breckwoldtiorum and stramineus (Engelmann) F. Sencke ex. J. N. Haage in close proximity, separated only by their different substrates.The subspecies breckwoldtiorum occur standing on the rocks there, while stramineus grows on the surrounding sand - gravel substrate.In the southern area of distribution of subsp. breckwoldtiorum are encountered hybrids with E. enneacanthus subsp. enneacanthus Engelmann.GRZEGORZ MATUSZEWSKI we got information and images about other subheading populations at Buenavista, El Mezquite north of San Pedro de las Colonias, Tanque Menchaca east of Viesca and in northern Zacatecas, south of Viesca at Cinco de Mayo.

E. occidentalis subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Mexico: Coahuila: Mpio. San Pedro de las Colonias, Ejido La Candelaria, J.A. DE NOVA 690 [SLPM 051253].

Legend:blue spot: E. occidentalis subsp. occidentalisred spot: E. occidentalis subsp. breckwoldtiorumwhite dot: respective Type Location

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6 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

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7 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

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8 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

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9 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern San Pedro de las Colonias.

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10 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

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subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern El Hundito. subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern El Hundito.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, Buenavista. subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila: Tanque Menchaca.

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila: Tanque Menchaca. subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila: Cinco de Mayo.

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11 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila: El Mezquite . Phot

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subsp. breckwoldtiorum, Coahuila, northern El Hundito. Phot

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E. occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Mexico: Durango, near Nazas.

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1b: subsp. occidentalis (N.P. Taylor) W. Rischer, S. Breckwoldt & K. Breckwoldt

Synonym:Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) F. Sencke ex. J.N. Haage var. occidentalis N.P. Taylor - Bradleya 6: 70 (1988) Echinocereus stramineus subsp. occidentalis (N.P. Taylor) N.P. Taylor - Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10 (1997)

terrainhilly to mountainous desert shrub soil on limestone and volcanic rockaltitude 1250 - 1800 m NNrange México: Durango: western Mapimi, La Cuesta, Pedricena, Chocolate, Nazas, Rodeo, El Rodeo and Minas Navidad

field numbers HK 1136, NPT 0240, SB 0491, SB 0499

Material examinedEchinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Holotype: Herbarium sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240 A, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; MEXU sheet No.: 432560Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Isotype: in spirit inRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240 B, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K 51619Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Isotype: Herbarium sheet Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240 B, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K sheet No.: 101132Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Paratype: Herbarium sheet Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240 C, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K 62617Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Arizona State University; Collection: LEUCK 353, Mexico, Durango, western of Mapimi near the junction of Hwy 30 and the gravel road to San Pedro; ASU sheet No.: 53262

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E. occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Mexico: Durango, near Rodeo.

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E. occidentalis subsp. occidentalis, Mexico: Durango, near Rodeo.

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Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Arizona State University; Collection: LEUCK 354, Mexico, Durango, 4.7 miles northeast of Alamillo and 11.2 miles from the Rio Nazas bridge on Hwy 45; ASU sheet No.: 53261Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 241 mit R. GONZALEZ, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K sheet No.: 62616 Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K sheet No.: 101131 Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: in spirit inRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240 D/E/F, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K 51623Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: In spirit inRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 243, Mexico, Durango, west Mapimi; K 52495Echinocereus stramineus: in spirit inRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 246 a, Mexico, Durango, southwest Chocolate; K 73478.000 Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Royal Botanic Gardens Kew; Collection: N.P. TAYLOR & S.G. KNEES 495 Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; K sheet No.: 62642 Echinocereus sp. Herbar sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: H. M. HERNÁNDEZ 3557, Mexico, Durango, Rodeo; MEXU sheet No.: 1122837Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis: Herbarium sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: N.P. TAYLOR 240, Mexico, Durango, La Cuesta; MEXU sheet No.: 444697 Echinocereus leeanus: Herbar sheet Herbario Nacional de Mexico (UNAM); Collection: H. BRAVO, Mexico, Durango, El Rodeo; MEXU sheet No.: 59906 Echinocereus sp. cf. enneacanthus var. stramineus: Herbarium sheet Sul Ross State University; Collection: F.G. BRECKENRIDGE 339, Mexico, Durango, 30 miles western Mapimi; SRSC sheet No.: o.Nr.Echinocereus sp. cf. enneacanthus var. stramineus: Herbarium sheet Sul Ross State University; Collection: F.G. BRECKENRIDGE 339, Mexico, Coahuila, western Mapimi; SRSC sheet No.: o.Nr.

Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage

In JOHANN NICOLAUS HAAGE in the price directory on Cactaceae and succulents (22, 1860) is to be read for the first time about Echinocereus conglomeratus Förster, however, without descriptive data. Unfortunately, the literature where FöRSTER acquired the name, is unknown.In 1870 is in SEITZ, in his Catalogus cactearum cultarum (10, 1870), the same reading.Ruempler writes in FÖRSTER’s „Handbuch für Kakteenkunde (797, 1885)“ under E. stramineus as synonym „Cereus conglomeratus Först.?“.In the Gardenflora (465, 1890) is in a "travelogue of Cacteensammlers in Mexico" by ALBERT MATHSSON to read about the location of this taxon. Unfortunately, these references were all without descriptive data, so these are all nomen nudum.First descriptive data are for SCHUMANN in the overall description of the cacti (278, 1899) to find, they read as follows:“30. Echinocereus conglomeratus FörsterCaespitosus caulibus pro rata elatis erectis laete viridibus: costis 12 - 13 sinuatis; aculeis radialibus 9 - 10, centralibus 1 - 4 albis fere vitreis, basi flaridis; floribus haud visis probabiliter coccineo-violaceis.Körper säulenförmig, durch Sprossung aus dem Grunde rasenförmig, aufrecht, säulenförmig, oben etwas verjüngt, am Scheitel höckerig, nicht eingesenkt: Höcker mit schneeweißem Woll-filz bekleidet, bis 30 cm hoch und 5 cm im Durchmesser, hellgrün. Rippen 12 - 13, durch oben sehr enge, auch unten scharfe Furchen geschieden, ziemlich scharf, bis 1 cm hoch, deutlich gebuchtet. Areolen 8 - 10 mm voneinander entfernt, kreisrund, etwa 2 mm im Durchmesser, mit schneeweißem Woll-filz bekleidet, der aber sehr schnell schwindet. Randstacheln 9 - 10, glasartig, spreizend, das untere Paar am längsten, bis 1,6 cm lang, nach dem Verschwinden des Wollfilzes am Grunde gelb. Mittelstacheln 1 - 4, der untere gerade vorgetreckt, bis 4 cm lang und darüber, etwas stärker, sonst jenen ähnlich. Die Blüte ist mir nicht bekannt.“Echinocereus conglomeratus Först. in Hort.cat., in MATHSSON in Gartenflora XXXIX. 465 (1890) (conglomeratus [in Latin] = heaped together).Geographical distribution:In Mexico, in the State of Nuevo Leon, south of Monterrey, in quantities, however, higher in the mountains, at Rinconada covering the slopes.

BERGER has then in his "A systematic revision of the genus Cereus (81, 1905)" recombined it to Cereus conglomeratus.BRITTON & ROSE supplement in their work "Cactaceae Vol .: 3: 39-40 (1922) the following data to the

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first description:“flowers 6 to 7 cm long, broad and open, purplish; perianth-segments broad, 2 cm long; spines on ovary and flower long, white, more or less curved; fruit globular, 3 cm in diameter, somewhat acid, edible; seeds numerous.Distribution: Mountains in the states of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila and Zacatecas, Mexico.This species has usually been confused with E. stramineus but is smaller, more open flowers, and it has a more southern range.”BRAVO-HOLLIS keeps E. conglomeratus 1937 als Taxon very close to E. stramineus but differs by the size and the distribution area of flowers.In her key leads at conglomeratus "Flores campanuladas (bell-shaped)" and stramineus "infundibuliformes (funnel-shaped)" on.In BACKEBERG nothing new can be found.Strange it is then in 1974, when, into two independent works by L. BENSON in Cact. Succ. J. Amer. 46: 80 (March-April) and BRAVO-HOLLIS in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 47 (April-June), conglomeratus is recombined in the former to E. enneacanthus Engelmann var. conglomeratus (Förster) Benson and in BRAVO- HOLLIS to E. stramineus Engelmann var conglomeratus.TAYLOR writes 1985, 89 ....in the south-eastern part of its range it is represented by a smaller-flowered form, previously distinguished as E. conglomeratus Schumann, but scarcely even worthy of varietal status. "BRAVO-HOLLIS & H. SANCHEZ-MEJORADA retains the status of 1974. In their key it differs as follows:-A. Espinas que ocultan por completo el tallo; las radiales 7 a 14, las centrales 2 a 5………………….49a. var. stramineus-AA. Espinas que no ocultan completamente el tallo; las radiales 9 a 10, las centrales 1 a 4………..49b. var. conglomeratus

Because of the small flower, smaller fruit, the higher rib number and its separated distribution area, we are able to establish the opinion conglomeratus as a new subspecies of stramineus.We can confirm the statement of TAYLOR (1985), that there is a small flowering stramineus form at Rinconada and Grutas Garcia.In TAYLOR's Mexico trip in July 1986, he has visited the Herbarium of MEXU and named a herbarium sheet, collected by HELIA BRAVO-HOLLIS at Grutas Garcia, as holotype of E. stramineus var. orientalis var. nov. This is, because no description and Latin diagnosis has been published, a nomen nudum. Another very interesting form that belongs here, is the relatively little spined form of Huachichil.This has been viewed as a form of Echinocereus parkeri Taylor.

Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. HaageIn: Preisverzeichniss über Cacteen und Succulenten 22, 1860

BasionymCereus stramineus Engelmann. – Syn. Cact. US. In B.C.R.: 26 (1856)

Locus typicusUSA: Texas: Mountain slopes, from El Paso to the Pecos and Gila Rivers

Lectotype(cf. COULTER, 1896: 390): About El Paso, Texas, C. WRIGHT 8 in 1851 [MO 2016908]

Taxonomic history1856: Cereus stramineus Engelmann1860: Echinocereus stramineus (Engelmann) J.N. Haage1969: E. enneacanthus Engelmann var. stramineus (Engelmann) L. Benson1989: Echinocereus stramineus (Engelmann) J.N. Haage (due to different ploidy levels [J.F. WEEDIN, A.M. POWELL & D.O. KOLLE])2013: Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage

Descriptionstemshape: forming cushions, - 500 stems, cylindrical, erectheight/diameter: - 500 / 70 - 100

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epidermis colour: light greenrib shape: slight bumpsnumber/width: 10 - 17 / 5 - 10height/distance: 5 - 10 / 10 - 25root: branched, fibrousspinationareole shape: roundlength/diameter/distance: - 4 / - 4 / 20 - 30radials: number/length: 7 - 10 / 15 - 40colour: white - yellowy - brownishradials: arrangement/shape: adjacent, spreading / stiff, straightcentrals: number/length: 2 - 4 (- 5) / 40 - 100colour: yellowy - brownishcentrals: arrangement/shape: adjacent, spreading / stiff, straightflowerflower-bud: rounded, spined, green - later pinkishflower shape: funnel-shapedlength/diameter: - 120 / 100 - 150flower colour: crimson-magenta, throat lighter-whitetube: length/diameter: 25 - 35 / 15 - 35colour: green - olive-greenovary: length/diameter: 18 - 25 / 15 - 19colour: greenspination/length/colour: 3 - 9 / - 30 / whitewool/length: felty / 1petals length/width: 60 - 78 / 15 - 25nectar-chamber: length/width: 5 - 8 / - 4filament: length/colour: 10 - 20 / white - greenishanther colour/pollen colour: yellow / yellowstyle length/width/colour: 40 - 60 / 2 – 2.5 / whitestigma lobes: number/length: 9 - 13 / 8 - 10colour: greenfruitshape/maturity time: oval / 2,5 - 3 monthslength/diameter/colour: - 50 / - 40 / redpulp: pinkish - redpeculiarity: splittingseedlength/width/colour: 1.0 – 1.4 / 0.9 – 1.25 / blackmicrostructure: perforated testa, without or with weak cell boundary lines wart form: convex - conicwarts structure: clearly visible medium - coarse folding of the cuticlestructure of warts caps: without up clearly visible coarse folding of the cuticle chromosome number: 2n = 44 habitatterrain/soil/height: hilly to mountainous shrub desert / on limestone / 1100 - 1500 m NNrange: USA: W Texas, SE New Mexico; México: northern Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León

2a: E. stramineus subsp. conglomeratus (Förster ex Schumann) W. Blum stat. nov.

BasionymEchinocereus conglomeratus Förster ex Schumann. - Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (1899: 278)

Locus classicusMéxico: Nuevo León, by Rinconada (west of Monterrey)

Neotype(cf. Blum, Lange, Rischer & Rutow, Echinocereus, 1998: 160).México: Nuevo León: Rinconada, BRECKENRIDGE 349 leg. 30 August 1981 [SRSC, without number]

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17 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

SynonymCereus conglomeratus (Förster) Berger. - Rep.Mo.Bot.Gard. 16: 81 (1905)Echinocereus enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Förster) L. Benson. - Cact.Succ.J. (U.S.) 46 (2): 80 (1974)E. stramineus var. conglomeratus (Förster) Bravo. - Cact.Succ.Mex. 19 (2): 47 (1974)

Invalid publishedE. conglomeratus Förster ex J. N. Haage. - Preisverzeichniss über Cacteen und Succulenten: 22 (1860) nom. nud.E. conglomeratus Förster ex Seitz. - Cat.cact.cult.: 10 (1870) nom. nud.Echinocactus conglomeratus Mathsson. - Gartenflora 39: 465 (1890) nom. nud.Echinocereus conglomeratus var. robustior Haage JR. - Cacteen-Cultur: 117 (1892) nom. nud.

Etymologyconglomeratus = Latin name for clustered together

Taxonomic history1860: E. conglomeratus Förster ex J.N. Haage (where published by Förster we could not identify)1890: E. conglomeratus Förster ex Mathsson (first location specified by Rinconada)1899: E. conglomeratus Förster ex Schumann (first descriptive data)1905: Cereus conglomeratus (Förster) Berger1974: Echinocereus enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (Förster) L. Benson1974: Echinocereus stramineus var. conglomeratus (Förster) H. Bravo-Hollis

Taxon determining characteristics- stems: 45 - 70 mm in diameter- more ribs: 12 - 17- smaller flowers: 50 - 70 mm in diameter- smaller fruit: nur bis 30 mm in diameter- larger seeds: length / width / colour: 1.2 – 1.4 / 1.1 – 1.25 / black microstructure: perforated testa, with weak cell boundary lines wart form: convex - conic warts structure: clearly visible coarse folding of the cuticle structure of warts caps: without up clearly visible medium folding of the cuticle rangeMéxico: south-eastern Coahuila, southern Nuevo León,

2b: Echinocereus stramineus (G. Engelmann) F. Sencke ex J.N. Haage subsp. stramineus

SynonymE. enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelmann) L. Benson. - Cact. Succ. J. (U.S.) 41: 127 (1969)

Invalid publishedEchinocereus bolansis RUNGE. In Haage JR. - Cacteen-Cultur: 117 (1892) nom. nud.E. stramineus forma major SCHELLE. - Handb.Kakteenkultur: 136 (1907) nom. nud.E. stramineus var. ruberimus FRIC. - Ceskoslov Zahradnickyeh Listu: 121 (1924) nom. nud.E. stramineus var. spinarosa FRIC. - Ceskoslov Zahradnickyeh Listu: 121 (1924) nom. nud.E. stramineus var. major HORT. ex BORG. - Cacti: 222 (1951) nom. nud.

Etymologystramineus = Latin name for straw-coloured spines

Taxon determining characteristics- stems: 70 - 100 mm in diameter- fewer ribs: 10 - 13- larger flowers: 100 - 180 mm in diameter- larger fruits: 30 - 50 mm in diameter- smaller seeds: length / width / colour: 1.0 – 1.2 / 0.9 – 1.1 / black microstructure: perforated testa, without cell boundary lines

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18 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

E. stramineus subsp. stramineus, Mexico, Coahuila, south Cuatro Ciénegas. Phot

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E. stramineus subsp. stramineus, Mexico, Coahuila, south Cuatro Ciénegas.

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wart form: convex - conic warts structure: clearly visible medium folding of the cuticle structure of warts caps: without visible folding of the cuticle

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19 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

E. stramineus subsp. conglomeratus, Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Riconada.

E. stramineus subsp. conglomeratus, Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Riconada.

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20 - XEROPHILIA • Special Issue No. 7 .1 - October 2015 | ISSN 2285-3987A new subspecies of Echinocereus occidentalis in Coahuila

E. stramineus subsp. conglomeratus, Mexico, Coahuila, Huachichil (El Huache). Phot

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AknowledgementsI want to thank all those who contributed to the writing and publication of this article. Specifically, I want to thank (in alphabetical order).

Dosedal, Ulrich, Rhauderfehn, GERMANYGarcía-Pérez, José, MEXICOGoris, Rene, BELGIENMatuszewski, Grzegorz, POLANDSalinas Rodríguez, María Magdalena, MEXICO

for making available info and visual material, also for their general support:

ASU (Herbarium School of Life Sciences Arizona State University)DES (Herbarium Research Department Desert Botanical Garden)GBH Herbarium of Geo. B. HintonK (Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens)MEXU (Herbario Nacional Departamento de Botánica Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México)SLPM (Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí)SRSC (A. Michael Powell Herbarium Department of Biology Sul Ross State University)

Bibliographical References:BACKEBERG, C. (1960): Die Cactaceae, Band IV, Cereoideae: 1970 - 2083. - VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, JenaBACKEBERG, C. (1963): Die Cactaceae, Band VI: 3845 - 3856. - VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, JenaBENSON, L. (1941): Taxonomic studies. II. Studies of the south-western cacti. - American Journal of Botany (Amer.J.Bot.) 28 (6): 358 - 364BENSON, L. (1969): Cactaceae. In: LUNDELL et al. - Flora of Texas, Vol. 2. Texas Research Foundation, Renner, TexasBENSON, L. (1974): New Taxa and nomenclatural changes. - Cact.Succ.J. (U.S.) 46 (2): 80BENSON, L. (1982): The Cacti of the United States and Canada. - Stanford University Press, Stanford, CaliforniaBERGER, A. (1905): A systematic revision of the genus Cereus. - Missouri Botanical Garden 16th Annual Report (Rep.Mo.Bot.Gard.) 16: 79 - 81BLUM, W., LANGE, M., RISCHER, W. & RUTOW, J. (1998): ECHINOCEREUS. – Selbstverlag J. Rutow, Aachen [Oktober 1998, appendix C as a Preprint (ZSS 3.April 1998)]

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BIGELOW, J.M. (1857): Additional notes and corrections. - Pacific Railroad Reports, Vol. IV: addendaBRAVO, H. (1937): Echinocererus longisetus. - Las Cactáceas de México, ed. 1: Fig. 189BRAVO-HOLLIS, H. (1974): Nuevas combinaciónes II - Cact.Succ.Mex. 19 (2): 47BRAVO-HOLLIS, H. & SÁNCHEZ-MEJORADA, H. (1991): Las Cactáceas de México. - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Vol. IIBRECKENRIDGE, F.G. & MILLER, J.M. (1982): Pollination biology, distribution and chemotaxonomy of the Echinocereus enneacanthus complex (Cactaceae). - Systematic Botany (Syst.Bot.) 7 (4): 365 - 378BRITTON, N.L. & ROSE, J.N. (1922): The Cactaceae, Vol. III : 3 - 44. - Publication No. 248 of the Carnegie Institution of WashingtonBUXBAUM, F. (1957): Morphologie der Kakteen. In: H. KRAINZ. - Die KakteenCORBETT, T.L. (1996/97): The Echinocereus-Index. - published in INTERNETCOULTER, J.M. (1896): Preliminary revision of the North American species of Cactus, Anhalonium, and Lophophora. - Contr.U.S.Nat.Herb., Vol. III., Washington 3: 355 - 462EGGLI, U. (1993): Glossary of botanical terms with special reference to succulent plants. - British Cactus & Succulent Society, Richmond, SurreyENGELMANN, G. (1856): Synopsis of the Cactaceae of the United States and adjacent regions (Synopsis Cact.U.S.), reprinted with corrections in: - Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Proc.Amer.Acad.) 3: 278 - 286, 314, 345 - 346 {1857}ENGELMANN, G. & BIGELOW, J.M. (1857): Description of the Cactaceae. In: A.W. WHIPPLE. - Reports of exploration and surveys for a railroad from the Mississippi River to Pacific Ocean (U.S. Senate Rept.Expl.&.Surv.R.R Route Pacific Ocean.), Botany 4: 27 - 58 {1856}ENGELMANN, G. (1859): Cactaceae of the Boundary. In: W.H. EMORY. - Rept.U.S.and.Mex.Bound.Surv. 2: 32FOERSTER, C.F. (1886): Handb.Cakteenk., ed. 2: 773 - 834. - Verlag von Im.Tr. Wöller, LeipzigFUERSCH, H. (1993): Bemerkungen zum Artbegriff. - Der Echinocereenfreund 6 (4): 87 - 91, AG Echinocereus der DKGHAAGE, F.A. (1867): Verzeichniss über Cacteen, Agaven, Aloen, Yucca und andere Fettpflanzen 45: 8HUNT, D. (2006): The New Cactus Lexicon, Vol. 1 & 2. – dh books. Milbourne PortMATHSSON, A. (1890): Reisebericht eines Cacteensammlers in México. - Gartenflora 39: 464 - 465MOORE, W. (1967): Echinocereus enneacanthus-dubius-stramineus complex. - Brittonia 19: 93 – 94RISCHER, W. & BRECKWOLDT S. & K. (2009): Echinocereus stramineus (Engelmann) F.A. Haage ssp. occidentalis (N.P. Taylor) N.P. Taylor- Ecf.: 22(1): 23 (2009)RUEMPLER, T. (1886): In FOERSTER. - Carl Friedrich Förster’s Handbuch Cacteenkunde (Handb.¬Cacteenk.), ed. 2: 775 - 834. Verlag von Im.Tr. Wöller, LeipzigSCHUMANN, K. (1897): Gesamtbeschreibung der Kakteen (Gesamtb.Kakteen), Nachträge (1903). - NeudammSEITZ, F. (1870): Catalogus cactearum cultarum (Cat.cact.cult.): 9 - 11. - PragSTANDLEY, P.C. (1908): Some Echinocerei of New Mexico. - Bull.Torr.Bot.Club 35: 77 - 88TAYLOR, N.P. (1985): The Genus Echinocereus, A Kew Magazine Monograph. - Collingridge Books in association with The Royal Botanic Gardens, KewTAYLOR, N.P. (1988): Supplementary notes on Mexican Echinocereus (1). - Bradleya 6: 65 - 84, British Cactus and Succulent Society, 4 Hargate Close, Summerseat Bury, Lancs. BL9 5NUTAYLOR, N.P. (1997): In: HUNT. - Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives (Cact.Cons.Init.) 3: 8 - 14WEEDIN, J.F., POWELL, A.M. & KOLLE, D.O. (1989): Chromosome numbers in Chihuahuan Desert Cactaceae. II. Trans-Pecos Texas. - The south-western Naturalist 34: 160 - 164WENIGER, D. (1970): Cacti of the Southwest. - University of Texas Press, AustinWENIGER, D. (1984): Cacti of Texas and neighboring States. - University of Texas Press, Austin WOOTON, E.O. & STANDLEY, P.C. (1915): Flora of New Mexico. - Contr.U.S.Nat.Herb. 19: 454 - 457

Dr. José Arturo de Nova VázquezCoordinador Académico, Herbario Isidro PalaciosInstituto de Investigación de Zonas DesérticasUniversidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíAltair No. 200 Colonia del LlanoSan Luis Potosí 78377, MéxicoPhone: (52-44) 4842-2475 ext 119E-mail: arturo.denova@uaslp.mx

Dr. Pedro Castillo-LaraProfesor InvestigadorInstituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas

Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíAltair 200, Fracc. Del Llano 78377 San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.Phone: 842-1146 ext. 103E-mail: pcastillol57@yahoo.com.mx

Wolfgang BlumDietrich-Bonhoeffer-Straße 2976467 BietigheimTelefon: +49 (0)7245 2142E-Mail: mail@blumwolfgang.de

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