Fire Wise How to Winter 2011

8/3/2019 Fire Wise How to Winter 2011

1/14

Alrh~lyh Dg~%V

Vdh Alrh~lyh Igeexmlv| ^dhm Alrh Yvrlchy Dgeh

B r v l i k h y b m f d h k p a x k d l m v y g m d g ~ v g l m i g r p g r b v h A l r h ~ l y h p r l m i l p k h y -

Oxv Vhtby ~by mgv bkgmh- Igeexmlvlhylm yvbvhy vd gxndgxv vdh mbvlgm+ lmikxf%lmn Gckbdgeb+ Ql nlmlb bmf Nhg nlb+bkyg htph lhmihf yh lgxy al h igmfl%vlgmy- Vdly blyhf bm lepg vbmv rxhyvlgmvdbv ~h vdgxndv ~g vd pgylmn: ^dhmal h yv lchy dgeh+ ~dbv khyygmy ibm ~hkhb m7

^dlkh lvy dhkpaxk vg flyixyy vdh ebm|abihvy ga p hpb lmn |gx dgeh+ p gp%

h v| bmf igeexmlv| ag vdh vd hbv ga ~lkfal h+ by ~h gavhm fg+ lm vdly lyyxh Dg~%Vg ~h lmyvhbf kggc bv ~dbv dbp%phmy ~dhm al h fghy yv lch gaah lmnph yphivlqhy gm dg~ Al h~lyh p bivlihyeb| blf dgehg~mh y bmf al halndvh y~dhm ~lkfal h hmi gbidhy+ by ~hkk by~dh h ~h eb| mhhf vg lep gqh-

^hkk bkyg kggc bv igeexmlvlhy a ge~dgyh eheoh y+ dbqlmn htph lhmihfal h lm vdhl elfyv+ b h mg~ yhhclmn vg

hepkg| Al h~lyh p bivlihy vg lep gqhvdhl ybahv| bmf bolklv| vg alndv ~lkfal hydgxkf lv hvx m-

VDLY LYAlrh~lyh Igeexmlv| Htbepkh P-

Rxhyvlgmy bmf Bmy~hryP-

Brgxmf vdh Alrh~lyh DgehP-

Vdh Alrh~lyh KhbfhrP-2Xpigelmn Hqhmvy

Alrhdgxyh ^grkf Ahorxbr| 2+ ?02?Kgy Bmnhkhy+ IB

Lmvhrmbvlgmbk Byygilbvlgmga ^lkfkbmf AlrhBprlk 2>%2


2/14?

YdhmbmfgbdAbrey Qlrnlmlb

Vdh Alrh~lyh ige%

xmlv| ga YdhmbmfgbdAbrey klhy ~lvdlm v~g

gxmvlhy: ^brrhm bmf

kbrch+ mhyvkhf lm vdh

Ydhmbmfgbd Qbkkh|

hnlgm ga Qlrnlmlb- Vdh

geexmlv| ly ebfh

p ga 9+9?9 kgvy+ gm

pprgtlebvhk| ?+000

irhy ga egxmvblm kbmf+

mf ly ixrrhmvk| vdh ylvh

a 2+?00 dgehy- Lvy

geexmlv| eheohry

blmvblm egrh vdbm 60

lkhy ga egyvk| nrbqhk

gbfy-

Ydhmbmfgbd Ab ey dby ohhmlmqgkqhf ~lvd Al h~lyh ylmih?001- Ylmih vdbv vleh+ yxp%pg vhf o| Ql nlmlb Fhpb vehmvga Ag hyv | Al h~lyh P gn beaxmflmn+ vdh igeexmlv| dby ib %

lhf gxv b mxeoh ga p gjhivy+lmikxflmn hfxilmn axhky vg klelv~lkfal hy yp hbf+ lmyvbkklmn ixk%fh%ybiy ~lvdlm vdh igeexmlv|+p gqlflmn Al h~lyh hfxibvlgm gmfhahmylokh ypbih bmf flyphmylmn^lkfal h Heh nhmi| Hqbixbvlgmoggckhvy-

^lvd vdh i hbvlgm ga fhahmylokh

ypbih lm elmf+ lm Bp lk ?020+Ydhmbmfgbd Ab ey dgehg~mh yi hbvhf o xyd plkhy ga fg~mhf~ggf| ebvh lbk+ bmf hegqhfoxydhy bmf xmfh n g~vd a geb gxmf vdhl dgehy ag ehidbm%libk hegqbk- Eg h vdbm 28 vgmyga ~ggf fho ly ~by hegqhfa ge vdh igeexmlv| fx lmn vdlyaxhk hfxivlgm p gjhiv-

B AL_H^LYH IGEEXMLV\:

Ydhmbmfgbd Abrey^dhm Alrh~lyh Prbivlihy Yhrqh vg Prgvhiv

Vdh kgmh ibyxbkv|-

Hlndvhhm bi hy ga ~ggfhf kbmf ox mhf fx lmn vdh Ydhmbmfgbd Ab ey


3/14

Gm Aho xb | 2


4/146

Dg~%Vg: Lm Givgoh ?020+ |gx v blmhf eheoh y ga vdhVhtby Ag hyv Yh qlih lm vdh xyhga vdh fbvb igkkhivlgm ehvdgfgk%gn| |gx dbf fhqhkgphf ag vdhMbvlgmbk Lmyvlvxvh ga Yvbmfb fybmf Vhidmgkgn|- Dg~ flf vdbv cmg~khfnh igeh lm dbmf| lmhqbkxbvlmn vdh ^lkkg~ I hhc bmf Vbmnkh~ggf Igepkht al hy vdbv yv xic gxvylfh ga Beb lkkg+ Vhtby+vdh agkkg~lmn Aho xb |7

Bkht Ebrbmndlfhy: Lm Givgoh ?020+ ~h igmfxivhfb gmh%fb| ~g cydgp bmf b v~g%fb| v blmlmn yhyylgm lm Obyv gp+ VT- Vdh gmh%fb| ~g cydgp+ b jglmv haag v ohv~hhm MLYV bmfvdh Vhtby Ag hyv Yh qlih $ VAY,+~by blehf bv lmag elmn yvbvhbmf hnlgmbk al yv hypgmfh yga gx mh~ ehvdgfgkgn| agigkkhivlmn ^XL al h fbvb- Vdhv~g%fb| v blmlmn yhyylgm ~by

yphilalibkk| fhylnmhf vg o lmnfbvb igkkhivg y xp vg yphhf gmdg~ vg xyh vdly mh~ v~g%vlh hfehvdgfgkgn|-

Vdly pb vmh ydlp ~by yphb %dhbfhf o| Cb hm _lfhmgx ga VAY- Lm bfflvlgm vg vdh v blmlmn+ VAY igeelvvhf yhkhivhf fbvbigkkhivg y ag p galilhmi| v blm%lmn fx lmn vdh abkk bmf hb k|~lmvh - Bkk vdly ~g c ~by lmyv x%ehmvbk lm hmboklmn vdh bplf

bmf yxiihyyaxk jglmv fbvb igkkhi%vlgm fhpkg|ehmv lm Beb lkkg- Byb hyxkv+ vdh alhkf fhpkg|ehmvbmf fbvb igkkhivlgm ehvdgfgk%gn| ~h h yxiihyyaxkk| vhyvhflm Beb lkkg bmf ~h mg~ dbqh bqh | igepkhvh fbvb yhv ag vdh Vbmnkh~ggf Igepkht Al h- VdhLmlvlbk _higmmblyybmih VhidmlibkMgvhvdbv ~h lyyxhf lm Jxk| ?022+

dlndklndvy vdhyh p gihyyhy bmfdby lfhmvlalhf ygeh p hklelmb |almflmny-

Dg~%Vg: Flf vdh byyhyyehmv ga yxyihpvlolklv| vg b ~lkfal hhqhmv khbf vg bm| bfqbmih p hp~g c+ xylmn Al h~lyh p bivlihy+o| eheoh y ga vdh igeexmlv|7 La yg+ flf |gx pgyv%al h yvxf| almf vdbv vdgyh ~dg vggc p hqhmvlqhehbyx hy ~h h bokh vg ohvvh p gvhiv vdhl dgehy bmf p gp%

h v|7 Bkht Ebrbmndlfhy: Lm vdh abkk ga ?020+ VAY dbf igm%fxivhf b igeexmlv| hfxibvlgmp gn be bv gmh ga vdh igeexml%vlhy baahivhf o| vdh Vbmnkh~ggfIgepkht Al h- ^h ~lkk oh bmbk|z%lmn vdh lepbiv ga vdh p h%al hdbzb f elvlnbvlgm bivlgmy vbchmo| vdh igeexmlv|'dgehg~m%h y lm gx mhtv Vbmnkh~ggfIgepkht Al h _hpg v-

Dg~%Vg: ^dbv hkyh dby vdhfbvb a ge |gx yvxflhy hqhbkhf vdxy ab bogxv vdh al hy |gxqhohhm bokh vg yvxf|7

Bkht Ebrbmndlfhy: Vdh eblm ehyybnh ly vdbv lv lyqh | lepg vbmv vg igmfxiv bvdg gxnd fbvb igkkhivlgm bmfbmbk|yly ohag h ebclmn bm|ikbley bogxv vdh hklbolklv| bmflepbiv ga dbzb f elvlnbvlgm

vhidmlrxhy- Gx fbvb igkkhivlgmehvdgfgkgn| flaah y lm v~g axm%fbehmvbk ~b|y a ge ~dbv dbyv bflvlgmbkk| ohhm fgmh lm vdhpbyv- Al yvk|+ ~h igkkhiv fbvb a gebkk vdh yv xivx hy+ mgv jxyv vdgyhvdbv ngv fhyv g|hf- Yhigmfk|+ ~hvbch ylnmlalibmv begxmvy ga vlehvg lfhmvla| fhahmylqh bivlgmyvbchm lm vdh igeexmlv| o|

al yv hypgmfh y bmf hylfAgkkg~lmn b h b igxpkh htbevg lkkxyv bvh ~d| ogvd ga vdb h i lvlibk-

Fgixehmvlmn gmk| fhyv g|hfbmf fbebnhf yv xivx hyibm hyxkv lm h gmhgxy fblmvh p hvbvlgm ~lvd hyphvg yv xivx bk lnmlvlgmy- Bv V blky igeexmlv| lm Ybm FlhIB+ ag htbepkh+ vdh ^lvid'Nxhjlvg al hy lm ?00> fhyv>6 dgehy bmf fbebnhf 21- Gxvga vdh >6 fhyv g|hf dgehy+ 2dbf ~ggf ydbch ggay $ga qblmn bnhy bmf v hbvehmvy,+ 9> dbf Ypbmlyd vlkh ggay $bmf ~lvdgxv ol f yvgpy,+ ?6 digepgylvh ggay+ bmf vdh h gmh ehvbk gga- Vdh ~ggf yd

ggay ~h h p hyhmv lm 21( vdh fhyv g|hf yv xivx hy+ ~vdh Ypbmlyd vlkh ggay ~hhmv lm 80( ga vdh fhyv g|hfyv xivx hy- Vdh h ~h h b v

?68 yv xivx hy ~lvdlm vdh aIgmylfh lmn vdh ph ag ebmga ggay ~lvdlm vdh al h klm200( ga vdh ~ggf ydbch ggayhtpgyhf ~h h fhyv g|hf ~dlkhgmk| ?6( ga Ypbmlyd vlkh g~h h fhyv g|hf- O| fgixehmv%lmn bkk yv xivx hy ~lvdlm vklmh+ vdh hkbvlqhk| dlnd $babivg y ohlmn hrxbk, qxkmhlv| ga ~ggf ydbch ggay yvbmgxv- ^dlkh rxbmvla|lmn yv xiyx qlqbolklv| ly b igepkht pihyy vdbv lmqgkqhy igmyv xpb vlixkb y bmf ehbyx hy gbmf heoh htpgyx h+ vdh bohtbepkh lkkxyv bvhy dg~ elyklmn pb vlbk lmag ebvlgm ib

Lfhmvla|lmn vdh fhahmylqh bbkyg ly i lvlibk- Vdh lmlvlbkebvlgm igkkhivhf ~lvdlm Vdh V blky igeexmlv| agkkg~lmn

RXHYVLGMY BMF BMY^H_Y ^LVD:

Bkhtbmfhr EbrbmndlfhyLm vdly lyyxh ga Dg~%VgMh~ykhvvhr+ Bkhtbmfhr

Ebrbmndlfhy+ b AlrhPrgvhivlgm Hmnlmhhr ~grclmn

agr vdh Mbvlgmbk Lmyvlvxvh ga Yvbmfbrfy bmf Vhidmgkgn|

$MLYV3 X-Y- Fhpbrvehmvga Igeehrih,+ flyixyyhy

dg~ dly rhyhbrid dhkpy vgfhqhkgp rhklbokh bmf lepkh%

ehmvbokh dbzbrf rhfxi%

vlgm ygkxvlgmy agr alrh lm vdh^lkfkbmf'Xrobm Lmvhrabih$^XL,- Er- Ebrbmndlfhy

yphmfy dbka ga dly vleh bvMLYV+ lm Nblvdhryoxrn+ EF+

bmf vdh gvdhr dbka ~lvd vdhX-Y- Agrhyv Yhrqlih+ Alrh bmf

Hmqlrgmehmvbk _hyhbridBppklibvlgmy $AH_B, vhbe

lm Yhbvvkh+ ^B- ^lvd vdhdlndk| xmxyxbk alrh yhbygm lm

Vhtby+ dhlndvhmhf o| yhqhrhfrgxndv+ vdh R!B agixyhygm dly gmnglmn ~grc ~lvd

eheohry ga vdh Vhtby AgrhyvYhrqlih+ lm pbrvlixkbr vdhlr

rhyhbrid ga vdh ^lkkg~ Irhhc bmf Vbmnkh~ggf Igepkht

alrhy vdbv yvrxic mhbrBebrlkkg+ VT hbrk| lm ?022-
http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=908719http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=908719http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=908719http://www.nist.gov/customcf/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=908719


5/14

AL_H^LYHO\ VDH MXEOH_Y

By ?022 f b~y vg b ikgyh+ Al h~lyhIgeexmlvlhy'XYB ~hkigehy 99 ige%exmlvlhy lmvg vdh Al h~lyh agkf ylmAbkk lyyxh- Eg h vdbm >80 igeexmlb h mg~ bivlqhk| pb vlilpbvlmn lm v~lkfal h ybahv| p gn be-

^dlkh ~h b~blv almbk mxeoh y ga hbky ag ?022 $~lvd vdh fhbfklmh bv hmf ga Fhiheoh ,+ eg h vdbm 80 phihmv ga kbyv |hb y pb vlilpbmvy dbbk hbf| igmal ehf vdhl bivlqh yvbvxMhb k| b vdl f ga vdh ix hmvk| bivAl h~lyh Igeexmlvlhy'XYB ylvhy dbqpb vlilpbvhf lm vdh p gn be ag alqeg h |hb y-

^dhvdh |gx igeexmlv| ly mh~ g bmgkf%vleh + ohlmn Al h~lyh ehbmb~b hmhyy bmf ybahv| ag |gx dgeh

bmf igeexmlv|- Vdh eg h Al h~lyhIgeexmlvlhy'XYB ylvhy vdh h b h+ eg h ga |gx vdh h b h ~dg ~lkk oh ppb lmn vg p hqhmv al h a ge hbid|gx dgehy bmf p gph v|-

Igmn bvxkbvlgmy vg bkk ga gx Aligeexmlvlhy ag ebclmn b~b hmhyy ~lkfal h bmf vdh ybahv| ga |gx igeexvlhy b vgp p lg lv|"

Dg~%Vg Mh~ykhvvh ly pkhbyhf vg ~hkigeh vdh agkkg~lmn igeexmlvlhy:

B cbmyby O lnnyqlkkh

B lzgmb Exmfy Pb c

Akg lfb Plmh _lfnh

Nhg nlb B n|kh+ Nhg nlb Ohmf+ K^ggfy+ Yv- Nhg nh+ ^ggf Kbch

Lfbdg Nb fhm I hhc+ EbiCb| Al hFlyv liv+ Gyox m+ V b|ly _lfnh+ ^b

Eblmh Ixydlmn Lykbmf ga Pg vkbm

Ebyybidxyhvvy Dgppy Ab e _gbf

Elyylyylppl Mgtbpbvh

Egmvbmb ^dlvhalyd

Mg vd Ib gklmb Abl alhkf Pkbmvbv

Agmvbmb Qlh~+ Yxeeh DbqhmGckbdgeb Ebmnxe

G hngm Klvdlb I hhc Hyvbvhy+Rxblkdbqhm+ _le gic ^hyv

Ygxvd Fbcgvb Yphb alyd Ibm|gm

Vhmmhyyhh Igook| Mgo+ Ydbnob c

Ql nlmlb Dgnxh I hhc Hyvbvhy+ JgkDgkkg~%Fhqlky Jxep+ Ylkklmn Yp

^bydlmnvgm Ohkkb Qlyvb+ Ybmf FYmxn Db og

00> ^lvid'Nxhjlvg al hy yxn%hyvhf vdbv qh | klelvhf fhahm%lqh bivlgmy giix hf ~lvdlmdh igeexmlv|- Yxoyhrxhmvk|+eg h igep hdhmylqh fbvb

gkkhivlgm bmf flyixyylgmy ~lvdgehg~mh y bmf al yv hypgmf%

y fhvh elmhf vdbv gmh gxv ga qh | vd hh yv xivx hy lm vdbvgeexmlv| dbf ohhm fhahmfhf-lvdgxv vdly lmag ebvlgm gmhahmylqh bivlgmy+ b igepkhvhyyhyyehmv ga vdh hkhqbmv abi%

g y xmfh k|lmn vdh yx qlqbolk%v| ga yv xivx hy igxkf mgv ohyyhyyhf-

Dg~%Vg: ^dbv b h ygeh ga dh khyygmy ~h ibm khb m a gedh lmag ebvlgm nb mh hf a gegx hyhb id ga vdh al hy7

Bkht Ebrbmndlfhy: Vdhqh b idlmn vhidmlibk almflmn lydbv+ lm g fh vg fhqhkgp hklbokhbzb f elvlnbvlgm ygkxvlgmy+ ~h

mhhf vg xmfh yvbmf bmf rxbm%la| htpgyx h- Rxbmvla|lmn vdhl h bmf heoh htpgyx h dby

mgv ohhm fgmh igmylyvhmvk| lmdh pbyv- ^lvdgxv ohlmn bokh vgxbmvla| htpgyx h+ |gx ibmmgv

xk| hqbkxbvh vdh ph ag ebmiha dbzb f elvlnbvlgm ygkxvlgmy-h mhhf vg oh bokh vg igepb hv xivx hy vdbv htph lhmihflelkb htpgyx hy- Gmk| vdhm ibmh v xk| hqbkxbvh vdh lepbivmf haahivlqhmhyy ga flaah hmvbzb f elvlnbvlgm vhidmgkgnlhy-

Vhidmlibkk| vdly ly b oln idbk%hmnh+ bmf ~h $MLYV bmf vdh

X-Y- Ag hyv Yh qlih, b h ~g clmnm b vhidmlibk a beh~g c- Vdh

beh~g c lmikxfhy alhkf fbvbgkkhivlgm bmf bmbk|yly+ by ~hkky htph lehmvy bmf igepxvhgfhklmn-

Dg~%Vg: Ibm lmvh hyvhf ige%exmlvlhy hrxhyv v blmlmn lm vdhxyh ga |gx fbvb igkkhivlgm ehvd%gfgkgn| ag igmfxivlmn yvxflhylm vdhl b hb7

Bkht Ebrbmndlfhy: Vdh v~g%vlh hf fbvb igkkhivlgmehvdgf ly fhylnmhf vg bff hyy+

hyhb id mhhfy by ~hkk by vdhmhhfy ga vdh lmilfhmv igeebmf%h y bmf vdgyh ga igeexmlvlhy-Gx fbvb igkkhivlgm lm Beb lkkg

hlmag ihf vdbv v blmlmn o| lvyhka ly mgv yxaalilhmv bmf vdbv ~lvd%gxv p bivlih+ lv ly qh | flaalixkvvg igkkhiv hklbokh fbvb- ^h b h~g clmn gm b v blmlmn'bii hflvb%vlgm y|yvhe vdbv ~lkk oh ebfhbqblkbokh vg vdh nhmh bk pxokli-Lmvh hyvhf pb vlhy ~lkk vdhmoh bokh vg xyh vdh v blmlmn vgigmfxiv vdh mhihyyb | ph lgflip bivlihy mhihyyb | vg eblmvblmvdhl p galilhmi|-

^h ohklhqh vdbv igeexmlvlhyb h b oln pb v ga vdh ^XL dbz%b f hfxivlgm ygkxvlgm- Gmk| o|fgixehmvlmn ~dbv ly vdh h bmf~dbv ly ox mlmn ~lkk ~h oh bokhvg fhqhkgp hklbokh bmf lepkh%ehmvbokh dbzb f hfxivlgm ygkx%vlgmy-


6/141

B_GXMF VDH AL_H^LYH DGEH:

Ohlmn Prhpbrhf Ebfh Bkk vdh Flaahrhmih: Gmh_hylfhmvy Phryphivlqh Vdly yxeeh + vdh yvbvh ga Vhtby vggc bdhbvlmn klvh bkk|- Khmnvd| f gxndv bmff | axhky igeolmhf vg i hbvh igxmvkhyy~lkfal hy vd gxndgxv vdh yvbvh- Gm gmh fb|bkgmh+ 19 al hy ox mhf vd gxndgxv Vhtby+bmf gmh ga vdh db f%dlv igeexmlvlhy ~byObyv gp+ ~dh h Kgly bmf Olkk Dg moxickhdbf ogxndv vdhl hvl hehmv dgeh- Ga vdh?2 dgehy lm vdhl leehflbvh mhlndog %dggf+ gmk| > heblm bmf+ lm vdh gqh bkkObyv gp igeexmlv| ~dlid ly mgv begmnvdh yvbvhy Al h~lyh igeexmlvlhy bpp gtl%ebvhk| 2+100 dgehy ~h h fhyv g|hf-

Dbqlmn klqhf lm yxox obm Dgxyvgm xmvlk vdh

px idbyh ga vdhl dgeh ~lvdlm vdh ige%exmlv| ga Vbdlvlbm Qlkkbnh+ vdh Dg moxickhy

hbklzhf vdh| ~h h lnmg bmv bogxv ~lkfal hbmf vdbv lv pgyhf b vd hbv vg vdhl dgxyh- Vdh| igmvbivhf P-J- Phb ygm+ b ph ygmbka lhmf ~dg bkyg ly b hvl hf yvbvh ag hyv |p gahyylgmbk+ bmf bychf la dh ~gxkf byyhyyvdhl p gph v|- Kgly bkyg ypgch ~lvd byebm| al halndvh y by ydh igxkf vg khb m dg~vg p hpb h vdh Dg moxickh dgeh lm ibyhga b al h-

P-J- vgkf vdh Dg moxickhy vdh| ~h h klqlmngm b pg~fh chn- Dh nbqh xy ygeh qh |nggf yxnnhyvlgmy gm ikhbmlmn xp bmfi hbvlmn b fhahmfbokh ypbih b gxmf gxdgeh+ hibkkhf Kgly- ^h yvb vhf ~lvd vdhleehflbvh b hb b gxmf gx dgxyh bmfykg~k| egqhf gxv~b f lmvg vdh ag hyv+ ~lvdgx ngbk vg ikhb pgyylokh axhky ~dlkh i hbv%lmn il ixkb zgmhy ga p gvhivlgm-

Gqh v~g |hb y vleh+ ydh bmf Olkkhepkg|hf b qb lhv| ga Al h~lyh p bivlihyxid by hegqlmn plmh mhhfkhy bmf qlma ge b gxmf vdh dgxyh3 ikhb lmn fhbfoxydhy bmf v hhy a ge qb lgxy yhivlgmvdhl bi h ga p gph v|+ egqlmn gxv avdh dgxyh vg~b f vdh bfjbihmv ag hyv

hegqh kbffh axhky3 hpkbilmn gkf+ fgxv ~ggf gm vgp ga vdhl fhic ~lvd mh~~ggf3 bmf dbqlmn b ehvbk gga pxv gm dgeh-

Lm bfflvlgm+ vg igeobv h gylgm hyxka ge vdh ykgph ga vdhl kbmf+ vdh| pxidbyhf i xydhf n bmlvh+ o gxndv lm b kgbf bv b vleh+ bmf flyox yhf lv b gxmvdhl p gph v|-

Lv ~by bm gmnglmn p gihfx h ag xy vdh kbyv v~g |hb y+ htpkblmhf Kgly- ~gxkf nhv b v xickgbf hqh | ah~ egmvdy

Vdh obic b hb ga vdh Dg moxickh dgeh+ vbchm Givgoh ?020 Ylt dgx y ohag h vdh al h ibeh vd gxnd+ Olkk bmf Kgly hvx mvx m vdh ~bvh gm vdhl obic fhic-

Vdhyh v~g pdgvgy $bogqh bmf lndv,+ by ~hkk by vdh pdgvgy gm pbnh > ~h h vbchm bavh vdh al h- Mgvlih dg~ vdh pbvdy ~g chf by b al ho hbc-


7/14

Olkk bkyg xyhf ygeh hvblmlmn yvgmhy vg i h%vh b vh bilmn haahiv vg dhkp ~lvd vdh ykgp%mn- Bavh vdh n bmlvh ~by lm+ L xyhf ehflxe%lzhf gicy a ge gx p gph v| vg klmh vdhfnh ga vdh n bmlvh+ vg chhp lv a ge yp hbf%mn gxv- Bmf+ vg chhp vdh n bmlvh ikhbm+h lgflibkk|+ vdh igxpkh xyhf b |b f okg~hg hegqh plmh mhhfkhy-

Kgly bffhf+ Olkk bkyg pkbihf pb c%klch v blkyd gxndgxv gx p gph v| o| ylepk| bclmn~b| vdh plmh mhhfkhy- Vdhyh v blk b hbyh h ikgyh vg vdh dgxyh+ yg L klmhf vdhelvd gicy-

gmlibkk|+ ~dlkh vdly biv ga klmlmn vdh pbvdylvd gicy ~by fgmh ag bhyvdhvli hbygmybvdh vdbm ohibxyh ga al h ybahv| bfqlihge vdh htph vy vdh| dbf ypgchm vg+ lv dbf

pgylvlqh haahiv3 ~dhm vdh exkvlpkh al hydbv yv xic Obyv gp ibeh vd gxnd+ vdh gicyhbvhf b al h o hbc vdbv chpv yx abih al hge yp hbflmn-

^h dbqh b yhivlgm ga p gph v| lm vdh obic dbv ~by igepkhvhk| xmvgxidhf o| vdh al h+heb chf Kgly- Mgvdlmn ox mhf lm vdly b hb-

Vdh lndv v blk yvgpphf vdh al h igelmn xpm vdh lndv ylfh ga vdh p gph v|+ vdh khav

blk yvgpphf vdh al h igelmn a ge vdh khavlfh ga vdh p gph v| bmf vdh ihmvh b hb ~bymvgxidhf o| vdh al h-

Ohibxyh ga vdhl haag vy+ pb vlixkb k| vdhhegqbk ga kg~%k|lmn axhky+ ~dhm vdh al hy

~hmv vg n gxmf+ vdh| flfmv Sdbqh b ~b| vgUng vg ibmgp|+ goyh qhf P-J- Bmf vdhm vdh~bkc~b|y yh qhf by o hbcy-

Kgly bffhf+ ^dhm ~h ~h h fglmn vdh ~g c+L ~by igmih mhf bogxv vdh haahiv ga vdhikhb lmn gm vdh ~lkfklah+ oxv L flfmv yhh bm|idbmnh lm vdhl dbolvy bmf+ lm ygeh b hby+~h dbf eg h bivlqlv|-

^hqh bkyg khb mhf vdbv vdly ~g c ly bmgmnglmn p gihyy+ igmvlmxhf Kgly- Ag htbe%pkh+ ~lvdlm b ah~ egmvdy ga hegqlmn b vdlic kb|h ga plmh mhhfkhy+ eg h bpphb hf- \gxyvlkk dbqh plmh mhhfkhy+ jxyv mgv b vdlic kb|hvdbv ibm yegkfh fx lmn b al h- ^dlkh lvy bmgmnglmn vbyc+ lvy b ebmbnhbokh gmh-

Vg ax vdh dh cmg~khfnh+ Kgly vggc b ikbyyvd gxnd vdh Al hIBP p gn be lm Obyv gp+p hyhmvhf o| Vhtby Ag hyv Yh qlih igg fl%mbvg Elidbk Dxoob f- Lv ~by bm htihkkhmvikbyy bmf qh | lmag ebvlqh+ ydh mgvhf- Lv ~bypb vlixkb k| hlmag ilmn vg almf vdbv ydh bmfOlkk dbf bk hbf| fgmh egyv ga vdh vdlmny hi%geehmfhf-

Ydh dby ylmih higeehmfhf vdh ikbyy vgebm| phgpkh- $\gx ibm almf gxv eg h bv~~~-al hibp-g n,- Le dgplmn lv eb| nhv

phgpkh lmvh hyvhf lm al hp ggalmn vdhpkbihy- Hyphilbkk| mg~ vdbv L yhh dg~ fgvdhe dhkphf vg ybqh gx dgeh-

Vhtby%Ylzh Aggvmgvhy:P-J- Phb ygm hpvdbv+ lm \gxmn Igxmv|+ Vhtby+ ^lkfibvvh_bmid b kgmh dgeh ~lvd b nxhyv bmidigmqhmvlgm ihmvh bmf yvhbc dgxyh gmp gph v|+ ~dlid ly lvy g~m Al h~lyh igeexmlv| ~by vdh kgmh yx qlqg ga fhqbylmn al h vdbv dlv vdh b hb- Vdh| dbqh fhqh |vdlmn vdbv vdh Vhtby Ag hyv Yhgeehmfhf+ mgvhf P-J-+ bmf mg yv xivxbv vdh bmid ~h h fhyv g|hf- Bkk vdh gvdgxyhy lm vdh b hb ~h h kgyv- Igmqhelkhy ~hyv ga Fbkkby'Ag v ^g vd+ lm PgClmnfge Kbch+ dgehg~mh y ~dg gmk| ixvvdh aggvp lmvy ag vdhl dgehy yg vdbvigxkf oh begmn vdh v hhy kgyv 2?9 dgehylm vdh al yv ga agx al hy vdbv yv xic vexmlv| fx lmn vdh yvbvhy dlndk| xmxyxbyhbygm- Vdhyh htbepkhy fhegmyv bvh ~~h p hbid+ yblf P-J- Ikhbm xp+ eg~ |gxkb~my+ ebch yx h |gx dbqh fhahmylokh ybmf ebch |gx dgeh al h~lyh-

Dg~%Vg vdbmcy Kgly Dg moxickh bmf P-J- Pag p gqlflmn vdh lmag ebvlgm lm vdly B gxAl h~lyh Dgeh lvhe- Bmf ~h vdbmc Olkk Dg mag vdh pdgvgn bpdy-


8/144

B_GXMF VDH AL_H^LYH DGEH: IGMVLMXHF

Ohigelmn Alrh~lyh:^dhm Alrh Ly b Egvlqbvlmn Abivgr Ehh y+ Gckbdgeb+ ly kgibvhf lm gxnd igxmv | axkk ga vgxnd+

hygx ihaxk Gckbdgebmy ~dg b h biixyvgehf vg vdh db ydigmflvlgmy vdbv vdh hnlgm ibm flyd gxv- Vdh yvhhp ibm|gmy+dlkk ykgphy bmf iklaay ga vdh b hb b h klvvh hf ~lvd ogxkfh y+yebkk gbcy bmf mbvlqh n byyhy- Lm ohv~hhm+ vdh h b h ~lfh%gphm pbyvx hy yxojhiv vg vdh dlnd ~lmfy vdbv ~dlp vd gxndvdh b hb- Vdhyh ahbvx hy bkgmh ebch ag b p hvv| ylnmlalibmv~lkfal h fbmnh - Vdly |hb + dg~hqh + ~by b klvvkh ~g yh vdbmegyv by b ph ylyvhmv f gxndv bephf xp vdh ~lkfal h lyc-

Gmh pb vlixkb k| kb nh ~lkfal h ox mhf ag fb|y bmf ~byhtvlmnxlydhf gmk| bavh b fgnnhf alndv %% oxv mgv ohag hebjg kgyyhy giix hf- O| kgibk biigxmvy+ bogxv 20 ph ihmv

ga vdh b hby dgehy ~h h fhyv g|hf-Hqhm ohag h vdh al h+ hylfhmvy ga Ehh y ~h h b~b h vdbvvdhl hegvh kgibvlgm bmf goyvbikh%alkkhf vh blm ~gxkf ohp gokhebvli lm vdh hqhmv ga ~lkfal hy- By yxid+ ebm| |hb ybng+ vdh| obmfhf vgnhvdh vg ag e vdhl g~m qgkxmvhh al hfhpb vehmv yphilbklzhf lm alndvlmn vdh ~lkfkbmf al hy lm vdhlhmql gmehmv- Hrxlpehmv bmf qhdlikhy ~h h px idbyhf bmfgxvalvvhf vg bkkg~ kgibk al halndvh y vg fhbk ~lvd ~lkfkbmfal h igmflvlgmy vg vdh ohyv ga vdhl bolklv|- Dg~hqh + alndv%lmn ~lkfal h lm yxid b kb nh b hb ~dh h vdh pgpxkbvlgm ly yg~lfhk| flyph yhf ly ogvd igepklibvhf bmf flaalixkv-

_hihmvk|+ vdh hylfhmvy ga Ehh y ibeh vgnhvdh lm b p gbi%

vlqh ebmmh vg lep gqh vdhl gffy ydgxkf bmgvdh ~lkfal hyv lch- Vdh| dbqh fhilfhf vg ohigeh b Al h~lyh igeexmlv|-B Al h~lyh ogb f ly ohlmn ag ehf+ ~lvd vdh al yv Al h~lyhehhvlmn bk hbf| dhkf- Vdh igeexmlv| eheoh y bkyg b h~g clmn gm b n bmv bppklibvlgm vg govblm yxppg v a gevdh Gckbdgeb Al h~lyh P gn be+ gph bvhf o| GckbdgebAg hyv | Yh qlihy- Vdhl ngbk ly vg byyhyy bmf fgixehmv vdhlidbkkhmnhy bmf vdhm yhhc bfflvlgmbk elvlnbvlgm axmflmna ge Gckbdgeb Ag hyv | Yh qlihy vg bff hyy vdhl mhhfy- La bkk nghy biig flmn vg pkbm+ vdly n gxp ga Gckbdgebmy ydgxkfoh ohvvh p hpb hf vg abih axvx h ~lkfal hy vdbv eb| vd hbvhmvdhl yebkk igeexmlv|-

Dg~%Vg vdbmcy Chkk| Dx v+ X-Y- Ag hyv Yh qlih lm Gckbdgeb+ ag p gqlf%lmn vdh lmag ebvlgm ag vdly Al h~lyh B gxmf vdh Dgeh ahbvx h-


9/14

m Oln Ohb Kbch+ Ibklag mlb+ vdh| dbqhmvbf al h lm vdhl qbkkh| lm 220 |hb y- Yvlkk+dh hylfhmvy ~bmv vg oh p hpb hf lm vdhqhmv vdbv vdhl al hkhyy yv hbc ydgxkfmf- Fx lmn vdh pbyv agx |hb y+ vdh ige%xmlv| dby hegqhf bpp gtlebvhk| 900ggf ydbch ydlmnkh ggay a ge dgehy bmfhpkbihf vdhe ~lvd ebvh lbky vdbv ehhv

bklag mlb oxlkflmn igfh-

^h yvb vhf ~lvd eg h vdbm 800 dgehylvd ydbch ggay bmf b h mg~ fg~m vgogxv ?00+ mgvhf Fbqlf \hnnh+ b eheoha vdh Oln Ohb Kbch Al h Fhpb vehmv-

Ag lvy haag vy+ vdh igeexmlv| hihlqhf bbmv ag &2-2 elkklgm vg dhkp 280 dgeh%

~mh y hpkbih vdhl ggay- Vdh| bkyg dbqhlvvhm vd hh eg h n bmvy lm igmjxmivlgm

lvd AHEB bmf vdh Ibklag mlb Heh nhmi|Ebmbnhehmv Bnhmi| vg axmf bfflvlgmbkaag vy-

^ggf ydbch ydlmnkhy ibm hbylk| lnmlvhdhm al ho bmfy b h ibxndv lm vdhl i hq%hy+ goyh qhf \hnnh- Vdh ?00> Yklfh Al hm _xmmlmn Yp lmny fhegmyv bvhf ~d| lvyepg vbmv vg hpkbih ydbch ggay-

m Givgoh ?00>+ _xmmlmn Yp lmny+bklag mlb htph lhmihf lvy egyv igyvk| al hm lvy dlyvg | ~dhm b ~lmf%f lqhm al h hqhmvkh~ vd gxnd vdh igeexmlv| rxlich vdbmfhrxbvh hygx ihy igxkf b lqh- Bkvdgxndv xivx hy ga bkk v|phy ~h h kgyv+ vdh al hby egyv fhqbyvbvlmn vg yv xivx hy ~lvdggf ydbch ggay- Al ho bmfy kggyhf o|

vdh ~lmfy lnmlvhf vdh akbeebokh ggalmn+hqhm vdgxnd ygeh ga vdh dgehy ~h hyhqh bk dxmf hf |b fy a ge kb nh akbehy-Igmqh yhk|+ vdgyh yv xivx hy ~lvd Ikbyy B

ggalmn lm vdh ybeh b hby ~h h ypb hf-

^h bfqlyh hylfhmvy vdbv ydbch ydlmnkhymhhf vg oh hpkbihf ~lvd b mgm%ige%oxyvlokh ebvh lbk+ yxid by bypdbkv+ vlkh+ihehmv g ehvbk+ yblf Vgm| N bog~+ idlha ga _xmmlmn Yp lmny Al h Fhpb vehmv- Mh~oxlkflmn igfh yvbmfb fy ~lkk hrxl h vdbvydbch ydlmnkhy oh hpkbihf ~lvd vdhyhbiihpvbokh ebvh lbky+ haahivlqh Jbmxb | 2+?026-

Gvdh igmyv xivlgm yvbmfb fy fhylnmhf vgohvvh p gvhiv dgehy a ge ~lkfal h lmikxfhxylmn vheph hf nkbyy ~lmfg~y+ i hbvlmn

ogthf hbqhy+ bmf hlvdh lmyvbkklmn ylflmnvdbv ly mgm%igeoxyvlokh g i hbvlmn b al~bkk ohv~hhm ylflmn bmf ydhh pbmh oxlkflmn fhicy vdbv ~lkk mgv yxyvblm igeoxyvlgmBfflvlgmbkk|+ bkk mh~ dgehy hrxl h Slmvh

lg U bxvgebvli yp lmckh y|yvhey-

^h bkyg higeehmf pxvvlmn lm mgm%heoh lmv xylgm qhmvy ~dhm fglmn gga ~g c+ yblf \hnnh- Vdh vlndv ehyd qhmvyp hqhmv heoh y a ge nhvvlmn lm bmf bkkglmn vdh al h vg lnmlvh-

Dg~%Vg vdbmcy Fbqlf \hnnh+ Al h Axhky P gn bYxph qlyg ag vdh Oln Ohb Kbch Al h P gvhiFlyv liv+ bmf Vgm| N bog~+ Idlha ga _xmmlmnYp lmny Al h Fhpb vehmv+ ag p gqlflmn vdh lebvlgm ag vdly Al h~lyh B gxmf vdh Dgeh ahbv

Mgm%heoh lmv xylgm qhmvy ibm dhkp p hqhmv lnmlvlgmyIgx vhy| ga vdh Klqlmn ~lvd Al h P gn be bmf vdh Xmlqh ylv| ga Mhqbfb Iggph bvlqh Htvhmylgm-

ggf ydbch ydlmnkhy ibm hbylk| lnmlvh ~dhm al ho bmfy b h ibxndv lm vdhl i hqlihyPdgvg o| Fbqlf \hnnh

Ydbch Xp \gxr _ggalmn O| _hpkbilmn Igeoxyvlokh ^ggf Ydlmnkhy


10/1420

B_GXMF VDH AL_H^LYH DGEH: IGMVLMXHF

Alrh~lyh Prgjhiv ^lvdyvbmfyPlickh Orbmid ^lkfalrh:

Vdrhh Ydlmlmn HtbepkhyQl nlmlb dgehg~mh y ~dg klqh lm ~ggfkbmf dgehy eb| oh bvb dlnd lyc ga ~lkfal h la vdh h b h dhbq| axhk kgbfy gm vdh ag hyvakgg + yvhhp ykgphy+ ygxvd%abilmn byphivy+ g kbffh axhky- Al h~lyhkbmfyibplmn ly b ~b| vg hfxih vdly lyc vg biihpvbokh khqhky o|

hfxilmn axhk kgbfy vg i hbvh al ho hbcy fhahmylokh ypbihb gxmf ~ggfkbmf dgehy-

^lvd vdh mgvlgm ga fhahmylokh ypbih lm elmf+ vdh Mh~ _lqh %Dlndkbmfy _hygx ih Igmyh qbvlgm ! Fhqhkgpehmv $_I!F,Igxmilk+ b mgmp galv g nbmlzbvlgm obyhf lm ^|vdhqlkkh+ Ql nlmlb+bmf vdh Ql nlmlb Fhpb vehmv ga Ag hyv | $QB%FGA, dbqh ohhm

igkkbog bvlmn ag mhb k| b fhibfh vg fhegmyv bvh vdh ohmhalvga Al h~lyh kbmfyibplmn- Ylmih ~lkfkbmf al halndvlmn i h~y dbqhgmk| b klelvhf begxmv ga vleh bmf hygx ihy vg p gvhiv dgehyvdbv b h vd hbvhmhf o| ~lkfal h+ Al h~lyh axhk hfxivlgm bmf kbmf%yibplmn ibm hfxih ~ggfkbmf dgehg~mh y lyc ga ~lkfal h bmfibm dhkp htvhmf al halndvlmn i h~y klelvhf hygx ihy-

Fx lmn ?020+ xylmn axmfy a ge vdh X-Y- Ag hyv Yh qlihIgeexmlv| P gvhivlgm N bmv P gn be+ vdh Mh~ _lqh %Dlndkbmfy_I!F Igxmilk bmf QB%FGA igepkhvhf axhk hfxivlgm ag vd hh~ggfkbmf dgehy vdgyh ga Chm Db lygm+ _-I- Yvhhkh bmf_goh v Ibmmbfb| kgibvhf bkgmn Elkkh Igqh _gbf lm Ibvb~ob+Ql nlmlb bavh hbid hylfhmv bn hhf vg vbch pb v lm vdh P gvhivlmn^ggfkbmf Dgehy p gjhiv- Jxyv ylt egmvdy ohag h vdh PlickhO bmid Al h+ _I!F Igxmilk yvbaa bmf igmv bivg y byyhyyhf hbiddgehy lyc ga ~lkfal h xylmn bm hqbkxbvlgm vggk fhqhkgphf o|vdh Ql nlmlb Fhpb vehmv ga Ag hyv |- Vdh byyhyyehmvy ag vdhdgehy ga E - Db lygm bmf E - Ibmmbfb| lmflibvhf bm htv heh

lyc ga ~lkfal h+ bmf b dlnd lyc ga ~lkfal h ag E - Yvhhkhy dgeh-Mhtv+ p gjhiv igmv bivg Vlvbm ^lkfal h _hygx ihy+ Lmi-+ idlpphfxp bmf hegqhf yhqh bk vgmy ga fg~mhf axhky a ge vdh leeh%flbvh qlilmlv| ga hbid hylfhmih- Vdhyh axhk hfxivlgmy i hbvhffhahmylokh ypbih b gxmf hbid ga vdh hylfhmihy vg hfxih vdh

lyc ga ~lkfal h-

Fx lmn vdh mlndv ga Aho xb | 2< bmf vdh hb k| eg mlmn ga Aho xb | ?0+ ?022+ vdhyh dgehy ~h h fl hivk| vd hbvhmhf o|

vdh Plickh O bmid ^lkfal h+ ~dlid ox mhf eg h vdbm 180 bi hy lmI bln Igxmv|+ Ql nlmlb- Vdh Al h~lyh axhk hfxivlgm p gjhiv ~bypxv vg vdh vgxndhyv vhyv dgehg~mh y bmf ~lkfkbmf al halndvh ybklch dgph vdh| mhqh dbqh vg abihb klqh ~lkfal h ylvxbvlgm-

Ohag h axhk hfxivlgm bivlqlvlhy-

Bavh axhk hfxivlgm bivlqlvlhy-

Bavh vdh al h-

Chm Dbrrlygmy ^ggfkbmf Dgeh

Fx lmn vdh yxeeh egmvdy+ Chm Db lygm ly b ~ggfkbmf dgg~mh + hylflmn lm Ibvb~ob+ Ql nlmlb- By vdh ~lkfal h bppdly dgeh+ ~lkfkbmf al halndvh y yhv xp b V|ph 2 Hmnlmh ~lvdi h~ ga alqh vg p gvhiv vdh yv xivx h- Vdh axhk hfxivlgm haigepkhvhf ylt egmvdy p lg nbqh vdh yv xivx h p gvhivlgm iygeh bfqbmvbnh+ bkkg~lmn vdhe vg rxlick| igmyv xiv b al h klbmf ox m gxv khba klvvh ohv~hhm vdh yv xivx h bmf vdh bf~lkfal h- Bkvdgxnd vdh yvhhp vh blm ohdlmf vdh Db lygmebfh p gvhivlmn lv flaalixkv+ vdh yv xivx h p gvhivlgm i h~ybnhf vg htvlmnxlyd bkk ga vdh heoh y bmf al ho bmfy vdbv gfg~m vdh ykgph-


11/14 22

_gohrv Ibmmbfb|y ^ggfkbmf Dgeh

goh v Ibmmbfb| ly b ~ggfkbmf dgehg~mh + hylflmn lm Ibvb~obQl nlmlb- Gm vdh mlndv ga Aho xb | 2


12/142?

Vbclmn Yvhpy vg Fhahmf \gxr Dgeh arge ^lkfalrh^lkfal h ly mg yv bmnh lm Nhg nlb- Lm ?00>+ vdhyvbvh yxaah hf vdh kb nhyv ~lkfal h lm lvy dlyvg |-

Eg h vdbm 800+000 bi hy ~h h yig idhf+ ibxy%lmn fhyv xivlgm gm p lqbvh p gph v| bmf pxoklikbmfy lm bmf b gxmf vdh Gchahmgchh Mbvlgmbk^lkfklah _haxnh- Vdhm bmf mg~+ vdh hnlgm dbyhtph lhmihf b egfh bvh vg yhqh h f gxndv+bmf ~bvh khqhky lm vdh y~bep b h hqhm kg~hvdbm ~dhm vdh ~lkfal hy ohnbm lm ?00>-

Ohibxyh ga vdh hqh %p hyhmv vd hbv ga ~lkfal h+vdh Nhg nlb Al h P hqhmvlgm ! Hfxibvlgm Vhbeigmfxivy gxv hbid ~lvd b hb hylfhmvy vg dhkpvdhe p hpb h vdhl dgehy bmf p gph v|+ ~lvdb ngbk ga lep gqlmn hbid dgehy idbmihy ga yx qlqlmn ~lkfal h-

Agkkg~lmn b h vlpy vdh vhbe p gqlfhy vg hyl%fhmvy vdbv igxkf yh qh |gx ~hkk+ vgg:

Ikhbr orxyd arge bkgmnylfh |gxr frlqh~b|

Nrbfh'rhpblr rgbfy vg bkkg~ agr kbrnh hmnlmhbiihyy

Igmylfhr ehvbk rggalmn ~lvd |gxr mhtvhpkbihehmv

Ikhbr fhorly arge rgga bmf gqhrdbmnlmnkleoy

Ikhbr qhnhvbvlgm yg vdbv lv ly egrh vdbm 90ahhv a ge yv xivx hy

Egqh xmmhihyybr| qhdlikhy b~b| arge |gxrdgeh

Hmikgyh xmfhr fhicy vg nrgxmf khqhk

Ikhbrk| lfhmvla| |gxr prgphrv|y bffrhyy

Dg~%Vg vdbmcy H li Egykh|+ ga Nhg nlby Al h P hqhmvlgm! Hfxibvlgm Vhbe+ ag p gqlflmn vdh lmag ebvlgm lmvdly B gxmf vdh Al h~lyh Dgeh lvhe-

P D G V G O \ : J H M C G K O

Vdlm Ly Lm:Irhbvlmn bmf Eblmvblmlmn Dhbkvd| Agrhyvy Vdlm lymv jxyv ag ~blyvklmhy- Lm vdh ^XL+ vdlmmlmn v hhy ebchy ag ngypbih gm |gx p gph v| by ~hkk by ag b dhbkvd| ag hyv-

Biig flmn vg Oln Ohb Qbkkh| Al h P gvhivlgmy ~hoylvh Vdlm Ly Lm $~~g n,+ b dhbkvd| ag hyv lm vdh Ybm Oh mbflmg Egxmvblmy ~gxkf v|plibkk| dbqohv~hhm


13/14 29

Vh l ^dbkh| klqhy lm Eb okh Abkky+ Vhtby+ b Al h~lyhigeexmlv| lm vdh ihmv bk pb v ga vdh yvbvh- Fx lmnKbog Fb| ~hhchmf+ al hy ohnbm egqlmn vg~b f Eb okh Abkky bmf lvy mhlndog lmn igeexmlvlhy-Dh g~m igeexmlv| dbf bk hbf| fgmh egyv ga ~dbv ~by mhhfhf vg p gvhiv vdhl dgehy+ oxv gvdh igeexmlvlhy yxffhmk| ngv qh | yh lgxybogxv ~bmvlmn vg ohigeh Al h~lyh-

By b hyxkv+ yhqh bk phgpkh igmvbivhf Vh l-Ohibxyh ~h ~h h cmg~m by vdh al yv Al h~lyhIgeexmlv| lm vdly b hb+ vdh| ~bmvhf lmag eb%vlgm gm ~dbv vdh| igxkf fg vg p hqhmv ~lkfal hfbebnh lm vdh mhb bmf flyvbmv axvx h+ ydh

hibkkhf- Lvy bebzlmn dg~ bm hqhmv klch vdlyegvlqbvhy phgpkh vg nhv egqlmn gm b p gvhi%

vlgm pkbm"Ydh igmvlmxhf+ ^dlkh vdhl dgehy ~h h mgv lmleehflbvh fbmnh + vdh h hbkk| ~bymv vleh vgfhbk ~lvd p gvhivlmn vdhe3 lv ~by vgg kbvh- Vdh

~lmfy ~h h yg yv gmn bmf vdh al hy ~h h egq%lmn vgg abyv ag vdbv-

Yg+ Vh l vgkf vdgyh ~dg igmvbivhf dh bogxvhygx ihy gm vdh Al h~lyh ~hoylvh+ bmf dg~ vg

igmvbiv b hp hyhmvbvlqh vg igeh yphbc vg vdhligeexmlvlhy- L bkyg yhmv vdhe lmag ebvlgmbogxv vdh xpigelmn Obic|b fy bmf Oh|gmfIgmah hmih+ ~dlid ~by b qh | h~b flmn htph l%hmih ag eh bmf e| igeexmlv| ~dhm L bvvhmf%hf b ah~ |hb y bng-

Ydh bffhf+ Gmh ga vdh ohyv hygx ihy ~by vdhMAPB Yhpvheoh Al h O hbc Mh~y h%eblk- L ag %~b fhf vdbv+ bkgmn ~lvd b pfa alkh ga vdh _hbf|+Yhv+ Ng" p gn be- Vdgyh fgixehmvy igmvblm bkkvdh lmag ebvlgm b igeexmlv| mhhfy vg ohnlm vgohigeh Al h~lyh- Vh l mgvhf vdbv ydh chhpy b yebkk yxppk| ga Al h~lyh ebvh lbky vdbv ydh g fh hf a ge vdh

gmklmh ibvbkgn bmf flyv loxvhy vdhe vg bmydh hmigxmvh y ~dg eb| oh lmvh hyvhf+ lmlmn dh kgibk Ebyvh Mbvx bklyv idbpvhdby yhmv b Vhtby Ag hyv Yh qlih ^lkfal h _lyc Byyhyyehmv vg lmflqlfxbky ~dg ~bmvhhqbkxbvh vdhl g~m p gph vlhy-

Ylmih Yhpvheoh + vdh h dbqh ohhm mxehp gn bey gm ~lkfal hy bmf Al h~lyh+ ydhKhtl Ebt~hkk bmf gvdh y a ge Vhtby Ag hyYh qlih+ by ~hkk by bkk ga gx kgibk al h ehmvy+ dbqh ohhm ~g clmn gqh vleh hfxibvdh pxokli bogxv dg~ vg p gvhiv vdheyhkqha ge ~lkfal hy- Vg fbvh+ bv khbyv agx igeemlvlhy lm vdh leehflbvh qlilmlv| dbqh ohnxmhaag vy vg ohigeh Al h~lyh+ bmf L htphiv h

eg h ~lvd bkk vdh lmvh hyv ~h h yhhlmn-La+ klch Vh l+ |gx ~gxkf klch vg dbqh ebvhgm dbmf vg ydb h ~lvd gvdh y+ qlylv vdh A~hoylvhy gmklmh ibvbkgn bv ~~~-al h~lyh-

VDH AL_H^LYH KHBFH_:

Igeexmlibvlmn ^dhm \gxr Igeexmlv| Ly Vhyvhf O| Alrh

Lm ?00>+ Nhg nlb htph lhmihf lvy ~g yv al hyhbygm lm lvy dlyvg |- Vdh ibvbk|yv ag vdhyh al hy~by yhqh h f gxndv igmflvlgmy bmf dhbq| axhk kgbflmn lm yvbvh ag hyvy- _hbklzlmn vdbv vdly |hb y f gxndv igmflvlgmy ~h h qh | ylelkb vgvdgyh htph lhmihf lm ?00>+ vdh NGBK ^b|i gyy

^lkfal h P hqhmvlgm Hfxibvlgm Vhbe+ lm b|i gyy+NB+ fhqhkgphf yv bvhnlhy ag lmi hbylmn pxokli b~b hmhyy gm al h p hqhmvlgm bmf ~lkfal h dbz%b f byyhyyehmvy- Vdh| lfhmvlalhf gojhivlqhy bmf vb nhv bxflhmihy+ fhqhkgphf bm byyhyyehmv p g%vgigk bmf ehflb gxv hbid yv bvhn|+ bmf yidhf%xkhf igeexmlv| ehhvlmny vg lmag e igeexmlv| eheoh y ga vdh pgvhmvlbk lycy bmf vdh bivlgmyvdh| igxkf vbch-

Vdh vhbey gojhivlqhy lmikxfhf:

Igmfxivlmn fggr%vg%fggr igmvbivy ~lvdkgibk hylfhmvy vg flyv loxvh bpp gqhf klvh b%vx h bmf igeexmlibvlmn ~lkfal h p hpb hf%

mhyy bivlgmy- Lfhmvla|lmn pgvhmvlbk yphilbk mhhfy ga kgibk

hylfhmvy vg blf bmf byylyv heh nhmi| yh %qlihy bmf lmigelmn lmilfhmv ebmbnhehmvvhbey lm vdhl pkbmmlmn lm vdh hqhmv vdbv~lkfal h$y, hmi gbid mhb vdhl dgehy-

Igeexmlibvlmn ~lvd kgibk yidggky bmfidx idhy bogxv ~lkfal h p hpb hfmhyy-

^grc ikgyhk| ~lvd kgibk gaalilbky vg pkbm bmfdgkflmn ehhvlmny ~lvdlm kgibk igeexmlvlhy-

^grclmn ikgyhk| ~lvd igeexmlibvlgmy bmfpxokli hkbvlgmy ga vdh yvbvh ag hyv | ige%

elyylgm bmf ~lvd pxokli lmag ebvlgm yhivlgmga vdh X-Y- Alyd bmf ^lkfklah Yh qlih hnb f%lmn bkk ehflb bmf pxoklibvlgm hrxhyvy-

Begmn vdh bxflhmihy vdh| vb nhvhf ~h h kgibkhylfhmvy ~lvdlm b gmh% vg vd hh%elkh bflxy ga

vdh Gchahmgchh Y~bep og fh ~dh h vdhligmih my ihmvh hf+ by ~hkk by hkhehmvb | bmfelffkh yidggky lm vdh b hb+ igeexmlv| khbf%h y+ idx id khbfh y bmf vdh kgibk kbmfg~mh ybyygilbvlgm- Vdh| bkyg hbidhf gxv vg ehflbigmvbivy bv kgibk vhkhqlylgm bmf bflg yvbvlgmy+mh~ypbph y bmf hkhqbmv ~hoylvhy-

Lm hbidlmn gxv vg vhkhqlylgm+ bflg bmf mh~y%pbph igmvbivy+ vdh vhbe yhmv gxv p hyy hkhby%hy vg hnlgmbk gxvkhvy+ yidhfxkhf lmvh qlh~ybmf ebfh yx h vdh| dbf bpp gp lbvh htph vybqblkbokh vg hypgmf vg lmvh qlh~ hrxhyvy+p gqlfhf pxokli yh qlih bmmgxmihehmvy+ bmfgaah hf dxebm lmvh hyv bmf ahbvx h yvg | lfhby

vdbv gaah hf b dggc hkhqbmv vg al h p hqhmvlgmbmf p hpb hfmhyy- Vdh| bkyg p gqlfhf p hqhm%vlgm ehyybnlmn vg pb vmh g nbmlzbvlgmy agxyh gm vdhl ~hoylvhy bmf ag pgyvlmn vg vdhlygilbk ehflb pbnhy gm Abihoggc bmf V~lvvh -

Almbkk|+ vdh| xyhf igeexmlv| ehhvlmny vgblyh b~b hmhyy ga vdh f gxndv bmf ~dbv vdbv

igxkf ehbm lm vh ey ga ~lkfal h pgvhmvlbk- Vdh|f h~ pb bkkhky vg dlyvg li al hy lm vdh b hb bmfp gqlfhf lmag ebvlgm bogxv haag vy o| vdhNhg nlb Al h Igeelyylgm bmf XYA^ ylmih vdh?00> al hy- Egyv lepg vbmvk|+ vdh| lmag ehfvdh hylfhmvy lm bvvhmfbmih bogxv vdh bivlgmy

vdh| igxkf vbch vg p hqhmv al hy+ elmlelzhfbebnh lm vdh hqhmv ga al h+ bmf vg hqbixbvvdh hqhmv ga b ~lkfal h-

^dlkh |gx g~m igeexmlv|y dlyvg | bmf al h

vd hbv eb| flaah + |gx ibm vbch ylelkb yvhpyfhqhkgp yv bvhnlhy ag igeexmlibvlmn haahi%vlqhk| ~lvd igeexmlv| eheoh y bmf gvdhpgvhmvlbk bxflhmihy bogxv ebclmn ~lkfal hp hpb bvlgmy bmf vdh bivlgmy vdbv ibm oh vvg oh ybah-

Dg~%Vg vdbmcy Vh l ^dbkh|+ ga Eb okh Abbmf H li Egykh|+ a ge vdh Nhg nlb Al h P h! Hfxibvlgm Vhbe+ ag p gqlflmn vdh lmag ebag vdhyh Al h~lyh Khbfh lvhey-

Fhqhkgplmn yvrbvhnlhy agr lmirhbylmn pxokli b~brhmhyy

Bm htbepkh ga ebvh lbky xyhf lm Gchahmgchhblyh b~b hmhyy igmih mlmn vdh vd hbv ga ~


14/14

Vdlmc Al h~lyh vd gxndgxv vdh |hb ~lvd vdh?02? Al h~lyh Ibkhmfb - Oh yx h vg lmn lm vdh mh~ |hb o|

fh lmn |gx a hh igp| ga vdh ibkhmfb "

BFFLVLGMBK YGX_IHY GA LMAG_EBVLGM:

?02? Alrh~lyh Ibkhmfbr

NG VG VDH^HO"

Al h~lyh-g n ly |gx hygag lmag ebvlgm bogxv dgbmf igeexmlv| ybahv| a ge~lkfkbmf al h-

Bfflvlgmbkk|+ agkkg~lmn bygeh ~hoylvhy igmmhivhf vvdly lyyxhy yvg lhy+ ~dlixyhaxk+ dhkpaxk lmag ebv

~~~-nai-yvbvh-nb-xy

~~~-a~y-ngq'gchahmgchh'

~~~-vdlmlylm-g n

~~~-vdlmlylm-g n'dgeh'lebnhy'yvg lhy'fg~mkgbfy'bz29-pfa

dvvp:''~~~-yomab-g n'ag hyvib h-pdp

NG VG VDHQLFHG"

Vg qlh~ vdh kbvhyv lm Albmf gvdh al h ybahv| qlfhvxmh lmvg gx \gxVxoh idbmhk bv~~~-|gxvxoh-ige'mapbfgvg n- Bmf+ vg biihyp hyhmvbvlgmy vdbv MAPAl h~lyh ebch pxokli+ qlylYklfhYdb h ylvh bvdvvp:''~~yklfhydb h-mhv'edbzhkk-

Al h~lyh bmf Al h~lyh Igeex

XYB b h p gn bey ga bmf o| vdh Mbvlgmbk Al h P gvhiv Byygilbvlgm- MAPB ly bm hrxgppg vxmlv| p gqlfh -

Igp| lndv ?022 MAPB- Bkk _lndvy _hyh qhf-

Vdly pxoklibvlgm ~by prgfxihf iggphrbvlgm ~lvd vdh XYFB AYhrqlih+ vdh XY Fhpbrvehmv Lmvhrlgr bmf Mbvlgmbk Byygga Yvbvh Agrhyvhry-

Hmnbnlmn Ahkkg~ Alrh~lyh ArlhmfyBy |gx ebch |gx g~m haag vy bmf hmnbnh ~lvd gvdh klch%elmfhf igeexmlvlhy+ |gx ~lkk almfvdh h b h ebm| ~b|y vg ng bogxv px yxlmn bmf hmh~lmn Al h~lyh yvbvxy- Vdh mbvlgmbk p gn bely xylmn ygilbk ehflb vg dhkp |gx igmmhiv- Idhic gxv vdh Al h~lyh pbnh gm Abihoggc bvdvvp:''~~~-abihoggc-ige'al h~lyh + vdh Al h~lyh Okgn bvdvvp:''mapb-v|phpbf-ige'al h~lyh' gagkkg~ vdh p gn be v~hhvy gm V~lvvh bv dvvp:''v~lvvh -ige'al h~lyh- Vdh hy bkyg bm MAPB n gxp~lvd b ^lkfkbmf Al h Ebmbnhehmv'Al h~lyh yxon gxp gm KlmchfLm+ vdh oxylmhyy mhv~g clmn ylvh$dvvp:''~~~-klmchflm-ige ,- $Vg jglm vdh ^lkfkbmf Al h Ebmbnhehmv'Al h~lyh yxon gxp+ al yv jglmvdh MAPB KlmchfLm n gxp bmf vdhm idggyh vdh yxon gxp |gx ~gxkf klch vg jglm-,

Chhplmn Xp ~lvd Alrh~lyh _hmh~lmn \gxr _hignmlvlgm YvbvxyPb v ga ohlmn b hignmlzhf Al h~lyh Igeexmlvlhy'XYB ylvh ly vdh gmnglmn ~g c |gx bmf |gxAl h~lyh Ogb f fg hbid |hb vg hfxih kgibk al h lycy bmf bff hyy vdh lyyxhy lm |gx igeexmlv|~lkfal h dbzb f byyhyyehmv- Hbid |hb + by |gx igmfxiv vdhyh bivlqlvlhy+ vdh Al h~lyh p gn be yvbaa ~bmvy vg dhb a ge |gx bogxv |gx haag vy- Vdly chhpy |gx hignmlvlgm yvbvxy bivlqh bmf dhkpy xyydb h |gx yxiihyyhy ~lvd gvdh y-

Lm ~g clmn vg ebch vdh |hb k| yvbvxy hmh~bk p gihyy by hby| by pgyylokh+ vdly Aho xb |+ ~h eblkhf?022 hmh~bk ebvh lbk vg bkk bivlqh igeexmlvlhy- Vg eblmvblm |gx Al h~lyh Igeexmlvlhy'XYB

hignmlvlgm yvbvxy+ dh hy bkk |gx dbqh vg fg:

2, Igmfxiv |gx Al h~lyh Fb| hqhmv bm|vleh fx lmn ?022- Vdly ibm oh b igeexmlv| ikhbm xp fb|+b abl + g bm| pxokli nhv%vgnhvdh ~dh h |gx vbch Al h~lyh bivlgm g p gegvh |gx kgibk p g%n bey-

?, Fgixehmv |gx vleh bmf haag v lm Al h~lyh ag ?022- Hbid |hb + |gx Al h~lyh Ogb f exyvfhegmyv bvh b khqhk ga haag v hrxbk vg bv khbyv &? ph ibplvb lm vdh igeexmlv|- \gx ibm v bic qgkxmvhh dgx y $~g vd &?2-91 ag ?022,+ igxmv n bmvy |gxqh hihlqhf+ g vdh qbkxh ga lm%clmfyh qlihy+ dl hf dhkp+ g kgbmhf hrxlpehmv- La lvy Al h~lyh ~g c+ lv igxmvy-

9, Vhkk xy bogxv lv" Alkk gxv vdh _hmh~bk Ag e ~h eblkhf vg |gx $g xyh vdh ^ho _hmh~bk g gmklmhag ey, vg vhkk xy bogxv |gx Al h~lyh Fb| bmf |gx ?022 lmqhyvehmvy- \gx ibm xpfbvh |gx igm%vbiv lmag ebvlgm bv vdh ybeh vleh-

La |gx mhhf dhkp alnx lmn gxv |gx lmqhyvehmv g pkbmmlmn |gx hqhmv+ qlylv vdh Al h~lyh ~hoylvhdh hvg yhh ~dbv gvdh y b h fglmn+ fg~mkgbf ybepkh v biclmn ag ey+ bmf nhv dhkp ibkixkbvlmnqgkxmvhh dgx y- \gx ibm bkyg igmvbiv |gx hnlgmbk Al h~lyh Bfqlyg+ |gx Al h~lyh yvbvh klblygm+ gvdh mbvlgmbk Al h~lyh gaalihag byylyvbmih-
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Fire Wise How to Winter 2011