First Aid Instruction

8/9/2019 First Aid Instruction

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General Principles of First Aid

If someone refuses help what should you do?*Call 911 stay with the victim until help arrives

*Think about scene safety first dont get yourself injured

Protect yourself from others fluids (BSI)

Practice taking off gloves *Things that are contaminated go in a biohazard bag

HIPPA confidentiality you cant talk to others about the event but you can talk to

*people involved, doctors, nurses, and councilors, it is important to talk if itbothers you.

Danger (Your safety first)

Responsiveness (Shake and shout Are you okay?)

Airway (Head tilt, chin lift. Jaw thrust if trauma suspected)

Breathing (Look, listen, and feel. If no breathing 2 rescue breaths)

Circulation (Check for body movements, noises, breathing. Chest compressions

Deformities (Check for and treat fractures, burns etc)

Medical Emergencies

Chocking signs- universal chocking sign, victim is unable to speak

Are you chocking? Can you speak? *Im going to help?

*Perform abdominal thrusts. *If pregnant chest thrust

Asthma is caused by inflamed hyperreactive airways and narrowing airways

Signs- tripod position, wheezing, trouble exhaling, pain in chest

Victims need bronchodilator and should have a spacer (allows medicine togo into lungs instead of back of throat.)

*Get their medicine and assist them.

Bad allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)Signs- *swollen tongue and face, trouble breathing

Victim needs Epipen. *You can assist them giving Epipen.

Demonstration and practice giving Epipen.

Heart Attack (MI)Signs- *uncomfortable feeling of pain and pressure in the chest, upper

body, arms, back, neck, jaw, and stomach; nausea, weak, lightheaded.

*Victim needs to sit quietly while you call 911, and get the AED and firstaid kit; prepare to do CPR.

Fainting

Signs- lightheaded, dizzy feeling*Victim needs to lie flat on the floor, and you need to raise their feet up

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Diabetes (Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia) Low Blood SugarSigns- Hypoglycemia- person hasnt eaten, has used too much insulin,

change in behavior, hunger, thirst, pale, sleepy.

Hyperglycemia- person smells like alcohol.

Victim needs to sit quietly or lie down. You need to give them somethingcontaining sugar (if they can swallow) like orange juice or regular coke.

Call 911 if unresponsive or if they dont improve.


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StrokeSigns- * sudden facial droop, weakness in one side of the body, trouble

speaking.

Victim needs the area safe, call 911, do CPR if needed

Injury Emergencies Bleeding External

*Victim needs to apply direct pressure to the wound while you don

protective equipment. With a gloved hand *use a dressing to applypressure, and elevate the extremity. Remember to apply pressure ASAP to

aid clotting. Call 911 if necessary. Look for shock.

*If there is a puncture wound and the object is still in the victim leave it.

Nosebleeds

*Using gauze apply pressure to the nostrils while having the victim sit and

lean their head forward.

Amputations

Call 911, put on gloves, and apply direct pressure to the stump to stopbleeding, watch for shock. If you find the part rinse it in water rap it in a

dressing and place it in an airtight bag, and label it with the persons name.Place that bag in another bag with ice.

Shock

Signs-* Weak, dizzy, shivering, restless, confused, vomit, are thirsty, palecool clammy skin theyve lost a lot of blood, had a heart attack etc.

*Victim needs to lie down. *You need to elevate their feet, make them

comfortable (blanket), and reinsure them. Call 911.

Internal Bleeding

Signs- suspect if they have been in a car crash, fell, been stabbed, shot, has

bruises, and shows signs of shock.Victim needs to lie down and stay still. *Check and suspect shock, call911, and do CPR and AED if needed.

Head and Spine InjurySigns- Unresponsive, sleepy, confused, vomit, headache, difficulty seeing,

and moving. Suspect if there is an injury to upper body (*head or chest), a

fall from a height, motor vehicle crash, forceful blows to the head, chest.

Victim needs someone to call 911. Dont allow the victims head to move(C-Spine immobilization).

Injuries to Bones, Joints, and Muscles

Signs- deformity, pain, bruising.

Victim needs RICE- rest, ice, compress, elevate. Cover open wound withdressings, stop bleeding. Dont apply ice directly to the skin *cover with a

towel then ice dont let victim move injured sight. Dont try to straighten

injury. Call 911 if needed or transport to ER.

Burns from Heat

Signs- contact with fire, hot surface, liquid, or steam.Victim needs to stop, drop and roll if still on fire. Remove burned

clothing if they arent stuck to skin. Start CPR if unresponsive. If 1st or

2nd degree *run cold water over it for 15 to 30 minutes.


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Burns from ElectricitySigns- marks or wounds where electricity entered and exited.

Victim needs someone to call 911 if needed. Dont touch victim if they

are still in contact with power source. If unresponsive do CPR. Check for

signs of shock.CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Chain of Survival- Early access (911), Early CPR, Early AED, Advanced

Care.Check for responsiveness *Shake and shout Are you okay?

Call 911 or send someone to call

Open the airway- head-tilt, chin lift.Check for breathing- Look, Listen, and Feel *if they are breathing

recovery position (on side) if no head or spine injury.

*Give two rescue breathes if not breathing keep airway open use mask or

shield

*Check for signs of circulationStart chest compressions- *if no signs of circulation are present.

Continue giving 15 chest compressions and 2 breaths until EMS arrives*Recheck for signs of circulation after four 15:2 cycles or about 1 minute

*If the victim is breathing normally turn them on their side (recovery pos.)AED Automated External Defibrillator

Call 911

Start CPR

No signs of circulation use AED *the sooner the higher the survival rate*Use the AED as soon as possible. *Stop CPR start the AED process

Turn on AED attach electrodes to the victims chest

Follow prompts from the AED machineClear the victim (analyzing rhythm)*Clear the victim (make sure no one is touching them) push shock button

*If there is a medicine patch remove it and wipe the area dry before

attaching the pad.Environmental Emergencies

Snake bites

Signs- *one or two dots or teeth marks means poisonous. U shaped

bites are probably not poisonous.Victim needs to have someone call 911. Tell victim not to move, be still

and calm. Wash the wound with soap and water. If the bite is from a

coral snake apply pressure by wrapping the bite area with several elasticbandages.

Human and Animal Bites

Call 911. *Wash the area with soap and water, then stop the bleeding.*Report all wild animal bite to police.

Bee Stings

Call 911 if an allergic reaction is occurring. *Bad allergic reaction signsinclude tongue and face swelling and trouble breathing. Help victim with

Epipen if reaction occurs. Remove stinger with a card. Clean area with


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soap and water. Put ice on the sting area. Watch the victim for signs of a

bad allergic reaction.

Spider and Scorpion

Signs- muscle cramps, headache, fever, vomiting, breathing problems,

seizures, unresponsive.Victim needs someone to call 911. If unresponsive call 911. Clean the

bite area with soap and water. Put ice on the area.

Ticks*Remove the tick with fingers or tweezers applying light constant pulling

pressure. Dont use matches, lotion etc. Wash the bite with soap and

water. Put ice on the area. Get medical attention if you are in a Lyme

Disease region.

Frostbite

Signs- in cold with part exposed. Usually fingers, nose, ears, and toes.Area is waxy, white, or gray-yellow. Area is cold and numb. Area is

hard.Victim needs to get to a warm place. Call 911. Remove tight clothing,

and jewelry. Remove wet clothing. *Dont thaw area if you are near amedical facility (let them do it) or if it could refreeze. Dont rub area, use

heating pad or fire, give alcohol, let victim smoke cigarettes.

HypothermiaSigns- shivering in mild hypothermia. *In more serious cases (severe

hypothermia) shivering has stopped- confused, change in behavior.

Muscles stiff and rigid, skin ice cold and blue. Victim becomes

unresponsive and appears dead.Victim needs to get to warmth ASAP. Take off wet clothing, put on dry,

handle victim carefully. Call 911. Put blankets and any other clothing onand around the victim. If unresponsive start CPR.

Heat Related Emergencies

Signs- muscle cramps, sweating, headache, nausea, weakness, dizziness.

Heatstroke (most serious)- confusion, inability to drink and vomit, red,hot, dry skin, shallow breathing, seizures, unresponsiveness.

*Victim needs to get to a cool, or shady area. *Loosen or remove tight

clothing. *Encourage victim to drink water if responsive. Spray victimwith cool water, fan the victim. Call 911 and do CPR as needed.

Poison Emergencies

Call 911 and poison control 800-222-1222. Remove victim from area if

you can safely. If victim is unresponsive start CPR. Wash or removepoison from victims skin, *run water over area for at least 20 minutes or

until EMS arrives, remove contaminated clothing. Wash area with water,

wash eye being sure to not contaminate other eye. Get MSDS (MaterialSafety Data Sheet) and follow procedures.

Documents

First Aid Instruction