Upload
drajde
View
231
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
1/23
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
2/23
Goals of a Fire Prevention Program Fire Prevention Strategy Housekeeping Issues Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Electrical Fire Hazards Compartmentalization
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
3/23
Life Safety The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect
building occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life.
Property Protection The secondary goal of fire safety is to prevent property
damage. Protection of Operations
By preventing fires and limiting damage we can assurethat work operations will continue.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
4/23
The Strategy of Preventing a Fire
A fire must have three things to ignite and maintaincombustion: Fuel
Heat Oxygen
The basic strategy of fire prevention is to control or isolatesources of fuel and heat in order to prevent combustion.
If all three are not present in sufficient quantities a fire will not ignite or a fire will not be able tosustain combustion
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
5/23
Good housekeeping habits are an important part of a safeworkplace.
Why is good housekeeping important? To reduce amounts of flammable and combustible materials. To reduce ignition hazards. To ensure safe emergency evacuation of occupants. To allow for quick emergency response.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
6/23
General Housekeeping
Guidelines Work areas, aisles, walkways, stairways, and equipment
should be kept clear of loose materials, trash, scraps, etc.
Never block aisles, fire exits, emergency equipment, oralarm pull stations with equipment or materials. Avoid build up of combustible trash and waste such as
paper, wood, cardboard, etc.
Keep use and storage of flammables and combustibles to aminimum. Clean up all spills such as grease, oil, or water
immediately. A delay could result in accidents.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
7/23
Storage Guidelines
No storage is allowed incorridors and stairwells. Acluttered hallway could slow
down emergency evacuation.
Storage must not exceed a planeof 18 inches below sprinklerheads or smoke detectors.
Storage that breaks this planemay prevent sprinkler headsfrom fully covering roomduring a fire.
A simulated example of howstorage can protrude into 18 inchplane below sprinkler heads.
NOTICE
Storage guidelines are applicable to alllocations within ISU buildings and are notlimited to storage rooms. This includesstored materials in offices, labs, etc.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
8/23
Storage Guidelines
All storage must beat least 3 ft fromelectrical panels. In
some emergencysituations it will benecessary to accessthese panelsquickly.
Maintain at least a 3ft clearancefrom heating surfaces, air ducts,heaters, and lighting fixtures.
Storage of combustible
materials in mechanical roomsis prohibited.
Improper Storage in frontof Electrical Panel
Improper MechanicalRoom Storage
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
9/23
Flammable and combustible liquids are potentialfuel sources for fires and are present in almostevery workplace.
It is actually the vapor created by flammable andcombustible liquids that ignites and burns.
It is important to understand what materials in
your work area are flammable and combustible sothat you may properly store and isolate them fromignition sources.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
10/23
NFPA classification system The NFPA diamond is an easy way to determine the safety risks
associated with hazardous materials. To determine a materialsflammability refer to the red section of the diamond. A number in
this section will indicate the flammability rating of the material.
The following numbering system is used toindicate flammability
0- will not burn
1- must be preheated to burn2-ignites when moderately heated3-ignites at normal temperature4-extremely flammable
How do I tell whats flammable?
For example, An NFPA diamond on a
can of gasoline would have a 3 in thered section indicating that gasolinecould ignite at normal workingtemperatures.
NFPA Diamond
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
11/23
NFPA Classification SystemContinued...
Where can I find NFPA diamonds? Product labels Material Safety Data Sheets (ask your supervisor for
them)
How do I determine the flammability of chemicalsthat dont use the NFPA classification system?
The flashpoint of a chemical may be used to determineits flammability. Flashpoint information may be foundon product labels or MSDS sheets.
Whats a
Flashpoint?
The flashpoint of a liquid is thelowest temperature at which the
liquid gives off enough vapor to beignited. The lower the flashpoint, thegreater the risk for ignition.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
12/23
Flammable and Combustible
Liquids Continued... Flammable liquids are considered flammable
because their flashpoints are < 100F. This means
that flammable liquids burn easily at normalworking temperatures. Combustible liquids have a flashpoint at or above
100F. These liquids are less hazardous thanflammable liquids but still pose a risk.
The volatility of flammable and combustibleliquids requires special storage and handling
requirements.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
13/23
Storing Flammable andCombustible Liquids
Flammable liquids must be stored away from ignitionsources in cool, well ventilated areas away fromincompatible materials
Limit the amount of flammable and combustible liquids tothe minimum amount necessary. As a general rule, No more than 10 gallons of flammable
materials should be outside of approved flammable liquidstorage cabinets or approved storage rooms.
Room storage limits of flammable and combustiblematerials depend on various factors such as sprinklers, andstorage cabinets. Refer to the table on the following slidefor storage guidelines.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
14/23
Table 1. Room Storage Limits for Flammable and Combustible LiquidsClass of Liquid
Flashpoint(F)
Boilingpoint(F)
NonSprinkledBuilding
NonSprinkled Bldg. &Flammable LiquidStorage Cabinet
SprinkledBuilding
SprinkledBldg./FlammableLiquid StorageCabinet
Class 1A,Flammables
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
15/23
Electrical hazards are the cause of numerous workplacefires each year. Faulty electrical equipment or misuse of equipment produces heat and sparks that serve as ignitionsources in the presence of flammable and combustiblematerials.
Examples of common ignition hazards: overloading circuits use of unapproved electrical devices damaged or worn wiring
Fire Safety -Electrical Issues
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
16/23
Extension cords Extension cords are only approved for temporary use.
They may only be used for a period of three days orless. Instead of using extension cords contact FP&M toinstall permanent wiring.
When using extension cords check for defaults such as
frays, brittleness, or broken wires. Never place extension cords in high traffic areas where
they can be damaged by being stepped on or run overby equipment.
Electrical Fire Safety
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
17/23
Electrical Fire Safety
Multi-plug strips Should only be used for office equipment such as
computers, printers, and fax machines. Other common items such as microwaves, refrigerators,and copy machines must be plugged directly into walloutlets. This is a requirement of the State Fire Marshal.
Multi-plug strips should have a fuse or circuit breakerand be UL approved.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
18/23
Electrical Fire Safety
Avoid the followingimproper and hazardouspractices: Never use three prong
adapters that allow a threepronged plug to plug into atwo prong outlet.
Never use any item with adamaged or frayedelectrical cord.
Space Heaters are notallowed in campusbuildings.
Never daisy chain or piggyback multi-plug strips andelectrical cords (pluggingstrips and cords into eachother).
Piggy-backedmulti-plugstrips
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
19/23
Compartmentalization
Buildings are designed to prevent fire, heat, and smokefrom spreading beyond locations of origination. Buildingelements such as fire walls, fire dampers, and fire doors,
are designed to seal off one location from the next. Thissystem is called compartmentalization.
Compartmentalization increases the safety of evacuatingbuilding occupants because smoke and fire are not able to
escape into exit passageways. Containment of fire and smoke reduces property damage
and prevents small fires from growing into large fires. In order for compartmentalization efforts to be effective
fire barriers must be maintained.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
20/23
Whats A Fire Door?
Fire doors are designed towithstand fire, heat and smoke for aperiod of 20-minutes to 3 hours.
Did you know that corridor officedoors are fire doors and shouldhave a 20 minute rating?
Corridor laboratory doors shouldhave a 60 minute rating.
Fire Doors are required to:
Be Self Closing : fire doors shouldhave a door closure that pullsdoors completely shut after thedoor has been opened
Have Positive latching : a positivelatch locks a door in place so can
open swing open freely.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
21/23
4 Reasons Not to Wedge Open
Fire Doors1 For the safety of your buildingsoccupants. If a fire occurs in a location
where the fire door has been
wedged, smoke and heat willtravel freely into exit corridorshindering or preventingoccupant evacuation.
2 Its State Law Periodically Iowas State Fire
Marshal inspects our campusand issues numerous citationsfor wedging or blocking opendoors.
3 To reduce or prevent damage toproperty, research, personalbelongings, etc.
- Keeping your door shut will
keep out smoke or fireoriginating in other locations.
4 To hold open your door you mayhave an electro-magnetic device
installed.- This device releases a fire door
upon activation of the fire alarmallowing it to close and latch.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
22/23
Maintaining Fire Barriers
Fire doors need occasional maintenance and repairs to functionproperly and should be periodically checked. To test a fire door: Open the door fully and allow it to swing shut. The door should close and latch completely by itself. Give the door a
push after it closes to ensure that the latch has engaged. If the door is not operating properly contact FP&M for repairs.
Ceiling, Floor, Wall Penetrations All areas should be properly sealed to prevent the escape of fire, heat and
smoke. Common penetrations include holes in walls, around ducts, pipes, etc.
These types of penetrations should be sealed with appropriate fire-stopping material.
7/31/2019 Fire Prevention 1
23/23
Housekeeping Issues Keep your worksite clean and free of trash and debris. Follow proper storage guidelines.
Flammable and Combustible Liquids Use and store the minimum amounts necessary. Follow correct storage guidelines.
Electrical Fire Hazards Dont use unapproved electrical devices. Avoid improper uses of multi-plugs.
Compartmentalization Maintain compartmentalization systems. Dont wedge or block open doors.
Points To Remember
For more information or toreport hazardous conditionscontact EH&S at 294-5359 orvisit our website atwww.ehs.iastate.edu.
Thanks!