Fire and Prevention

8/3/2019 Fire and Prevention

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Fire ExtinguishingFire Extinguishing

Dr.Kowit Nambunmee

School of Health Science

Mae Fah Luang University


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Fire, Fire ExtinguishingFire, Fire Extinguishing

SmokeSmoke

BurnBurn

InjuryInjury

CatastropicCatastropic

Animal deathAnimal death

Destroyed estateDestroyed estateClimate changeClimate change

Ecology changeEcology change


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Kader Toy IndustryKader Toy Industry

http://www.thaiengineering.com/column/lesson_disaster/World_trade_center/World_Trade_Center.asp

http://www.oknation.net/blog/print.php?id=595510

CatastropicCatastropic

DisabilityDisability

BurnBurnCompensationCompensation

Business imageBusiness image

Business chanceBusiness chance

ProfitProfit


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Definition of Fire

Definition of Fire

Fire is the heat and light energy released

during a chemical reaction, in particular a

combustion reaction.

Depending on the substances alight and any

impurities within, the color of the flameand the fire intensity might vary.

Fire, Fire Extinguishing


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http://www.tpfire.co.uk/Fire%20Triangle.JPG


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Heat/Ignition SourceHeat/Ignition Source

Direct heatCurrent electricity

Static electricity

Electric stormsImpact sparks and friction

Spontaneous combustion

Auto ignitionPyrophoric ignition

http://www.towage-salvage.com/Marine-other/2317.html


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Types of Ignition Sources Identified in WebsiteTypes of Ignition Sources Identified in Website

Case StudiesCase Studies

http://www.firesandexplosions.ca/hazards/ignition_sources.php


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Ignition SourceIgnition Source

Potassium chloratePotassium chlorate


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http://www.mycarefreepc.com/images/static_monkey.gif

Insulator

Charge imbalance

Catch electric current easily

https://reader009.{domain}/reader009/html5/0506/5aee74794d686/5aee747fcd79e.jpg


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Ignition SourceIgnition Source


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FuelFuel

Fuel classification;Solid

:wood, paper, plastic, rubber, fiber,some types of plastics

Liquid:petrol/gasoline, solvents, alcohol, oil,

paintGas

:ethylene, propylene, natural gas



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Combustible and FlammableCombustible and Flammable

FlammableFlammable is a material that can easily catch fireunder normal circumstances and with the help ofminimal ignition source. Just a spark is sufficientenough.

CombustibleCombustible materials can include anything thatwill burn. A simple spark is definitely not enough.


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FuelFuel

Temperature to generate fire

Flash point: lowest temperature at which a

liquid fuel will form an ignitable vapor Fire point: lowest temperature at which vapor

will be formed rapidly enough to sustain a fire

Boiling point: Lowest temperature at somegiven pressure at which a liquid begins to

evaporate or boil


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FuelFuel

Fuel properties;

1. Flash point

Fuel Flash point (C)Gasoline - 43

Acetone - 19

Heptane - 4

Toluene 6

Methyl alcohol 11



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FuelFuel

Mix with optimum concentration to the air

Upper flammability limit

Lower flammability limit

Specific gravity:

Water = 1

Water =1

Specific gravity>1

Specific gravity


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Flammable LiquidsFlammable Liquids

Flammable Limits Example

LEL lower explosive limit

UEL upper explosive limit


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BoilingP

ointBoilingP

ointD

efinitionD

efinition Boiling pointBoiling point is the temperature at which ais the temperature at which a

liquid changes to a gas (liquid changes to a gas (vaporvapor) at) at normalnormal

atmospheric pressureatmospheric pressure. A more specific. A more specific

definition of boiling point is the temperaturedefinition of boiling point is the temperature

at which theat which the vapor pressurevapor pressure of a liquid isof a liquid is

equal to the external pressure.equal to the external pressure.


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Example of Boiling PointExample of Boiling Point Water freezes atWater freezes at 3232 F.F.

((00 C)C)

Turns to liquid at aboveTurns to liquid at above

3232 F.F.

Boils & changes to GasBoils & changes to Gas

atat 212212

F (F (100100 C).C). ExpandsExpands 1717,,000000 times ittimes it

normal size when heated.normal size when heated.


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Boiling PointBoiling Point

MSDS relevanceMSDS relevance

Knowing the boiling point of a substance is anKnowing the boiling point of a substance is animportant consideration for storage.important consideration for storage.

3030 C: room temperature, almost evaporated,C: room temperature, almost evaporated,protect from sunlightprotect from sunlight


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FuelFuel

Fuel properties;1. Flash point

2. Ignition temperature

3. Auto-Ignition temperature

4. Percentage mixture

5. Water solubility6. Specific gravity

7. Vapor density



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OxygenOxygen

Oxidizing agent

Oxidation: give heat

Fluorine and chlorine

Exothermic reaction

-H: release energy


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Type of FireType of Fire


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Extinguishment TheoryExtinguishment Theory

Remove HeatRemove Heat

Remove FuelRemove Fuel

ReduceOxygenReduceOxygen WILLWILL

Inhibit ChemicalInhibit Chemical

Chain ReactionChain Reaction


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Cut-out

Air

Fuel


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Fire extinguisherFire extinguisher

Is an active fire protection device used to

extinguish or control small fires, often in

emergency situations.

It should never be used on an out-of-control

fire, such as one which reaches the ceiling,

endangers the user, or otherwise requires

the expertise of a fire department.



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Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a

handheld cylindrical pressure vessel

containing an agent which can bedischarged to extinguish a fire.



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The typical steps for operating a stored pressure fire

extinguisher: described by the acronym PASS

P: Pull the safety pin.A: Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, from a safe

distance. (about 1-3 meters)

S: Squeeze the handle.

S: Sweep the extinguisher from side to side while

aiming at the base of the fire.



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Types of extinguishing agentsTypes of extinguishing agents

Dry Chemical:

Powder based agent that extinguishes by

separating the four parts of the fire

tetrahegon.

It prevents the chemical reaction betweenheat, fuel and oxygen. Thus extinguishing

the fire.



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Dry Chemical:

Contrary to some beliefs dry chemical agents do not

cool or smother a fire.

Examples:

- Ammoniun phosphate- Sodium bicarbonate

- potassium bicarbonatex

- Potassium bicarbonatex & Urea complex


Types of extinguishing agents


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Foams:

AFFF: Aqueous Film Forming Foam

AR-AFFF: Alcohol Resistant-Aqueous Ailm

Forming Foams

FFFP: Film Forming Fluoro-Protein

CAFS: Compressed Air Foam SystemArctic Fire

Fire Ade




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Water:

APW: Air Pressurized Water

Water Mist

Water Additives:

Wet Chemical (potassium acetate)

Wetting agent: detergent based additives

used to break the surface

tension of water




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Clean Agents:

Agent does not extinguish by smothering but displaces

oxygen, or inhibits chemical chain reaction.

They are labeled clean agents because they do not

leave any residue after discharge which is ideal for

sensitive electronics and documents.




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Clean Agents:

Halon ( Halon 1221 and Halon 1301), a gaseous

agent that inhibits the chemical reaction of the

fire.

CO2, a clean gaseous agent which displaces

oxygen.

Mixtures of inert gases (inergen and argonite)




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Proactive Fire SafetyProactive Fire Safety

Fire Risk AnalysisFire Risk Analysis Identify the fuel source & eliminate it ifIdentify the fuel source & eliminate it if

possible.possible.

Identify the heat source and eliminate it ifIdentify the heat source and eliminate it ifpossible.possible.

Terminate behaviors that lead to hazardousTerminate behaviors that lead to hazardous

conditions & replace with appropriate behaviorsconditions & replace with appropriate behaviors

conducive to good fire safety.conducive to good fire safety.

1.1. Storing flammable and combustible inStoring flammable and combustible in

appropriate areas.appropriate areas.

2.2. On equipment, in fire cabinets, in work areas.On equipment, in fire cabinets, in work areas.


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Identifying Fire Hazards In YourIdentifying Fire Hazards In Your

Work AreaWork Area What chemical are present in your work area?What chemical are present in your work area?

What are there flash points?What are there flash points?

In stationary equipment areasIn stationary equipment areasOn mobile equipmentOn mobile equipment

At shopsAt shops

What heat source are present?What heat source are present?

Thermal (heat)Thermal (heat)

ElectricalElectrical

RadiantRadiant

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