Fire Code-Philippines

8/12/2019 Fire Code-Philippines

1/39

FIRE CODE

OF THEPHILIPPINES

[email protected]


2/39

PART 1

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE 1185FIRE CODE


3/39

DEFINITION OF TERMS

ABATEMENT- Remove/neutralize fire hazardADMINISTRATOR

- Agent of the owner; manages the buildingBLASTING AGENT

- Fuel + Oxidizer used to set off explosivesCELLULOSE NITRATE/NITRO CELLULOSE

- Highly combustible/explosive cmpd. (nitric aid + cellulose)CELLULOSE NITRATE PLASTIC (PYROXYLIN)

- Any plastic substance with cellulose nitateCOMBUSTIBLE, FLAMMABLE OR INFLAMMABLE

- Materials easily set on fireCOMBUSTIBLE FIBER

- Free burning fiber (cotton, oakum, hay, straw, etc.)


4/39

COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID

- Liquid w/ flash pt. ^37.8 deg.C (100deg.F)CORROSIVE LIQUID

- Liquid w/c causes fire when in contact w/ organic matter/chemicalsCURTAIN BOARD- Vertical panel of non-combustible/fire-resistive materials attached

and extending below the bottom chord of roof trusses; divide theunderside of the roof to several compartments so that heat and

smoke will be directed upwards to a roof vent.CRYOGENIC- Any material w/c produces rapid drop of temperature to its

immediate surroundings.DAMPER

- Device installed inside an airduct w/c automatically closes to restrictsmoke or fire.

DISTILLATION

- Raising temperature, cooling & condensing to produce a nearlypurified substance


5/39

DUCT SYSTEM

- Continuous passageway for transmission of airDUST

- Finely powdered substance when mixed w/ air and ignited will causeexplosion.ELECTRICAL ARC

- Extremely hot, luminous bridge formed by the passage of electriccurrent across a space between 2 conductors due to the

incandescence of the conducting vapor.EMBER- Hot piece or lump partially burned, still oxidizing w/o the

manifestation of flames.FINISHES

- Final coasting of a surface (ornamental or protective)FIRE

- Active principle of burningFIRE TRAP

- Building unsafe in case of fire


6/39

FIRE ALARM

- Visual/audible signal, device or system; warn the occupants or firefighting elements of presence/danger of fire.

FIRE DOOR

- Fire resistive doorFIRE HAZARD

- condition/act which increase probability of fire; delay/hinder/interferefire fighting, safeguarding of life & property.

FIRE LANE- Portion of road/publicway kept opened/unobstructed for fire fighting

units.FIRE PROTECTIVE & FIRE SAFETY DEVICE

- Built-in protection system (sprinklers, automatic extinguishing system,

heat/smoke detectors, warning system)- Personal protective equipment (fire blankets, helmets, fire suits, gloves)FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTIONS

- Design & installation of walls, barriers, windows, vents, means of egress;treatment of building components with flame retardant chemicals; tominimize danger of fire and safe evacuation of people.


7/39

FLASH POINT

- Minimum temperature a material gives off vapor to form ignition.FORGING

- Metal is heated prior to changing shape/dimensionFULMINATE

- Stable explosive compund; explodes by percussionHAZARDOUS OPERATIONS/PROCESS

- manufacturing, fabrication, conversion w/c uses/produces materialsthat cause fires or explosions.

HORIZONTAL EXIT

- Passageway from one building to another or through or around thewall in approximately same floor level.

HOSE BOX- Box/cabinet where fire hoses, valves and other equipment warestored.

HOSE REEL

- Cylindrical device where fire hose is wound and connected


8/39

HYPERGOLIC FUEL

- Rocket or liquid propellant

INDUSTRIAL BAKING & DRYING

- Industrial process of heating materials to remove solvents/moisture,and fuse certain salts to form uniform glazing on the surface oftreated materials.

JUMPER

- Piece of metal or conductor used to bypass a safety in an electricalsystem

OCCUPANCY

- Intended use/purpose of a building

OCCUPANT

-Any person occupying/using a building (or portions) by virtue oflease contract/permission with the owner/administrator

ORGANIC PEROXIDE

- Strong oxidizing organic compound w/c causes fire when in contact

w/ combustible material under condition of high temperature.


9/39

OVERLOADING

- Use of electrical appliances/devices beyond the designed capacity ofexisting electrical system.

OWNER- Person who holds the legal right of possession or title to abuilding/property.

OXIDIZING MATERIAL

- Yields oxygen; stimulates/supports combustion.

PRESSURIZED/FORCED DRAFT BURNING EQUIPMENT- Type of burner where pressurized fuel is discharged to combustion

chamber which includes fans for introduction of air.PUBLIC ASSEMBLY BUILDING

- building/structure; 50 or more people congregate/gather/assemblePUBLIC WAY

- street, alley, strip of land unobstructed from ground to sky intended forpublic use

PYROPHORIC

- Ignites spontaneously when exposed to air


10/39

REFINING

-partial distillation & electrolysis; removing impurities/deleteriousmaterials from mixture

SELF-CLOSING DOORS

- Automatic closing doors; confines smoke & heat; delays spread of fire.SMELTING

- Melting/fusing metal ores; separate impurities from pure metals.SPRINKLER SYSTEM

- Integrated network of hydraulically designed piping with outlets w/cautomatically discharges water when activated by heat.STANDPIPE SYSTEM- Vertical pipes to which firehoses can be attached on each floor; includes

system where water is made available to outlets as needed.

VESTIBULE- Passage hall/antechamber between outlet doors and interior parts of

buildingVERTICAL SHAFT

- Vertical space/passage extending from floor to floor, base to top of thebuilding


11/39

SEC 5. GRACE PERIOD= 2 YEARS(Compliance with Fire Safety Constructions, Protective

and Warning Systems as Prescribed by the DirectorGeneral)

SEC 6. RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF

THE CODE

FIRE SERVICE >DIRECTOR GENERALof theIntegrated National Police

a. Implements Regulations

b. Reorganize Fire Servicec. Negotiates

d. Enter into MOA w/ other departments, offices,

corporations, agencies & private institutions


12/39

PART 2IMPLEMENTING RULES &

REGULATIONS


13/39

GENERAL SAFETY REQUIREMENT

FOR BUILDING, STRUCTURE ORFACILITY

FIRE SUPPRESSION DEVICES,EQUIPMENT OR SYSTEMS

FIRE SAFETY CONSTRUCTION

FIRE PROTECTION ANDWARNING SYSTEM


14/39

DEFINITIONS

AIRCRAFTS SERVICE STATION- That portion of an airport were flammable liquids arestored or dispensed

AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM

- Integrated system of underground or overhead pipingconnected to extinguishing agent actuated by automaticdetecting device to suppress fire.

BOILING POINT

- Temperature at which liquid is transformed to vaporCHIEF OF THE LOCAL FIRE SERVICE- Official duly designated to head the local Fire Service (in

cities or municipalities, the Station Commander of theIntegrated National Police)


15/39

CLASS A FIRE- Combustible materials (wood, cloth, paper, rubber &

plastics)

CLASS B FIRE- Flammable liquids and gasesCLASS C FIRE

- ElectricalCLASS D FIRE

- Combustible metals (magnesium, sodium, potassium, etc.)COMBINATION STANDPIPE

- Pipeline system filled with water and connected to aconstant water supply for the use of Fire Service andoccupants of the building solely for suppression purposes.

COMBUSTIBLE FIBER LOOSE HOUSE

- Isolated structure where loose fibers are stored.


16/39

DIP TANK

- Tank, vat, container of flammable/combustible liquid in whicharticles or materials are immersed for the purpose of coating,finishing, treating, or similr processes.

DRY STANDPIPE

- pipes not filled with water; water is introduced thru Fire Serviceconnections

EXPLOSIVE MAGAZINE

- Building, structure or facilities used for the storage of explosives,shells, projectile and ammunition.FIRE ALERTING SYSTEM

- Fire alarm system transmitted to designated locations instead ofsounding a general alarm to prevent panic.

FIRE PROTECTIVE ASSEMBLY- An assembly incorporated in a structure designed to prevent the

spread of fire (dampers, curtain board, fire stoppers)FIRE RESISTANCE RATING

- Time duration a material can withstand the effect of hundred firetest


17/39

FIRE WALL

- A wall designed to prevent the spread of fire w/ fire resistance ratingof not less than 4 hours and structurally stable.

FLAME SPREAD RATING- Time w/c flame will spread over the surface of a burning material.

FLAME RETARDANT

- Compound/mixture w/c improves fire resistant quality of fabrics

and other materials.HAZARDOUS FIRE AREA

- Land covered with dry grass, cogon, reeds, brush and other highlycombustible growth that fires are likely to occur and hard tosuppress.

HIGHRISE BUILDING

- Buildings, structures, facilities 15 meters or more in height.

MEANS OF EGRESS

- Continuous unobstructed route of exit from any point in a building,

structure or facility to a public way.


18/39

OCCUPANT LOAD

- Maximum number of persons that may occupy a building, structureor facility or portions thereof.

ORGANIC COATING

- Liquid mixture of binders (alkyd, acrylic) w/c when spread onsurface becomes protective and decorative finish.

PANIC HARDWARE

- Mechanical device consisting of linkages and a horizontal bar across a

door, which when pushed from the inside will cause the door toopen and facilitate exit from a building, structure or facility.PICKING ROOMS

- Rooms where baled, bundled or piled materials are segregated intodesired sizes or groups.

PLENUM- Air compartment or chamber w/ one or more ducts are connected to

form part of an air distribution system.SMOKE DEVELOPED RATING

- density and volume of smoke developed within a certain period of

time.


19/39

CLASSIFICATION

OFOCCUPANCY


20/39

A. ASSEMBLY

Theaters Assembly Halls Auditorium Exhibition Halls

Museum Restaurants Churches Terminals of Air Surface Underground Recreation Piers Court Rooms Conference Rooms

Dance Halls

Club Rooms

Skating Rink

Gymnasium

Bowling Facilities

Pool Rooms

Armories

Passenger Stations

Marine PublicTransportation Facilities

Mortuary Chapels


21/39

B. EDUCATIONAL

Schools

Universities

Colleges

Academies

Nursery Schools

Kindergartens Child Day Care Facilities


22/39

C. INSTITUTIONAL

Hospitals Nursing Homes

Nurseries

Homes for the Aged

Mental Care Institutions

Penal Institutions

Reformatories

Jails


23/39

D. RESIDENTIAL

One- & Two-Family Dwellings Hotels

Motels

Pension House Inns

Apartments

Dormitories

Orphanages

Lodging or Rooming Houses


24/39

E. MERCANTILE

Stores

Markets

Supermarkets

Department Stores

Shopping Centers

DrugstoreAuction Rooms


25/39

F. BUSINESS

Office for Lawyers, Doctors, Dentists and otherProfessionals

General Offices

City or Town Halls

Court Houses

Libraries


26/39


27/39

H. STORAGE

Warehouses Cold Storages

Freight Terminals

Truck and Marine Terminals

Bulk Oil Storage

Parking Garages

Hangars

Grain Elevators

Harns

Stables


28/39

I. MIXED OCCUPANCIES

2 OR MORE CLASSES OF

OCCUPANCY IN ONE BUILDING


29/39

J. MISCELLANEOUS

CANNOT BE CLASSIFFIED IN ANY OFTHE PRECEDING OCCUPANCY

GROUPSTowers

Piers and Water-Surrounded Structure

Vehicle & Vessels

Underground Structures and WindowlessBuildings


30/39

DEGREE OF HAZARD- probability that a building, structure or

facility may catch fire

LOW .. 1 MEDIUM .. 2

HIGH 3

VERY HIGH 4


31/39

DEGREE OF HAZARD DEPENDS

UPON THE FOLLOWING FACTORS :

1. Construction Materials

2. Combustibility of Contents

3.

Type of Occupancy4. Load Capacity or Number of Occupants

5. Height from the Ground Level

6. Longest Horizontal Travel Distance7. Fire Safety Construction


32/39

FIRE SAFETY IN

BUILDINGS,

STRUCTURES AND

FACILITIES


33/39

MEANS OF EGRESS


34/39

PROTECTIVE ENCLOSURE OFEXITS

3 STORIES OR LESS1 HOUR FIRERESISTANCE RATING

4 STORIES OR MORE2 HOUR FIRE

RESISTANCE RATING


35/39

1. TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXITS

INDIVIDUAL ROOM(Not more than 6 Occupants)MAX. 15Mfrom any point of the room to

exit door.2. WIDTH OF ANY WAY OF EXIT ACCESS

- MIN.71 cm3. NO DEAD-ENDS IN EXCESS OF 6M

4. SINGLE DOOR WIDTH - MIN. 71 cm(Fire Exit) - MAX. 122 cm

PANIC HARDWARE

Width = MIN. 2/3 of the door width

Height = MIN. 76mm

= MAX. 112mm

5. HEADROOM (Ceiling Height)= MIN. 2.30M


36/39

RAMPS

1.Width 112 cm & greater 76-112 cm

(Outside Ramps = MIN.120 cm)2. Slope 8-10% 10-17%

3. Maximum height

between landings No Limit 3.66M

4. Capacity in persons (modified)

Down 60 45

Up 45 45

CLASS A CLASS B

(100 Persons) (60 Persons)


37/39

INTERIOR STAIRS

1. Minimum width clear of allobstruction except handrails w/cmay project MAX. 89mm each side& stringers may project MAX.38mm each side. ----------------------

2. Maximum height of risers --------------3. Minimum width of tread exclusive of

nosing or projection -----------------

4. Winders------------------------------------

5. Minimum Headroom -------------------6. Maximum height between landings --

7. Minimum dimension of landings indirection of travel ---------------------

8. Doors opening immediately on stairswithout landing (width) --------------

CLASS A CLASS B

112cm 112cm ; 91cmwhere total

occupancy ofall floors served

by stairway is less

than 50 persons.

19cm 20cm

25cm 23cm

None None2M 2M

2.75M 3.70M

112 mm 112mm

NO NO


38/39

TREADS, RISERS & HANDRAILS

2R + T = 60cm to 63.5cm

Min. No. of Risers in 1 Flight = 3 Treads width variation = max. 5mm

Tread less than 25cm --- 25mm Nosing

Handrails - Height = 76cm to 86.5cm

- Setback (from the edge) = 25mm(NOTE: Stairways more than 223mm width shall haveimmediate handrails.)

Vertical Balusters (spacing) = max. 15.25cm apart

Longitudinal Rails (top and bottom) = max. 25.5mm


39/39

Documents

Fire Code-Philippines