Fire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for Wood ...wood-works.ca/.../Fire-Resistance-Rating-Information-and-Tools-for... · Fire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for

Fire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for Wood BuildingsIneke Van ZeelandManager, Codes & Standards

Wood Solutions Fair Toronto, ON

November 2014

Copyright MaterialsThis presentation is protected by US and International Copyright

laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is

prohibited.

© Canadian Wood Council 2014

Program Education Credit InformationThe Canadian Wood Council is a Registered Provider with the American Institute of Architects. This course meets Continuing Education System requirements for one Learning Unit. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members who provided their member number during the online registration. This course also qualifies as Structured Learning with OAA. Certificates of Completion for OAA members, and all other delegates, will be emailed after the event. We will also report participation to the Engineering Institute of Canada on behalf of any engineers who requested their participation be recorded.

This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. The same is true for the OAA and EIC. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

Fire Resistance

•fire resistance, n—the ability of a material, product, or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it for a period of time. (ASTM E 176)

1.4.1.2: "...the time in minutes or hours that a material or assembly of materials will withstandthe passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specifiedconditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived from that test and performance as prescribed in this Code."

Division A - Part 1“Fire-resistance rating”

CAN/ULC-S101 - Fire Endurance Tests of Building Construction and Materials

3.1.7. Fire-resistance Ratings

•Walls, floors, columns, beams• Loaded or unloaded• Examples of applied load calculations in Appendix C of test standard

CAN/ULC S101Floor Assembly Furnace

CAN/ULC-S101 Floor Assembly Loading

CAN/ULC-S101Wall Assembly Furnace

CAN/ULC-S101Temperature Exposure

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Time (min)

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Standard Fire-resistance Test Failure Criteria

•Insulation Failure– Temperature rise of 140 oC average or 180 oC at any point on unexposed side.

•Integrity Failure– Passage of flame or gases hot enough to ignite cotton pads.

•Structural Failure– Inability to sustain the applied load at some point during the test.

Insulation Failure

Flame penetrating the sub-floor at failure time

Integrity Failure

Structural Failure

Wood studs have buckled under applied load

Structural Failure

CLT wall assembly has buckled under applied load

From full-scale fire testing:•Proprietary Listings•Generic Listings•Empirical Calculation Methods

Fire Resistance Rating

Proprietary Listings

Generic ListingsTable A-9.10.3.1.A Fire and Sound

Resistance of Walls

Generic ListingsTable A-9.10.3.1.B Fire and Sound

Resistance of Floors, Ceilings and Roofs

Generic ListingsTable A-9.10.3.1.A (Walls):• NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR833 - “Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Gypsum Board Wall Assemblies;” Sultan, M. A., et al.

Table A-9.10.3.1.B (Floors, Ceilings and Roofs):• NRC-IRC Internal Report: IR764 - “Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies;” Sultan, M. A., et al.

• NRC-IRC Research Report: RR184 - “Results of Fire Resistance Tests on Full-Scale Floor Assemblies - Phase II;”Sultan, M. A., et al.

Component Additive Method (CAM)

MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2 – Fire Performance Ratings

•Section 2 Fire Resistance Ratings

•2.3 Wood and Steel Framed Walls, Floors and Roofs

• Last revised for 1995 NBCC

• walls, floors, roofs

• non-loadbearing and loadbearing solid-sawn wood-frame walls and partitions

• loadbearing solid wood joist and metal-plate-connected wood trussfloor and roof assemblies

ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)

Proposed 2015 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)MEMBRANES –WALLS

Notes to Table [D-2.3.4.13.3.4.5.A] D-2.3.4.A.:(1) Non-loadbearing walls only, Applies to stud cavities filled with mineral wool conforming to CAN/ULC-

S702, "Mineral Fibre Thermal Insulation for Buildings", and having a mass per unit area of not less than 2 kg/m2, with no additional credit for insulation according to Table D-2.3.4.D.[G]-2015

(2) Applies only to wood-framed walls.(3) Applies only to steel-framed walls.(4) Resilient metal channels are permitted to be installed at a spacing of 400 mm o.c. with no effect on the

rating of the wall assembly.(5) Applies to non-loadbearing steel framed walls only.

Proposed 2015 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)MEMBRANES – FLOORS

Notes to Table [D-2.3.4.13.3.4.5.B] :(1) See Figures A-9.10.3.1.-A., -B. and -D. in Appendix A for the attachment of single and double layers of

gypsum board to resilient metal channels.(2) Applies to wood joists, wood trusses, wood I-joists and cold-formed steel joists (C-shaped joists).(3) Resilient metal channels must be installed to achieve the stated rating.

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Proposed 2015 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)MEMBRANES – FLOORS

Notes to Table [D-2.3.4.13.3.4.5.B] :(4) Applies to wood joists and pre-fabricated metal-plate-connected wood trusses.(5) Resilient metal channels must be installed or gypsum board must be applied directly to the structural

members, which must be spaced not more than 400 mm o.c.(6) Resilient metal channels are permitted to be installed with no effect on the rating of the floor assembly.

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Proposed 2015 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)

MEMBERS

Notes to Table [D-2.3.4.13.3.4.5.F] :(1) Resilient metal channels are permitted to be installed with no effect on the rating of the floor assembly.(2) Applies only to floor structural members that are protected.

* for this to be applicable:• must meet minimum fastener penetration requirements• all edges of GB must be supported, except for 15.9 mm Type X installed horizontally where horizontal joints can be unsupported if framing @ 400 mm o.c. maximum

‡ applicable to exterior wall assemblies requiring FRR from inside that have GB on interior and exterior sheathing + cladding with mineral fibre insulation with area density of ≥1.22 kg/m2

Current 2010 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)

Wood Wall AssembliesMembrane Members Insulation Total

FRR*‡Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned

time (min) Description Assigned time (min)

One layer of 12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board

25

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20

MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 60GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 50

None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) 0 45

Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15




40

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20



Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15




Wood Wall AssembliesMembrane Members Insulation Total

FRR*‡Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned

time (min) Description Assigned time (min)


25

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20

MFI - rock or slag (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 60

CFI – dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10 55GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 50


Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15

MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 55CFI – dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10 50

GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 45None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI

(Loadbearing) 0 40


40

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20



(Loadbearing) 0 60

Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15



(Loadbearing) 0 55


Wood Wall AssembliesMembrane Members Insulation Resilient

Metal Channels

(min)

Total FRR*‡Description

Assigned time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

One layer of 12.7 mm Type

X Gypsum Board

25

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20

MFI - rock or slag (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 -10 50

CFI – dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10 -10 45GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 -10 40

None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) & GFI (Loadbearing) 0 -10 35

Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15

MFI (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) 15 -10 45CFI – dry-blown (Loadbearing Only) 10 -10 40

GFI (Nonloadbearing Only) 5 -10 35None (Loadbearing & Nonloadbearing) &

GFI (Loadbearing) 0 -10 30

One layer of 15.9 mm Type

X Gypsum Board

40

Wood Studs @ 400 mm

o.c.20




Wood Studs @ 600 mm

o.c. 15




* for this to be applicable:• must meet minimum fastener penetration requirements• all edges of GB must be supported

Also, resilient metal channels are permitted to be installed at max. spacing of 400 mm o.c. with no effect on the rating of the wall assembly.


Wood Wall Assemblies

Membrane Members Insulation Total FRR*Description Assigned

time (min) Description Assigned time (min) Description Assigned time

(min)

Loadbearing2 layers of

12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board

50

Wood Studs @ 400 mm o.c. 20

MFI - rock or slag 15 85CFI – dry-blown 10 80

None & GFI 0 70


MFI - rock or slag 15 80CFI – dry-blown 10 75

None & GFI 0 65

Non-loadbearing2 layers of

12.7 mm Type X Gypsum Board

80


MFI - rock or slag 15 115GFI 5 105

None 0 100


MFI - rock or slag 15 110GFI 5 100

None 0 95

Membrane MembersTotalFRR*Description

Assigned time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

1 layer of 12.7 mm Type X

Gypsum Board

25

Wood Joists @ 400 mm o.c. maximum 10 35

Wood Trusses @ 600 mm o.c. maximum 5 30


Gypsum Board

40

Wood Joists @ 400 mm o.c. maximum 10 50

Wood Trusses @ 600 mm o.c. maximum 5 45

* for this to be applicable:

• must have also minimum subfloor + flooring combination• all edges of GB must be supported• must meet minimum fastener penetration requirements;• mineral fibre insulation of rock or slag does not affect FRR in wood floorsas long as held in by resilient channels or furring channels

Current 2010 ComponentAdditive Method (CAM)

Wood Floor Assemblies

Membrane Members Insulation ToppingTotalFRR*Description

ResilientMetal

Channels

Assigned time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

1 layers of 12.7 mm Type X

Gypsum Board

Spaced ≤ 400 mm o.c. 25

Wood Joists, Trusses,

I-joists @ 600 mm o.c.

maximum

10

MFI (rock or slag) or

CFI (wet-sprayed)

5

None or Gypsum-concrete 0 40

Concrete 5 45

None or GFI 0None or Gypsum-

concrete 0 35

Concrete 5 40


Gypsum Board

Spaced ≤ 400 mm o.c. 40



maximum

10

MFI (rock or slag) or

CFI (wet-sprayed)

5


Concrete 5 60


concrete 0 50

Concrete 5 55


• must have minimum subfloor • all edges of GB must be supported• must meet minimum fastener penetration requirements



Membrane Members Insulation ToppingTotalFRR*Description

ResilientMetal

Channels

Assigned time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)

DescriptionAssigned

time(min)


Gypsum Board

Spaced ≤ 400 mm o.c.(or direct applied to

members ≤ 400 mm o.c.)

50



maximum

10

RFI or CFI (wet-

sprayed)5


Concrete 5 70


concrete 0 60

Concrete 5 65


Gypsum Board

Spaced ≤ 600 mm o.c.(or direct applied)

45



maximum

10

RFI or CFI (wet-

sprayed)5


Concrete 5 65


concrete 0 55

Concrete 5 60


Gypsum Board

Spaced ≤ 600 mm o.c.(or direct applied)

60



maximum

10

RFI or CFI (wet-

sprayed)5


Concrete 5 80


concrete 0 70

Concrete 5 75


• must have minimum subfloor• all edges of GB must be supported• must meet minimum fastener penetration requirements



Table 2.3.12. Fire-Resistance Rating for Ceiling Membranes


D-2.3.12. Ceiling Membrane RatingWhere the fire-resistance rating of a ceiling assembly is to be determined on the basis of the membrane only and not of the complete assembly, the ratings may be determined from Table D-2.3.12., provided no openings described in D-2.3.10. and D-2.3.11. are located within the ceiling membrane.


D-2.3.13–2015 Membrane Penetrations in Combustible and Noncombustible Construction[1] --) Where a wall, floor or roof assembly is assigned a fire-resistance rating on the basis of Subsection D-2.3. and includes a membrane or membranes described in Table D-2.3.4.A., D-2.3.4.B-2015, D-2.3.4.C-2015, D-2.3.4.D.-2015 or D-2.3.12., penetrations of the membrane or membranes must be fire stopped in conformance with the applicable requirements in Article 3.1.9.1. or Sentence 9.10.9.6.(1).

Possible Proposals for ComponentAdditive Method (CAM) 2020

Walls•wood shear panels•two layers of 15.9 mm Type X•double-stud / staggered-stud walls•other insulations•re-examination of non-loadbearing values•exterior wall assemblies•expand to 2-h assemblies

Possible Proposals for ComponentAdditive Method (CAM) 2020

Floors•other insulations•additional examination of toppings•expand to 2-h assemblies

Heavy Timber Construction

•3.1.4. sets out the requirements that must be conformed to for code-defined heavy timber construction

•e.g. Table 3.1.4.7. Heavy Timber Dimensions

Table 3.1.4.7Heavy Timber Dimensions

Forming Part of Sentence 3.1.4.7.(2)

3.1.4.7

Heavy Timber Construction

Division B - Article 3.1.4.6.

Heavy Timber Construction Alternative:• “3.1.4.6.(1) If combustible construction is permitted and is not required to have a fire-resistance rating of more than 45 min, heavy timber construction is permitted to be used.”

Division B – Subsection 3.2.2.Sprinklered buildings of combustible construction:•No fire-resistance rating required for roof assembly or supports

•Heavy timber roof assembly and supports not required to conform to minimum dimensions

•Wood light-framing could be used

Charring of Wood

•Char Layer

•Char Base

•Pyrolysis Zone

•Pyrolysis Zone Base

•Normal Wood

Fire-resistance Rating Information for Solid Walls, Floors and Roofs

MMAH Supplementary Standard SB-2 – Fire Performance Ratings

•Section 2 Fire Resistance Ratings

•2.4. Solid Wood Walls, Floors and Roofs

Glued-Laminated Timber Beams and Columns

•SB-2 - Subsection 2.11

•Method of Calculation of FRR

•Empirical predictions

•Validated by test results

•For FRRs greater than 45 min


Method of Calculation of FRR



• f = load factor shown in Figure 2.11.2.A

•B = dimension of thesmaller side

•D = dimension on the larger side



K = effective length factor (CAN/CSA-O86)

L = unsupported length of column

Timber Beams and ColumnsCalculation of FRR - Additional Information:•American Wood Council (www.awc.ca)–DCA 2 - Design of Fire-Resistive Exposed Wood Members–TR10 - Calculating the Fire Resistance of Exposed Wood Members

CSA O86-2014Large Cross-section Wood Elements

5.6 Fire resistanceWhere applicable, design for fire resistance shall be in accordance with the NBCC.Note: See Annex B for a methodology that provides useful information in the development of a proposal for an alternative solution to meet the objectives of the NBCC.


CSA O86-2014Annex B

B.2 Materials- Solid-sawn lumber

- Glued-laminated timber (glulam)

- Structural composite lumber (SCL)

CSA O86-2014Annex B

B.3 Modification Factors for Fire Design- Resistance factor, ф- Load duration factor, Kd- System factor, KH- Size factor, KZ- Lateral stability factor, KL- Slenderness ratio, CC- Slenderness factor, KC

CSA O86-2014Annex B

B.3 Modification Factors for Fire Design- Specified strength adjustment factor for fire design, Kfi

Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members

•Char Layer

•Char Base

•Pyrolysis Zone

•Pyrolysis Zone Base

•Normal Wood

Concept of Fire Resistance for Large Cross-section Wood Members


B.4 Char Depth


B.5 Zero strength layer

B.6 Resistance of reduced cross-section•Calculate sectional properties using reduced cross-sectional dimensions

•Using modification factors as per B.3


B.7 Fire-resistance ratingA structural element shall be assigned a fire-resistance rating of a particular duration of fire exposure if the reduced structural resistance of the element, after the specified exposure time, is greater than the specified gravity load effects.

Capacityreduced(t=FRR) ≥ Demand


B.8 Surfaces initially protected by gypsum board•one layer of 12.7 mm Type X ‒ 15 min•one layer of 15.9 mm Type X ‒ 30 min •two layers of 15.9 mm Type X ‒ 60 min

B.9 Connections•Limited information at this time•AWC’s Technical Report 10 •Eurocode 5: Part 1-2


B.10 Wood decking•double tongue-and-groove•single tongue-and-groove or internal spline•butt-jointed•unexposed surface protection–T&G wood flooring ≥ 19 mm thick, laid crosswise or diagonally–T&G plywood or OSB ≥12.5 mm thick–concrete topping ≥ 38 mm thick–gypsum-concrete topping ≥ 25 mm thick.

Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT)


Product Standard:ANSI/APA PRG 320-2011Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber


FPInnovations (www.fpinnovations.ca)•Canadian CLT Handbook

Masstimber.com •US CLT Handbook

Calculating the Fire Resistance of CLT

Additional Resources:

• Fire Safety Design in Buildings, Canadian Wood Council, 1996 (free PDF - www.cwc.ca).

• Janssens, M., and Douglas, Brad; Chapter 7 - Wood and Wood Products, Handbook of Building Materials for FireProtection, McGraw-Hill, 2004.

• White, Robert H.; Section 4, Chapter 11 - AnalyticalMethods for Determining Fire Resistance of TimberMembers, The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, Society of Fire Protection Engineering, 4th Edition, 2008.

• White, Robert H., et al.; Wood Handbook, Chapter 18: FireSafety of Wood Construction, 2010 (free PDF -www.fpl.fs.fed.us).

• SP Report 2010:19, Fire Safety in Timber Buildings: Technical Guideline, 2010.

This concludes the:

American Institute of ArchitectsOntario Association of Architects

Engineering Institute of Canada

Continuing Education Systems ProgramFire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for Wood Buildings

Canadian Wood Councilwww.cwc.ca

Questions/ Comments?

Documents

Fire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for Wood ...wood-works.ca/.../Fire-Resistance-Rating-Information-and-Tools-for... · Fire Resistance Rating Information and Tools for