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What you will learn
Explain the difference between beat, rhythm, meter, and accent
Identify metric patterns in music, and write these patterns in graphic notation
Explain the concept of melodic rhythm
Improvise rhythm patterns while coordinating your performance with other musicians in the class
What are rhythm, accent, and meter?
Time in music Beat – unit of musical time▪ the beat gives music its energy▪ Beats are the units that organize all the
rhythms in music Rhythm – the way music moves through
time Accent:▪ Emphasis placed on musical sound
Meter
Aural aspect of music in which a certain number of beats are grouped together Usually groups of two (duple) or three
(triple) The accents help establish the meter
Measure: The division of beats into defined groups
separated by a bar line Activity 1, p. 77 CD 3:12
Coordination in music
In music, coordination involves keeping more than one rhythm going at one time
Musicians often perform more than one complex pattern at the same time
Activity 2, p. 79 CD 2:4 Count and coordinate rhythmic patterns
Drum set, from above
“Felt” time
When you are waiting on the telephone and music is put on, does slow music or fast music help the time pass faster?
Why?
Metrical Patterns and Melodic Rhythms
Think about patterns around you. What patterns can you think of in
plants, animals, weather, mathematics, science, and music
As humans, why are we drawn to patterns?
Mixing meters
Composers sometimes mix meters to create an interesting rhythmic organization in their music
This can be seen in the music of Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Activity 3, p. 80 CD 3:13 “Procession of the Nobles”
Melodic rhythm
The rhythm pattern of a composition’s melody
A melodic pattern that is so distinctive that you can hear it just by clapping it
Activity 4, p. 81 CD 3:14, Figure 4-1, p. 82 Symphony No. 7, Second Movement Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven
German 1770-1827 One of the world’s greatest composers Came from poverty The world’s first self-employed composers Three style periods
Early or Vienna (1792-1802) – classical style▪ First noticed hearing loss▪ Listening – Moonlight Sonata
Middle (1802-1815)▪ Some of his most important works including Symphony No. 5
Late (1815-1827)▪ He was totally deaf▪ Wrote Missa Solemnis and Symphony No. 9
Rhythms in Everyday Life
STOMP Musical group famous for its use of found
musical instruments Groups’ goal – “listen to the world in a
different way and hear music where maybe they didn’t think there was music before”
Activity 5, p.83 CD 3:15 DVD Stomp▪ How does the music of STOMP invite you to
listen to the world in a different way?▪ Would you classify this performance as dance?▪ How is it theatre?
Activity 6, p. 84
DVD – STOMP, Island Groove How many different ways do they create
sounds with basketballs? Working in groups of four, practice your
musical coordination and counting ability. Assign each person a number from one to four. In sequential order, perform each part.
Improvisation
Spontaneous musical invention The improviser is simultaneously a composer
and performer Most improvisation is done within certain
boundaries Elaborate on a familiar melody
The improviser and accompaniment must remain coordinated rhythmically and tonally
Improvisation is an art with many techniques Some believe that improvisation is the highest
form of human thinking Activity 7, p. 86
Rhythm in the music of the Bamileke
Music is part of every day life in cultures around the planet
Cameroon – a republic of Africa Home to many cultural groups
Rhythmic patterns in Bamileke music
The people perform highly rhythmic music to accompany their Lali – warrior dance
The dances are performed only by males They symbolize tribal unity and pride Activity 8, p. 88 CD 3:17 Instruments
Two-tone bells N’to – mid-sized tubular drum N’ket – large closed drum rattles
Syncopation
Deliberate shifts of accent so that it conflicts with the steady
The goal is to interrupt or upset the steady beat
Creates a feeling of imbalance
Ragtime
American music full of syncopation
Dance form of the 19th century
Usually written down, unlike jazz
Amateurs could buy and play the music
“The Entertainer” Scott Joplin
Scott Joplin (1868-1917) Born in Texarkana, Texas Taught himself piano Published his first collection in 1899 Ragtime was overshadowed by jazz The movie The Sting (1973) featured Joplin’s
music which led to a rediscovery of Ragtime He now holds and important place in
American music “Maple Leaf Rag” (1899) named for a club in
Sedalia Activity 9, p. 91 CD 3:18
Creative rhythms
Blue Man Group Known for memorable
appearance and distinctive performances
They take simple ideas and make them sound complex
Activity 10, p. 93 CD 3:19/DVD From the Top – Rattan Trio
CD 1:7 Chapter Review p. 95 #1-16
Review - terms
The aural aspect of music in which a certain number of beats are grouped together Meter
The division of beats into defined groups separated by a bar line Measure
Type of spontaneous musical invention Improvisation
The emphasis place on a musical sound Accent
A repeated melodic figure Melodic ostinato
Review – more terms
Deliberate shifts of the accent so that it goes against the steady beat Syncopation
A repeated musical figure Ostinato
Since the first beat of a group is accented, hearing the accent helps establish the… Meter
The rhythm pattern of a composition’s melody Melodic rhythm
Review
Bamileke music•Perform highly rhythmic music to accompany their warrior dance•Instruments: two-tone bells, N’to(medium sized tubular drum, N’ket (large closed drum, rattles
Syncopation• creates a feeling of imbalance or something unexpected•Feeling is caused by accents falling on weaker beats or between main beats
Review
Why is coordination an important asset for a musician? While keeping a steady beat, a musician often plays
one or more complex rhythms simultaneously Explain the difference between beat and rhythm
Beat is a unit of musical time, a steady recurring pulse Rhythm is the way music paces itself and moves
through time How does Blue Man Group take a very simple
musical idea and make it sound richly complex? They make music that sounds complex by subdividing
beats into beats of equal length
Review
What did Beethoven use for the opening of the Second Movement of his Symphony No. 7 Simple melodic rhythm
What did Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov us in “Procession of the Nobles”? Mixed meter
Who composed the “Maple Leaf Rag” Scott Joplin
When was Ragtime popular? Before World War I
Review - essay
Using music terminology, describe the rhythmic techniques used in the segment from STOMP Out Loud to create interest and variety Use of ostinatos Use of found instruments Dramatic dynamics Variety of rhythms Use of movement and sound together