Fire in Mine RLT

8/16/2019 Fire in Mine RLT

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By: Group 7

FIRE IN MINE


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MEMBERS OF GROUP:

•

ADVENTIUS RONALD PALISU D62113004• KSATRIA SURAHMAT RAUF D62113005

• YUNI WULAN AGRIANI D62113014

• ADY KURNIAWAN D62113315


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FIRES IN MINE MAY BE DIVIDED TWO TY

• Open fires caused as a result of ignition of a combusmaterial

• Fires resulting from spontaneous combustion of coa

and sulfhide ore


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OPEN FIRES

Combustible materialThe combustible material encountered underground are a• Methane• PVC and other similar materials( belts,brattice cloth,

on cables, tyres)• Flammable fluids and greases (hydraulic oils, lubricans• Others (paper, rags)


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POTENTIAL SOURCES OF HEAT FOR F

Heat can be generated by:• Conversion of mechanical energy• Conversion of electrical energy• Chemical reaction


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FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS

•

Water• Foam• Carbon dioxide• Dry chemical

1. Sodium bicarbonate based

2. Potassium bicarbonate based

3. Monommonium phosphate


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FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIMENT

• Portable Fires extinguishers

• Fixed Fire extinguishing systems


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a. Underground fuel storprotection.

b. Underground fuel tranprotection (after Pomro

UNDERGROUND REPAIR AND REFUELLIN


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SHAFT AND SHAFT STATION AREAS


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PLAN VIEW OF THE FIRE PROTECTION AND SHAFT STATION AREAS


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(a) Level road – negligiblevel downwind)

(b) Dipping road – oppose(c) Rising road – assists ve

THE EFFECTS OF A LARGE (SEVERE) OPFIRE IN MINE ROADWAYS (AFTER WILL


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EFFECT OF A SEVERE FIRE IN A DIPPIROADWAY (AFTER WILLET, 1973)

EFFECT OF A SEVERE FIRE ON A DESCENSIO


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EFFECT OF A SEVERE FIRE ON A DESCENSIOVENTILATED LONGWALL FACE (AFTER WILLE


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to extinguish a fire in its incipient stage, almost any

is effective. the most common is a shovel full of ro

and the use of multipurpose dry chemical from

extinguisher directed at the fire.

EXTINGUISHING A FIRE


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1. Evaluation of the potential of coal for spontaneous combustion.

a. Oxygen absorption

b. heating rate/crossing-point temperature

c. adiabatic calorimetry

d. Isothermal calorimetry

2. Factors contributing to spontaneous combustion

a. Coal characteristic

b. Airflow rate

c. Geological factors

d. Mining practice

e. Incubation period

EX SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION OF COTINGUISHING A FIRE


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9.2.3 PREVENTION OFSPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION

1. Mining layout

2. Air leakage

3. Inhibitors


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9.2.4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUCOMBUSTION

1. Haze formed when air heated by anincipient fire meets colder air2. Sweating or condensation in the roof

exposed surface due to the moistureformed by combustion

3. Fire stink with a characteristic smell,variously described as musty.4. Smoke in airways and5. Fire

9 2 4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUS COM


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9.2.4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUS COM

Carbon monoxide/oxygen deficiency ratio (Graratio)


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9.2.4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUS COMB

typical values of the carbon monoxide / oxygen

deficiency ratio for underground coal mines argiven below• 0,4 or less normal value• 0,5 neccesity for a thorough check-up•

1,0 heating is almost certain• 2,0 heating is serious, with or without the

presense of active fire• 3,0 active fire surely exists

9 2 4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUS COMB


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9.2.4 DETECTION OF SPONTANEOUS COMB

Continuous monitoring of carbon monoxide in m

Automatic minitoring for carbon monoxide is mines susceptible to heating. automatic monitorpermits the determination of carbon monoxid

and absolute values using microprocessors withneed to relate them oxygen deficiency.The infra-red analyser is one type of analyser, afor continious monitoring of carbon monoxide in


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INJECTION OF INERT GASES

Inert gases such as carbon dioxide gases produc

complete combustion and nitrogen have all been usemine fires. Carbon dioxide is delivered to the site form and is then vapourised. this method has not beeany significant extent for the following reason:

1. Carbon dioxide is not available in large quantities2. The permissible maximum carbon dioxide conte

by volume would be very rapidly reached and eon the return side of the fire3. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by rock

9 3 SPONTANEOUS OXIDATION AND COMB


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9.3 SPONTANEOUS OXIDATION AND COMBOF SULPHIDE IN UNDERGROUND MIN

Before starting to mine, a thorough assesstmepotentially reactive ore body should be carriImportant considerations include the geostructures, composition of ground waters a

chemical behavior of the sulphide minerals

9 3 SPONTANEOUS OXIDATION AND COMB


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9.3 SPONTANEOUS OXIDATION AND COMBOF SULPHIDE IN UNDERGROUND MIN

At mount isa mines, estimated volume flow

requrements for each particular mining methgiven below


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9.4 SEALING OFF FIRES UNDERGROU

When more direct methods of combatting aheating underground have proved unsuccessfuconsidered impractiable on unsafe, it is necesseal off the area from the rest of the mine.


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The build up of methane percentage in the a ir depends upon the cross sect

of the pipe, the percentage of gas in the pipe and the cross sectional area o

roadway, and can be calculated using the following relationship

9 4 1 MINIMUM FLOW RATE OF AIR REQU


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9.4.1. MINIMUM FLOW RATE OF AIR REQUTHE SEAT OF FIRE.

The minimum flow rate of air required over a fire zone must be calculatHowever, sometimes a quick calculation can be made using the following e

Where:

Qam = Minumum air volume flow rate, m3/minute

LL = Lower limit explosibility of the mixture flowing over the seat of the fire as deter

cCH4 = initial concentration of inflammable

Q g = Volume flow rate of inflammable

Cg = sum total of the percentage of the inflammbel gases

Q a = Volume flow rate of air over the fire zone, m3/minute.

9 4 2 PRESSURE BALANCING ACROSS STOP


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9.4.2 PRESSURE BALANCING ACROSS STOPWhen an area is scaled by two or more stoppings, the pressureson the outeach stopping should, as far as is practicable, bebalanced to prevent circulthrough the scaled area, particularlypast the seal of the fire.The pressustoppings can be eílicicnlly balanced by removingor adjusting doors in

connecting the outbyc sides of thestoppings

Fig. 9.11. Methods of balancing pre

pressureequalising roadways and

1973). (a) By removingdoors in a rooutbye sides of the stoppings; (

stoppings in the intake and return r

open Connecting roadway; (c) by a

C =stoppings; D = doors.

9 4 3 REMOTE SEALING SYSTEM


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9.4.3 REMOTE SEALING SYSTEMTo overcome the risks involved in building stoppings undergrounsealing systems have been develoved that are capable of working atalmost 500 m.

A. layout of venture injectors for controlli

air pressure.

B. layout of auxiliary fan for controllin

chamber air pressure. (after Willet,

leakage regulating valve: B = throttle valv


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9.5 REMOTE SEALING SYSTEM

As the fire hazard is always present, every mine should perfect and mown rescue and fire fighting organisastion by:

(1) training rescue crew and other personnel(2) preparing a detailed plan of action in which all workers. Suofficials, rescue crew and managemcn( know what they are requirthe time of a mine fire;(3) providing necessary fire fighting facilities at suitable places undewell as providing for their care and maintenance:(4) providing communications;(5) pros ¡ding copies of fIre fIghting plans a suitable places under gon the surface;(6) laying down procedures conducting fire fighting operations.


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9.5.1 TRAINING

The mine should develop a fire fighting organisation by

personnel with special reference to matters such as fire prfire drill, sealing, procedure, ventilation control, use of types of extinguishing agents and methods which may bthe case of different classes of fires.

Personnel should be well aware of the procedures and re

for the checking of person leaving and entering the workfirst aid organization and fasilities, transportation pcommunication systems and steps to be adopted in caemergency.

9 5 2 PROSEDURES AFTER DETECTIO


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9.5.2 PROSEDURES AFTER DETECTIOA FIRE

At the appearance of any sign of fire, the worker whoitshould inform the nearest supervisory official as soon asOndiscovery of an open tire, the person and any othevicinity of thefire should make a prompt effort lo extinguiinform without delaythe nearest supervisory official. Ifcannot be easily and quicklyextinguished or if the Smoke

fire is too dense to permitinvestigation. all workers in thand other parts of the mine likelyto be affected by fire gpossible explosion must withdraw to a safe area.


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9.5.3 FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIE

The efficiency of a mine fire fighting organisation dependavailability of adequate and proper fire fighting facilities a

places underground as well as on their constant mainte

that they operate reliably at peak operating efficiency at a

is advisable for large mines to appoint a safety officier res

for fire protection.


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9.5.4 COMMUNICATION

Every mine should have adequate communication facilities

suitable points underground and the mine surface so that alarsent in emergencies at all times. Telephones are the simthequickest means of communication in mines. They should beatthe top and bottom of evcry shaft or mine entry, at each shafatloading Stations and on the ititake and return sides of vdistricts.In large mines with cxtcnsivc mine workings, it is advato set upa telephone exchange underground which is connectpoints onthe surface and to a surface telephone exchange andcommunication office which can he used ;is the main central ofoperationsin case of an emergency. An emergency communicatiis invariably installed in mines which is independent of thcommunicationsystem, which has a tendency to be jammed byand outgoingcalls during an emergancy.


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9.5.5 PLANS

At every mine there must be provided in the control rescue rooms as well as at suitable places underground aset of plans and sections of the mine and tire fighting planmineventilation, water lines with diameters, hydrants apressure.location of fire and hose stations, fire trucks, fstone dustbarriers, preparatory fire stoppings, tire-pro

telephones, andcompressed air, pumping. and electrical sy

9.6 RECOVERY OF SEALED – OFF ARE


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9.6 RECOVERY OF SEALED OFF AREMINES

The re-opening of an area which has been sealed off owing to an

or spontaneous combustion is an arduous and hazardous taskno one procedure of recovery which would satisfy all conditioncase has to be considered separately.The recovery of a sealeshould be undertaken only whenconditions inside the area arthose engaged in the recovery workand will not cause additionto the mine. A certain amount oftime must clapse before the cbecome favourable. The time ofopening of a seated-off area de

the following factors (Ramlu,1975).1. Extent and intensity of fire at the time of sealing.2. Nature of adjacent strata3. Airtightness of stoppings and the enclosed4. composition of the fire gases


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Fire in Mine RLT