Self-Survival ProceduresFire/EMS Safety, Health & Survival Week

Firefighters/EMTs can increase their self-survival procedures by reviewing the following topics:◦Avoid Panic◦Mnemonic Learning Aids such as “GRAB-LIVES”◦Emergency Breathing

By following key points in the proceeding slides, and their associated Near-Miss Reports, Firefighters/EMTs can be better increase their “Self-Survival Procedures”

Self-Survival Procedures

Avoid Panic

Although easier said than done, it is crucial for a Firefighter/EMT to attempt to remain calm and revert back to their training when in a Mayday situation.

Panic is the result of a sudden, overwhelming terror or condition that leads to an increased heart rate, air consumption, and altered level of thinking/situational awareness.

Remain calm, take deep breaths, and follow emergency procedures dictated by the situation that you are in.

Avoid PanicNear-Miss Report 09-400

“…At the third floor, the crew found smoke exiting from under a closed bedroom door. The officer opened the door to find fire and heavy smoke. One of the crew members quickly realized that he forgot to place his regulator into his mask. With the hallway quickly filling with smoke, the member struggled to make the connection. He was unable to make the connection and began to panic. He turned and left the crew without telling the other members. He made his way outside to fresh air. He was able to connect his regulator and returned to the crew inside.”

Mnemonics assist Firefighters/EMTs in learning live saving techniques in an easy to understand way.

Studies on mnemonics have shown spectacular recall abilities by users of the devices.

Mnemonic Learning Aids: ”GRAB-LIVES”

G-Gauge-Check your airR-Radio-Mayday given on RadioA-Activate-Activate your PASSB-Breathe-Control your breathing

L-  Low.  Stay low to the groundI-  Illuminate.  Shine your lightV- Volume.  Make noiseE-  Exit.  Search for an exit.S- Shield.  As a last resort, with no air, remove your regulator and shield your airway to filter the smoke.

“…Part way up the stairs, he completely ran out of air. In a condition of "high motivation,” he started to hurry. Staying low and following the hoseline, he became disoriented and ended up reversing his direction. He then fell back down the stairs, knocking his face piece off.  The conditions were still untenable. He repositioned his face piece so his Nomex hood would give him some filtering action. He then activated his PASS device and activated the emergency button on his radio. He stated that he was unable to speak due to the heavy smoke conditions”.

Mnemonics: “GRAB-LIVES”Near-Miss Report 10-277

In the event that a Firefighter/EMT is out of air and needs to perform some sort of emergency breathing, proper training and understanding of such is crucial in the outcome of the event.

Don’t let an emergency situation be the first time you attempt an emergency breathing exercise-TRAIN.

Emergency breathing includes buddy breathing, skip-breathing & other techniques, equalizing tanks, etc.

Emergency Breathing

“…A few moments passed and I felt the last breath come through my air line… Iturned and crawled to where I thought the exit was, back and to my left, and found myself in a small space; definitely not the exit. I had now exhausted the air in my tank and face piece, and was using a dive technique of rapid breathing to redistribute the air in my lungs. I back crawled a few feet, moved left thinking the line was in the room and thus a way out, but found nothing as the line was pulled back with the crew in the hall. I stopped, dropped my face to the floor, cracked the chin of my mask, took a shallow breath, and said, “I’m out of air”…”

Emergency BreathingNear-Miss Report 05-478

Activity 1: “GRAB-LIVES”◦ Have a Firefighter/EMT follow a hose line into a room with a

blacked-out face piece or backwards hood. Constrain the member in a way that will not injury him/her. The firefighter/EMT should at this point go through a Mayday procedure, specifically by following the “GRAB-LIVES” mnemonic.

Activities

Activity 2: Conserving Air◦ This activity is rather simple but can require up to 1 hour of time. Have

member bleed several SCBA cylinders down to ¼ capacity.◦ For one evolution, have members pulling hose lines, climbing stairs, and

other physical events. Note the time it takes to deplete the tank to the point that the mask begins sucking to the face.

◦ For the 2nd evolution, again starting at ¼ capacity, have members in a resting position breathing at a normal, controlled, rate and observe the time it takes to deplete the tank.

◦ This exercise demonstrates how by attempting to remain calm and conserve air, a rather large amount of time can be added to your available air, allowing others to find you in a Mayday situation.

Activities

Photos courtesy of the IAFC Photo Contest”