Financing climate change action

French GlobalEnvironment Facility

FINANCING ACT ION COMBATING CL IMATE CHANGE

FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE2

French GlobalEnvironment Facility

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FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE 3

Towardfortheglobalenvironment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

Addressingprioritiesoftheglobalenvironment.....................................................................................................................................................7

Ajointactioninstrument....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

FGEFprojectcofinancing....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11

FGEFstrategyintheclimatechange..............................................................................................................................................................................................................14

• Reducingandlimitinggreenhousegasemissions,mitigation................................................................................................................................17

•Adaptingtoreducevulnerabilitytoclimatechange.....................................................................................................................................................................30

•Mobilizingandstructuringspecializedfinancingforenergy

efficiencyandrenewableenergies..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................32

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Towardfortheglobalenvironment (FRENCHGLOBALENVIRONMENTFACILITY)

Itsubsidizes,throughdevelopmentoperations,thepreservationofthemajorequilibriumsofourplanetconcerning:-climatechange,

-biodiversity,

-internationalwaters,

-landdegradationanddesertification,

-persistentOrganicPollutants(POP),

-stratosphericozonelayer.

TheFGEF’sgoalsareto:- promote the protection of the global environment in developing countries,- encourage innovation,- mobilize multi-actor partnerships.


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TheFGEFisinvolved:-inprovidingsupportforconcreteachievementsin

beneficiarycountries,

-indevelopingalearningapproachandtestingexemplaryorinnovativeapproaches,

-attherequestofoneofitsfiveFrenchinstitutionalpartners,

-inminoritycofinancing,

-asanadditionalinstrumentforFrenchforeignaid,asapart

ofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance.

Created for an initial period from 1994 to 1998, it was extended for asecondphasefrom1992to2002,forathirdphasefrom2003to2006andforafourthphasefrom2007to2010.Thefour-yearfundingforthesephaseswas67millioneuros,and70.2millionforthefinalphase.

FundedbytheStatebudget,asapartofOfficialDevelopmentAssistance,ithad277.5millioneurosforthe1994-2010period.Thisisinadditiontothe

FrenchcontributiontotheGlobalEnvironmentFund(GEF).

Attheendof2009,209projectshavebeenidentified,45ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.

TheFGEFisaninstrumentofFrenchpolicyoncooperationanddevelopmentwhichbringstogetherthemesdealingwiththeglobalenvironment.Itpromotesinnovativeandreproducibleprojects,supportsmulti-actorpartnerships.ItispartofthegeographicalprioritiesofFrenchaidandcontributestoFrance’sinfluence.


ofwhichcofinancedwithGEFresources.

2009Attheendof

20945

projectshavebeenidentified,

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PrioritytoAfricaandtheMediterranean

Theprojects’keyfigures,excludingozoneAfteraninitialstartingperiod,theFGEFreachedmaturityin2003.

From2003totheendof2009,106 projectshadbeenexaminedorwereunderconsideration,representinga

potentialcommitmentof120 million euros.

TheFGEFissupportedbyfiveFrenchmemberinstitutions:• TheMinistriesof: - Economy,IndustryandEmployment, - ForeignandEuropeanAffairs, - Ecology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea, - HigherEducationandResearch.

• andTheFrenchDevelopmentAgency(AFD)whichisalso inchargeofthemanagementoftheFGEF.

Theamount

oftheaverageFGEF

millioneuros1.112%

subsidyis

whichaccountsfor

approximately oftheprojectcost.

Africa

Mediterranean

LatinAmerica

AsiaandPacific

EsternEurope

Biodiversity

Climatechange

Internationalwaters

FightagainstdesertificationandPOP’s

BREAKDOWNBYREGION

BREAKDOWNBYAREA

2,3%

50,5%

18,3%

10,9%

18%

2 projects

52 projects

22 projects

11 projects

19 projects

9,5%

44,5%

33,3%

12,7%

FINANCING ACTION COMBATING CLIMATE CHANGE

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Addressingpriorities oftheglobalenvironment

ClimatechangeGlobal WarmingistheresultofthegreenhouseeffectwhichinturnisduetoanincreaseofGHG,especiallycarbongas,intheatmosphere.

InkeepingwiththeguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,theFGEFencouragesprojectsthatreducetheconsumptionoffossilfuelsby:

-promotingrenewableenergyandenergythathasalow outputofgreenhousegases,

-highligtingthevalueofusingbiomass,

-improvingenergyefficiencyinenergyconsumingsectors,

-storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.

InternationalwatersInternational waters,whethertheybecontinental(surfaceorgroundwater)ormarine,areoftensharedbyseveralStatesorfallundernojurisdiction.

Thesewatersarethreatenedprimarilybyoveruse(overfishing),pollutionorcoastalerosion.

ThegoaloftheFGEFistobringaboutabettermanagementofinternationalwaters.Itpromotesprojectsthat:

-makecollaborationbetweenStatesapriority,

-strengthenmeasurementnetworksandtrackingsystems,

-contributetoreducingsourcesofpollution.

BiodiversityBiodiversityreferstoallthegenes,speciesandecosystemsfoundonourplanet.Biodiversityisseriouslythreatened.Inordertopreserveit,projectsfundedbytheFGEFseektoimplementthemainguidelinesoftheUnitedNationsConventiononBiologicalDiversity.Theseprojectsdealwith:

-thepreservationofspeciesandplaces,

-thetraditionaluseofnaturalresourcesby localcommunities,

-thesustainablemanagementofnatural resourcestoserveeconomicandsocial development.

Theprojectsmusttakeintoaccountthelocalpopulations,involvethemintheprotectionoftheirenvironmentandhavethembenefitfromtheresultingadvantages.


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Landdegradation Desertification

Desertificationistheresultofclimaticvariationandhumanimpactwhichleadstoadeteriorationoftheecosystemsinaridzones.Thisphenomenonaffectsbothbiodiversityandthesocialandeconomicconditionsofthelocalpopulations.

FGEFactioninthisareaessentiallytargetstheSaharanandSaheliancountries.Financialprioritygoestoprojectsatthelocallevelwhichseektostrengthentheresilienceoftheecosystemsortoreversethedesertificationprocesswhenpossible,includingthecombatagainstdeforestationandforestdegradation.Itsupportsagro-ecologyinparticular.

Persistentorganicpollutants(POP’s)Thereare12dangeroussubstances(pesticides,industrialchemicalproductsandchemicalsub-products)thathavealonglifetimeandwhichcanmigratethroughlandandwater,oftenovergreatdistances.Astheyaccumulateinthefoodchain,theyareingestedbylivingcreaturesandsubsequentlyleadtoimmuneproblemsandgeneticdefects.

GiventheheavyimpactofPOP’sontheenvironmentandhealth,theFGEFhasbeensupportingprojectstoeliminatethesepollutantssince2004.

OzonelayerStratosphericozoneisaprotectivescreenwhichabsorbspracticallyalloftheultravioletraysproducedbythesun,whicharedangerousforlifeonearth.Asignificantreductionintheconcentrationofstratosphericozonehasbeenobservedsincethebeginningofthe1980’s.Thisphenomenonisduetoman’sproductionofsubstancesthatdepletetheozonelayer,usedinrefrigerants,solvents,aerosols,insulatingfoam,pesticidesandfireextinguishinggasses.

Certainozonedepletingsubstances(ODS)haveahighglobalwarmingpotential(GWP).ByeliminatingtheseODS,theMontrealProtocolhasmadeitpossibletoavoidemissions’equivalentof8Gt-eqCO

2/yearbetween1990and2010.

TheFGEFSecretariat,onbehalfoftheMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,ensuresthefollow-upofthestrategiesandgivesadviceconcerningtheorientationssuggestedbythe196PartiestotheMontrealProtocol.ItalsorepresentsFranceasExecutiveCommitteememberoftheMultilateralFund,whichprovidesfundingintheformofgrantforprojectswhichphaseoutODSsindevelopingcountries.TheFGEFSecretariatthereforealsoparticipatesinthesubsequentinternationalnegotiations.From1991to2009,thetotaloftheFrenchcontributionstotheMultilateralFundhavebeen195millionUS$.

Lastly,itimplementsandmanagesprojectspresentedbyFrancetotheMultilateralFundbyparticipatinginprojectpreparation(includingseekingoutpartnershipsandco-financingopportunities),providingequipment,technicalassistanceandtraining.


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Ajointaction instrument

TheFGEFisrunbythreebodies: - the Steering Committee,

- the Scientific and Technical Committee,

- the Secretariat.

InterministerialGovernanceTheFGEFSteeringCommitteeismadeupoffiveinstitutionalpartners:theMinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmployment,theMinistryofForeignAffairs,theMinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSea,theMinistryofHigherLearningandResearchandtheFrenchDevelopmentAgency,whichisalsoinchargeofmanagingtheFGEFSecretariat.ItischairedbytherepresentativeoftheMinistryinchargeoftheEconomy(TreasuryDirectorate).

TheSteeringCommitteemakesdecisionson:

- thegeneralpolicyoftheFGEF,primarilythe geographicalorientations,thefocalareasandthe Secretariat’sbudget,

- thetimelinessofprojectsattheidentificationstage afterreceivingtheopinionoftheScientificand TechnicalCommittee,

- thefinancialcommitmentattheendoftheappraisal phase.

TheSteeringCommitteeappointsthemembersoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee.


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ArigorousprocessofanalysisandevaluationTheFGEFhasanindependentScientificandTechnicalCommittee.TheCommitteeiscomposedof10individualsrenownedfortheireconomic,environmentalandsocialexpertiseintheareascoveredbytheFGEF:

- itmakesrecommendationsattheprojectidentification stageandobservationsatthecommitmentstage,

- itconductsandleadswork(studiesandseminars) dealingwiththescientific,technicalandsocioeconomic aspectsconcerningtheglobalenvironment,

- itparticipates,alongwiththememberinstitutionsand theSecretariat,ininitiativesthatseektoinformand raiseawarenessamongFrenchandinternational partnersabouttheprioritiesoftheglobal environment.

AflexibleandproactivemanagementstructureTheFGEFSecretariatisalightstructure,comprisedof10permanentstaffmembers.Itdealswith:

- theappraisalandfollow-upofprojectsfinancedbythe FGEF,incollaborationwithitsmember-institutions,

- thepreparationandimplementationofdecisions madebytheSteeringCommittee,

- thesectorialrelationswithinstitutional,scientific, economicandassociativepartners,

- thefollow-upoftheGEF,theMultilateralFundofthe MontrealProtocolandsectorialrelationswithbilateral andmultilateraldonors.

TheFGEFSecretariatisattachedtoAFD’sStrategyDivision.Foritsownmanagement,theFGEFusestheaccounting,financialandhumanresourcesDepartmentsoftheAFD,aswellasitsnetworkoflocalagencies.


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EligibilitycriteriatoreceiveFGEFfinancingIn order to be eligible, and project must: - haveasignificant,positiveimpactontheglobalenvironment, - contributetotheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthebeneficiarycountryandpopulations, - beinnovative,andhaveademonstrable,reproducibleeffect, - ensuresocial,institutionalandeconomiclongevityafteritscompletion, - beimplementedbyanefficientandcapablebody, - beprimarilyfinancedbyotherdonors(includinglocalones),withtheFGEFprovidingonlyminorityfunding, - beconsistentwithFrenchcooperationanddevelopmentpriorities.

Are not eligible: - programslimitedtocapacitybuildingandresearchnotrelatedtodevelopmentprojects, - recurringactivitiesandinstitutionorbodyoperatingcosts.

TheFGEFprojectcofinancing


FGEFeligiblecountriesarealldevelopingcountrieseligibleforOfficialDevelopmentAssistanceasdefinedbytheOECD.65%oftheresourcesgotoAfricaandtheMediterranean.


2 Identification

- identificationfiledrawnupbyoneoftheFrenchinstitutional partnerswiththepotentialbeneficiary,

- assistancefromtheSecretariatforthedraftingandformatting,

- verificationofprojecteligibilitybytheFGEFSecretariat,

- advicefromtheScientificandTechnicalCommitteeandthe Secretariat,

- authorizationfromtheSteeringCommitteetoundertake appraisaloftheproject.

3 Ex-anteevaluation

- conductinganex-antefeasibilitystudyoftheprojectwitha detaileddefinitionofthetechnical,economicandinstitutional conditionsoftheproject’simplementationandapplication pointsofthefinancingonthebasisofthefeasibility,thelogistic framework,

- draftingapresentationreport.

4 Commitment

- projectapprovalbytheSteeringCommittee,opinionprovided duringthemeetingoftheScientificandTechnicalCommittee andSecretariat,

- authorizationfromtheSecretariattocommitthe correspondingfunds,

- signatureofthefinancingagreementwiththebeneficiary.

1 Pre-identification

- draftingasummarysheetthatpresentsthecharacteristicsof theproject:objectives,partners,indicationsintermsof contentandcost

- achoiceof12filesandpresentationreportstobeconsidered foreachofthethreeannualSteeringCommittees,carriedout bytheSecretariatincollaborationwiththememberinstitutions.

FGEFprojectcycle


9 Communicationtothirdparties(CD,brochures)

Informationconcerningtheprojectaftercompletionorafterthepost-evaluationphaseisconductedbythememberinstitutionwiththesupportoftheSecretariatand/orthebeneficiarypartners.Thisinformationmightdealwithaseriesofprojectsconcerningthesamethemeorthesamegeographicalarea.

8 Lessonslearned

- retrospectiveevaluations,seminars.

7 Post-evaluation

- evaluationofresultsandimpactsafter projectcompletion.

6 Completionreport5 Implementation

- implementationoftheprojectbythegrantbeneficiary,

- follow-upandsupervisionbytheFrenchinstitutionwiththe assistanceoftheSecretariat,

- possiblemid-termreview,

- managementoffundsbytheAFD.

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TheFGEFstrategyintheclimatechange

Globalwarmingistheresultofanincreaseofthegreenhouseeffect,duetotheincreaseingreenhousegases(GHG’s)releasedbyhumanactivity:energy,transportation,industry,housing,waste,agricultureanddeforestation.Sincethebeginningoftheindustrialage,theconcentrationofGHG’sintheatmospherehasincreasedby35%,andthreatenstoaffectthelivingconditionsinallareasoftheworldifnothingisdoneinthenearfuture.

Awareoftheproblem,189countriesratifiedtheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangein1992.In1997,141countriessignedtheKyotoProtocol,whichenteredintoforceinFebruary2005.TheindustrializedcountriesinAnnexImadeaglobalcommitmenttoreducetheiremissionsbyatleast5%accordingto1990levelsbetween2008and2012,witheachindustrializedcountryachievingitsownreductionobjectives.

TheFGEFencourages“mitigation”projectsthatseektoreduceoratleastlimittheconsumptionofnon-renewablefossilfuelsandGHGemissionsby:

- promotingrenewableenergiesandthosethatrelease lowamountsofgreenhousegases,

- highlightingthevalueofusingbiomassforenergy,

- developingefficientenergyproductionsystems,

- improvingtheenergyefficiencyinenergyconsuming sectors(housing,transportation,industry,agriculture),

- storingcarboninforests,thesoilandunderground.

Since2005,theFGEFhasalsobeensupportingprojectsthatstrengthendevelopingcountries’capacitiestoadaptintheareasofsurveillance,knowledgeandresilience.

6551for projects

between2003and2009


After20yearsofinformationraisingawarenessabouttherisksofclimatechange,ithasbecomeamajorinternationalpoliticalissue.ItdealswithcrucialissuesrelatedtoStates’variousdegreesofresponsibility,todividingeffortsbetweencountries,totheirpoliticsanddevelopmentmodes,totheorientationoftheirresearchandtotheirtechnologicalchoices.Solidaritybetweencountriesisakeyelementforefficientlycombatingclimatechangeandfindingappropriateresponsestotheforeseeableconsequencesofthischange,especiallyinthepoorestcountries,whicharealsothemostvulnerable.

M€ofsubventions

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37%

21%6%

28%

3 projects(5,1 M€)



13 projects(18 M€)


FINANCER LA LUTTE CONTRE LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE 15

Itsexperienceintheareaofinnovationandasaleverencouragingprogress(energyefficiency,reasonableconsumptionoffossilfuels)inthesecountrieshasmadeitpossibleforseveralinstitutionsorpartnerstocontinueandtodeveloptheactionsinitiallyundertakenbytheFGEF.ThemoststrikingexamplesaretheactivitiesthatAFDhasbeensupportingsince2004inChinaandtheMediterraneancountriesonenergyefficiencyinbuildingsorthedevelopmentofwindfarmsinthecementproductionsectoroftheMaghrebcountries.

Inaddition,theFGEFsupportsthedisseminationoftheprojectmechanismsidentifiedintheKyotoProtocol:theCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)andtheJointImplementationwhichmakeitpossibletoreduceGHGemissionsatthelowestcostbyfacilitatingthetransferofcleantechnologiesandpromotingsolidaritybetweenNorthernandSoutherncountries.

Moreover,thenew“REDD”mechanism(ReducingEmissionsrelatedtoDeforestationandtheDegradationofforestsindevelopingcountries)currentlybeingdevelopedwillalsocontributetofinancingthefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect.

Intheareaofclimatechange,theFGEFisstrengtheningsynergieswithotherareasoftheglobalenvironmentinwhichtheFGEFisactive,essentiallyprotectingbiodiversity,combatingdesertificationandprotectingtheozonelayer.

From2003totheendof2009,theFGEFclimatechangeportfoliohad51projectsidentifiedinabout20countries:20inAfrica,12intheMediterranean,3inLatinAmerica,13intheAsia/Pacificregionand3inEasternEurope,foranoveralltotalof64.9millioneuros.

TheFGEFencouragesprojectsthatareexemplary,innovativeandreproducible.Itsactionconsistsinevaluatingissues,establishingpriorities,ensuringpilotprojects’implementation,policysupport,

impactassessmentandsharingofexperiences.

PORTFOLIOBREAKDOWNOFCLIMATECHANGEPROJECTSBYREGION

Africa

Mediterranean

LatinAmerica

AsiaandPacific

EsternEurope

Themeanstomeetcommitments

Mobilizingspecialized financing

Exerting a lever effect

Adapting

toanalreadysignificantimpact

Mitigation

toreduceandlimitgreenhousegasemissions

Mitigationthroughreducing emissions

Mitigationthroughusing“carbonsinks”forsequestration

Adaptingnaturalandhumansystems.

3criteria:sensitivity(thedegreetowhichasystemisaffectedbyclimaticstimuli),adaptability(relatedtoclimatechange)andvulnerability(degreeofinabilitytoadapttoadversity)


Reducingandlimitinggreenhouse gasemissions,mitigation(CO

2,CH

4,Nox,SF

6,PFC,HFC…)

MITIGATINGBYREDUCINGEMISSIONS

Acting on the energy supply

Promoting renewable energies

Hydraulic,wind,geothermalandsolar

Highlighting the value of renewable biomass

Woodenergy,biogas(waste),biofuels

Developing efficient energy production systems

Naturalgasandgasfromliquefiedoil,cleancoal,capturing,minegas,combinedcycle,tri/cogeneration,interconnection


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BypromotingrenewableenergiesandcleancarbonenergyToday,mostenergysystemsusefossilfuel(coal,oilandgas),whichleadstoheavylocalpollutionandahighreleaseofGHG’s.TheFGEFseekstoreplacetheseenergieswithrenewableenergies(wind,hydraulic,geothermalandsolar).

Dominique-GeothermalpowerCaribbeanFGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:5.5M€-2007.

Partners:localandnationalauthorities,EDF,DOMLEC,AFD.

Thefirstphaseoftheprojectconsistsofidentifyinganexploitablesitetopowerthegeothermalpowerplantcapableofproducing50MW,whichwillsupplynotonlyDominiquebutalsoneighboringislands(Guadeloupe,Martinique).

Morocco-Ruralelectrificationandsolar-poweredpumpFGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:19.4M€-2003.

Partners:otalEnergieMaroc/TEMASOL,NationalOfficeofElectricity(ONE),EDFEnergie,KfW,AFD.

Theprojectmadeitpossibletowidelydevelop,intheprovincesofKhemisset,Khenifra,KhouribgaandSettat,thefirstlarge-scalehomesolarpowersystems(16,000setsofsolarcells)andtoprovideadozencollectivesolar-poweredpumps.Theinstallation,maintenance,creditandpaymentweredonethroughalong-termmanagementcontractawardedtoaprivateoperator(10years).Theoperatoriscurrentlymanagingmorethan25,000subscribersperyear,anddoingsoinaruralarea.


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BydemonstratingthevalueofrenewablebiomassAgriculturalactivitiesindevelopingcountriesandtransitioncountriesareessentialeconomicactivities.Usingbiomasstoproduceenergycouldbeasolutiontotakeadvantageof.Aspartofenergyproducingsystemsadaptedtolocalsituations,theFGEFissupportingthedevelopmentoftheseuses.

Lithuania-Settinguparegionalwood-energysectorFGEFcontribution:1.0M€-Totalcost:10.8M€-2004-2009.

Partners:LithuanianMinistryoftheEnvironment,LITESKO,privateLithuanianpartners(MEDJIVA,SKYDRINE),ADEME,MEEDDM.

Thisprojectmadeitpossibletosetupanewwood-energysectorinthesoutheasternareaofLithuania(Vilnius—Vilkasiskis—Marijampole),whichwillprovidefueltomunicipalheatcentersusingforestexploitationandwoodprocessingby-products.

WestAfrica-DevelopingavegetablewastecarbonizationfacilityFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:1.5M€-2003-2006.

Partners:Géocoton,ADEME,MAEE,SilosdeTourtoulen,CNAM.

Thisprojectplanstodevelopasemi-industrialriceballcarbonizerinthericeproducingregionofRosso,inthesouthofMauritania,inordertoprovidemarketablehouseholdfuelavailableonlocalmarketsaswellaselectricalenergyforshellingfacilities.


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ByenergyefficientsystemsManycountries,duetotheirenergyproductionsystems,haveapoortrackrecordintermsofenergyperformance.Thiscanbeduetolagginginvestmentsortosituationsthatarenotconducivetosavingenergy.TheFGEFsupportsthedevelopmentofnewsystemsofthemostefficientinnovativeenergyproducingsystems(combinedcycle,co-generation,wood-energy,etc…).

Morocco-Wood-energyinanurbanlocation(improvinghammamboilers)FGEFcontribution:1.6M€-Totalcost:4.1M€-2003-2008.

Partners:MinistryofEnergyandMinesofMorocco,CDERandAPEHC,AFD.

Theproject’sgoalwastoimprovetheenergyperformanceofaboutahundredhammamsandbakerieswhichusewoodforfuelindifferentcitiesintheKingdomofMorocco.Thisimprovementwastheresultofthecompletionofaboilermodernizationprogramthatwascarriedoutonawidescale.Reasonableinvestmentsmadeitpossibletoreducewoodconsumptionbyhalfinthehammamsthatwerepartnersintheprogram.Morethan150boilerswereimproved,whichhadasignificanteffectintermsofreducingtheamountofwoodusedperyear,from23,000tonsto17,000.Theprojectprovidedaidnotonlytothegeneralcontractorsbutalsohadapositiveimpactonthesupplyoftheprovidersandboilermakersinparticular.Thereturnoninvestmentisabout12months.

ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)FrenchbilateralfundingpartoftheMFMP:0.44M€-FGEFcontribution:0.75M€-Totalcost:5.3M€(includingMFMP:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)-2007.

Partners:UNIDO,France,Germany,Japan.

Countries:Cameroon,Egypt,Namibia,Nigeria,Senegal,Sudan.

ThisprojectseekstoreducetheconsumptionofCO2

producingfossilfuelsandtoeliminateCFC’s,whicharesubstancesthatdestroytheozonelayer.Theprojectwillmakeitpossibletoreplace10%ofthechillersinsixAfricancountries,whichwillsubsequentlyleadtootherequipmentbeingreplaced.

Thisprojectboastsadoubleimpactontheenvironmentbycontributingtothefightagainstglobalwarmingandtotheprotectionoftheozonelayer.


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Acting on the energy demand

Housing

Urbanplanningandlayout,construction,equipment

Transportation

Organizationofurbanandinter-citytransportation,promotionofintegratedcollectivetransportation,newinformationandcommunicationtechnologies

Industries

Providingrecyclable,low-energyrequiringfinishedproducts,improvingtheproductivityoftheproductionprocesses,usingrecyclablerawmaterials

Agriculture

Promotingless-intensiveagriculture,sharingprogressivetechniques

InhousingInSoutherncountries,energyperformanceinresidentialandtertiaryhousingisnotalwaystheobjectofrealoptimization(design,choiceofmaterial,environmentalquality,effectiveequipment,constructioncosts,…).TheFGEFsupportstheimprovementofenergyperformanceinbuildingsthroughthesearchforinnovativesolutionsadaptedtolocalsituations(regulations,standardizingequipment,pricingthatisanincentivetoenergysavings,classifyingbuildings,buildingtechniques,…).Aconstanteffortismadetoimprovelocalpartners’capacitybuilding,withqualifiedFrenchexpertisealsobeingavailable.

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Afghanistan-SpreadinggoodenergyefficiencypracticesinthepublicbuildingconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.35M€-Totalcost:12.9M€-2006.

Partners:AfghanMinistryoftheEnvironment,ADEME,GERES,MAEE,GermanCooperation(GTZ).

Theproject’sobjectiveisthedevelopmentoftheimplementationofenergyefficiencymeasuresinpublicbuildingswhoseconstructionwasfinancedbyinternationalaid.Between2005and2008,274buildings,totaling168,225m²,wereimproved.Thecostoverrunforinsulationremainedbelowtheestablishedlimitof12%.Energyneedscanbereducedby70%byusingimprovedinsulation.Theimprovementofthebuildingsalsomadeitpossibletoavoidreleasing18,000tonsofCO

2intotheatmosphereperyear.

Tunisia-EnergyefficiencyinthethermalregulationandconstructionsectorFGEFcontribution:1.9M€-Totalcost:10.3M€-2002.

Beneficiary:ationalAgencyforEnergyConservationofTunisia(ANME).

Theprimaryresultoftheprojectwastheenactingofpoliciesconcerningthermalregulationinbuildings,whichcameaboutafteralongexperimentalprocessthatmadeitpossibletodefineclimaticzonesandlabels.Theprojectmadeitpossibletoexperimentwithtoolsandconceptsoverapproximately50pilotprojectswhichvalidatedsimpleandlow-costtechniques.Thetechnicalimprovementsmakeitpossibletoforecastreducingenergyconsumptionby33%,andforsome60,000newhousingunits,tosubstantiallyreducetheamountofgreenhousegasesreleasedintotheatmosphere.Thesestandardsarenowappliedtoallnewbuildings.


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China-EnergyefficiencyprograminsocialhousingconstructionPhase1(1999–2004)/FGEFcontribution:3.3M€-Totalcost:96M€.

Phase2(2004–2009)/FGEFcontribution:2.7M€-Totalcost:297M€-2005.

Chinesepartners:ProvincesofHeilongjiangandLiaonning,CityofBeijing,CityofShanghai,ChineseMinistryofConstruction,promoters.

Frenchpartners:ADEME,MEEDDM,CSTB,Architectesthermiciensfrançais–internationalpartners:WorldBank/GEF.

TheFGEF,withtheassistanceoftheADEMEandteamsofFrenchthermalarchitects,hasbeensupportinganenergyefficiencyprogramforhousinginChinaforthelasttenyears.Initialeffortsfocusedonconstructingninesocialhousingunitsincoldregions.Theprogrammadeitpossibletoshowthatenergygainsof50%werepossibleforacostoverrunlimitedtobetween5and7%.Since2004,actionthemeshavebeenbroadenedtoincluderenovatingexistinghousingunitsandhousinginruralareasincoldregionsaswellasairconditioninginShanghai.Atthesametime,workonstandards,financialinstrumentsandthedisseminationofgoodpracticeshasbeencarriedoutwiththeMinistryofConstruction.


Inafavorablecontext,characterizedbypoorpre-existinginsulationinbuildingsandhighlypollutantenergyproducts: thepre-diffusionoperations made it possible to make direct substantial savings: 250, 000 MWh/year, or avoiding the release of 238, 000 tons of CO

2

equivalent/yearintotheatmosphereandavoidingtheemissionoftheequivalentof9,520,000tonsofCO2anexpectedbuildinglifetimeof

40years.Identicalprograms,slatedtobeappliedtomillionsofsquaremeters,willmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingtheequivalentof23,400,000tonsofCO

2peryear.

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Mexico–aidforconvertingmini-bussestonaturalgasintheFederalDistrictofMexicoFGEFcontribution:1.4M€-Totalcost:5M€-2000-2004.

Partners:FederalDistrict,EDOMEX,FrenchEmbassy.

TheprojectseekstoencouragetheuseofNaturalGasVehicles(NGV)bycollectivetransportationoperatorsinMexicoCity.Sevenhundredandseventysevenbusseshavebeenconvertedsofar,alongwithtwospecializedservicestationsandtheimplementationofanaidandfundingmechanismforthebusowners.TheFGEFsupportedthecreationofthisnewsector.

Vietnam-StudyofanintegratedandsustainablecollectivetransportationprojectforthegreaterHanoiareaFGEFcontribution:2M€.Totalcost:178M€-2005.

Partners:CityofHanoi,InstituteofScienceandTechniquesofEquipmentandEnvironmentfortheEnvironment(ISTED),DGTPE,AFD.

TheFGEFwillexaminethefeasibilityofanintegratedcollectivetransportationsystemcombiningbusandtramwaynetworksinthedowntownareaofHanoi.Separatesystemsforpedestriansandbicyclistswillalsobecreated.

Egypt-AidtoimproveurbantransportationinCairoFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:2.87M€-2009.

Partners:TheGeneralOrganizationforPhysicalPlanning(GOPP),theEgyptianEnvironmentalAffairsAgency—EEAAandtheauthoritiesofthegreaterCairoarea.

Thegoalistodevelopacollective,efficient,integrated,multimodal,hierarchicaltransportationnetworkthatisenvironmentallyfriendly.ItaimsatlimitingtheincreaseofautomobileusebyofferingsustainablecollectivetransportationsolutionsthatareunderpinnedbyEgyptianactors.


IntransportationDevelopingandtransitioncountriesareundergoingstrongurbanization.Thisgrowth,whichisrelatedtoeconomicandsocialdevelopment,leadstonewneedsintermsofmobility.FGEFactionseekstodevelopintegratedandsustainabletransportationthatusescleancarbonfuelwithalowpollutionoutput.

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InindustryIndustryisoftenamajorconsumerofenergy,waterandothermaterials.Inaddition,certainprocessesproduceagreatdealofpollutionandgreenhousegases.TheFGEFsupportsimprovingenergyefficiencyintheseindustries,limitingtheGHGemissionsaswellasotheremissions.

Morocco-ReducingenergyandwaterconsumptionintheSidiBernoussiZentaindustrialzoneofCasablancaFGEFcontribution:0.83M€-Totalcost:1.94M€-2004-2009.

Partners:theAssociationofEconomicOperatorsoftheIndustrialZone(IZDIHAR),WorldBank,GEF.

FGEFactiondealswithimprovingtheenergyefficiencyofapproximately100industrialbusinessesandthedevelopmentofspecializedenergyefficiencyandenvironmentalprotectionservices.

Theprojecthasfourobjectives:

-Economic:improvingthebusiness’andindustries’productivitybyloweringenergycosts.Thegoalistoreduce fuelconsumptionby25%,electricityconsumptionby5%andwaterconsumptionby20%;

-Environmental:reducingtheCO2emissionsproducedbyconsumingenergy;

-Social:supportingplanstoabsorbshantytownsandfindnewhousingfortheirpopulations;

-Governance:buildingtheIzdiharassociation’scapacitiestoleadandpromoteactions,improveinfrastructures, developservicesintheindustrialzoneandsharetheexperienceinMoroccoandotherSouthernMediterranean countries.

Intotal,theprojecthasgenerated6.5M€ininvestmentattheindustrialzonelevel,makingitpossibletosave3.2M€yearintermsofenergyandwater(averagereturnoninvestmentis24months).IntermsofreducingCO

2

output,theinvestmentshavemadeitpossibletoreduceemissionsby16,000tonsperyear.

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MITIGATIONBYSEQUESTRATIONIN“CARBONSINKS”

Preserving natural carbon reservoirs

Developing carbon sinks

ForestsCombatingdeforestation

SoilAgro-ecology,agro-forestry,combatingdesertification

Oceans

Biological capturingPlantingforests

Geological sequestrationInjectingcarbonintosubterraneanreservoirs

PreservingnaturalreservoirsThebiosphereandsoilaremajornaturalcarbonreservoirs.TheFGEFencouragestheirpreservationthroughpromotingsustainablemanagementmethods.

Carbon storage



InforestsTropicalforestsrepresent7%oftheexposedlandmass,andcontainmorethan50%oftheplanet’sbiodiversity.Theyarevictimsofmajordegradationaffectingmorethan7millionhectaresperyear.Tropicalforestecosystemdegradationisattheoriginof20%ofgreenhousegasreleasedbyman.Toresolvethissituation,theinternationalcommunityseekstosetupanewmechanism,whichcomplementstheprojectswhichareeligibleforCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)status,whichwillslowthedegradationoftropicalforestecosystems(REDD).TheFGEFsupportstheimplementationoftheREDDfinancialmechanism,suchasCDM’s,indevelopingcountries.

Africa,LatinAmerica-CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysectorappliedtothecaseofsequestrationFGEFcontribution:2.3M€-Totalcost:7.62M€-2008.

Partners:ENDA,CILSS,UMEOA,OAB,IFIA,COMIFAC,CATIE.

TheobjectiveoftheCDMimplementationprojectintheforestrysectoristosimultaneouslypromotethefightagainstpovertyandthefightagainstclimatechangebyimprovingtheconditionsrequiredforthepresentationandtheapprovalofforestryprojectsintheCDMinAfricancountries.Theprojectwillmakeitpossiblefortheconcernedcountriesandcommunitiestomasterthespecificengineeringofthisnewfinancialtoolandtobenefitfromtheincomerelatedtoemissionsreductioncertificates.

Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€

Total cost

Year

Conservationanddevelopmentsub-tropicalmountainforests(UpperBemejoecologicalcorridor)

Argentina 1 4.24 2004

SustainablemanagementofnaturalresourceswiththeindigenousMapuchecommunities

Chile 1.695 4.5 2003-2009

BiologicalcorridorofthePuraceandCuevalosGuacharosparks

Colombia 1.6 4.74 2002-2009

TheFGEFsupportedthecreationoftheCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditwiththefollowingforestryand/orbiodiversityprojects,whichencourage

carbonsequestration(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):

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Inagro-ecologyThisverybroadtermreferstoadiverseseriesofagriculturaltechniquesandpracticesdevelopedoverthelast30yearsinvariousregionsoftheworld:directplanting,plantingonmulch,preservationtillingandnumerousothervariations,vegetablecoveringsandplantcoverings.Thefinalversionsofthesemethodshavetheeffectofpreservingsoiloverthelongtermandalsorestoringthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalconditionsnecessarytomakeitaveritableagriculturalproductiontool,onewhichisbalancedandwhichcanbeusedoverthelongterm.

“Agro-ecology”thusincludesallplantingtechniquesthatmeetthreemajorcriteria:notworkingthesoil,maintainingpermanentvegetablecoveronthegroundandplantingtheseedsthroughthisvegetablelayer.

AfricaandtheMediterranean/RegionalDevelopmentofagro-ecologyandcarbonstoringinintertropicalandMediterraneanagricultureFGEFcontribution:2.69M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2008.

Themainobjectiveofthisplanistoestablishtransferanddevelopmentmechanismsforagro-ecologicaltechniques.Itshouldmakeitpossibletoachieveadaptationprojectsoftheagro-ecologicaltechniquesinseveralcountriesthatrepresentthevariouscontextsofdevelopingcountries,withacoordinatedapproachbyFrenchpartners(CIRAD,IRD,NGO’s,…)allowingforsynergiesthesharingofexperiences.


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CentralAfrica/Brazil-AidforthesustainablemanagementoftheforestsintheCongoRiverbasinandtheBrazilianAmazonbasin(REDD)FGEFcontribution:1.2M€-Totalcost:3.2M€-2006.

Partners:AFD,WWF,WCSandCI.

Currentnegotiationsaboutthefinancingmechanismofthereductionofemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandforestdegradation(REDD)provideanopportunitytostrengthenthesustainableforestmanagementpoliciesimplementedoverrecentyearsinthecountriesoftheCongoRiverbasinandthusencouragedevelopmentallthewhilemakingasignificantcontributiontothefightagainstclimatechange.

TheprojectintendstomakeacontributiontoforestplanningwithintheframeworkoftheREDDstrategiesinCentralAfricancountries,bydevelopingthefollowingorientations:

-poolingexistingknowledgeintheareasofevaluatingcarbonstocks;

-providingtheelementsnecessarytoassesstheimpactofforestmanagementoncarbonemissions;

-facilitatingexchangesbetweentheAmazonianbasinandAfricaontheseissues;

-providingCentralAfricannegotiatorswiththemeansnecessarytodefendtheirpositionsduringfutureclimate negotiations.

Thedestructionofthetropicalforestisattheoriginof20%ofthegreenhousegasemissionsproducedbyman.Confrontedwiththissituation,theinternationalcommunityhasbeennegotiatingafundingmechanismtoreduceemissionsrelatedtodeforestationandthedegradationofforestecosystems(REDD)since2007,whichistobeintegratedintoafuture“climate”agreementwhichshouldtakeoverfromtheKyotoProtocolin2012.

Intheframeworkofitssupportforthepreservationandthesustainablemanagementofforestecosystems,theFGEFsupportstheimplementationofthenewfinancialinstrumentbyfundingaspecificprogramforthefurtherconsiderationofforestplanningaspastoftheREDDmechanism.ThisprogramiscoordinatedbytheCenterforInternationalForestryResearch(CIFOR)andessentiallydealswiththecountriesofCentralAfricaandtheBrazilianAmazon.


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Adaptingtoreducevulnerability toclimatechangeTheimpactofclimatechangeisverybroad:modifiedrainpatterns,increasinglyfrequentextremeweatherevents,ariseinoceanlevels,freezingcrops,biodiversityvulnerability,…itisnecessarytoanticipatethesekindsofphenomenaandtodevelopstrategiesinordertoadaptthedifferentsectorsconcerned:environment,infrastructure,health,agriculture,energy,tourism.

Africa-Aidfortheimplementationoftheclimatechangewarningsystem(“VigiRisc”)FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:4M€-2008.

Partners:regionalAfricanorganizations,AfricanDevelopmentBank,regionalandglobalmeteorologicalorganizations.

ThegoaloftheprojectistomakeitpossibleforAfricancountriestoadapttotheincreaseinclimatechange.

Thespecificgoalisasfollows:thecapabilitiesoftheAfricancountriesforthepreventionofsocio-economicrisksandimpactrelatedtoclimatechangearestrengthenedthroughwarningproductsandservicesadaptedtodifferentsectors.

Climatechangeisfirstofallportrayedbyincreasedclimaticvariability,anddevelopingwarningandobservationsystemscanmakeitpossibletoallaytheimmediateconcernsofdecisionmakers,andparticipateintheadaptationeffortinthesectorsthatareclimatesensitive.


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IndianOcean-CapacitybuildingintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechangeintheIndianOceanFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.6M€-2009.

Partners:ndianOceanCommission,Frenchandinternationalinstitutionsinvolvedinclimateobservation,RegionofRéunion,ONERC(NationalObservatoryoftheEffectsofClimateChange).

ThenultimategoaloftheregionaladaptationprojectistheestablishmentofregionalcooperationbetweencountriesoftheIOCintheareaofadaptingtoclimatechange.ItsobjectiveistostrengthentheIOC’scapacitiesandthoseofitsMemberStatesintheareaofadaptingovertheshortterm,aswellasdevelopinglongtermprojectsandpolicies.

Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€

Total cost

Year

MappingoftheMaldivesandclimatechange Maldives 1.5 6.3 2009

Aidinadaptingtoclimatechangeintheareasofagricultureandwater

Africa/Regional

1.2 3 2008

AdaptingtoclimatechangeintheQuirimbasNationalPark

Mozambique 0.7 5.2620052009

TheFGEFalsosupportsthefollowingadaptationprojects:(formoreinfogotowww.ffem.fr):


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EasternEuropeandRussiaCapacitybuildingandassistanceintheimplementationofapublic-privatefunddedicatedtoenergyefficiencyFGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:6M€-2007.

Partners:CEENU,FNU,UNEP,GEF,membercountries,MAEE.

Thisprojectispartofthe“EnergyEfficiency21”programsetupbytheCEENU.ItseekstopromoteenergyefficiencyinRussiaandseveralEasternEuropeancountries(Ukraine,Belarus…).Thegoaloftheprojectistoraiseawarenessamongactorsanddecisionmakers,tocreateanetworkofexperts,tostrengthenenergyefficiencypoliciesandtodeveloprenewableenergies.Lastly,itsupportsthecreationofa300M€public-privateinvestmentfundwhichmakesitpossibletoprovideincentivestotheenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergymarketintheregion.

ThroughspecializedenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinvestmentfundsFinancingprojectinvestmentistheweaklinkindevelopingenergyefficiencypolicies.Themaininnovationoverrecentyearsintermsofencouraginginvestmentintheseareashasbeenthepublic-privateinvestmentfundspecializedinmakingdirectactionpossibletoprojectswithconsiderablescope,orhelpingenergyservicecompaniesthatundertakehigh-performanceprojectsundertheirownvolition(co-generation,rationalenergyuseprojects,renewableenergydevelopmentprojects).

Mobilizingandstructuringspecializedfinancingforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergies


TheinvestmentsfinancedbytheAFDcreditlinewillmakeitpossibletoavoidreleasingfourmilliontonsofCO

2intotheatmosphereorthedurationoftheprojects.

China-AidforafinancingprogramforenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinChinaFGEFcontribution:0.6M€-Totalcost:61.2M€-2008.

Partner:CapEnergies.

Attheendof2007,threeChinesebanks(HuaxiaBank,ShanghaiPudongDevelopmentBankandChinaMerchantsBank)eachsetup20M€worthofbankcreditlinestofinanceenergyefficiencyprojectsandtoshowthevalueofrenewableenergyfortheprivatesectorwiththehelpofAFD.

ThisgroundbreakingoperationseekstoinvolveChinesefinancialinstitutionsintheefforttoadaptthecountry’scompaniestotheimperativesofcontrollingenergyexpendituresandclimatechange.Tohelptheselinesofcredit,centralizedtechnicalassistancewasfinancedbytheFGEF.Thesewerelongtermcapacitiesintheareaofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergywithineachbank,andprovidingthenecessarytoolsandmethodologies,allthewhileensuringconsistencyandsynergies.

Throughcreditlines/guaranteesDevelopingenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergyinbothNorthernandSoutherncountriesrequiresadaptedfinancialtools,especiallydedicatedlinesofcredit.

Inordertobeefficient,thesecreditlinesmustbeaccompaniedby,amongotherthings,longtermanalysistoolsandcapabilitieswithinbanksaswellasadaptedlawsandregulations.Since2007,theFGEFhasbeendevelopingaseriesofassistanceprojectstobolstertheselinesofcredit.

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CentralAfrica-Showingthevalueofusingwoodwastefromsawmillsinforestrycompanyco-generationplantsFGEFcontribution:1M€-Totalcost:3.1M€-2009.

Partner:ATIBT.

Theprojectprovidestechnicalassistanceinsettingupbiomassco-generationplantsforsome20forestrycompaniesintheCongobasin.

Inadditiontocontributingtothefightagainstthegreenhouseeffect,theprojectwillexplorethepossibilityofprovidingelectricitytoimpoverished,isolatedruralpopulations.

Moreover,theprojectwillprovidethecompanieswithenergyindependenceandthusmakeitpossibleforthemtostrengthenheirstructuringroleinthenationaleconomy.

AidinthedevelopmentoftheCDMinAfrica:“AfricaAssist”FGEFcontribution:2M€-Totalcost:13.9M€-2006.

Partners:WorldBank,AFD,others.

TheFGEFcontributestothefinancingofacapacitybuildingprogramwithaviewtopreparingCDMprojectsinAfrica,inpartnershipwiththeWorldBankandAFD.Thisprogramseekstodeveloplearningcapacities(trainingexperts,identifyingandsupportingprojects,developingactors’networks).Inaddition,thegoaloftheprogramistoachievesome40standard-settingCDMprojects,thusprovidingforthestart-upofthismechanisminAfrica.

Asia-CDMinfourprovincesinthewestofChinaFGEFcontribution:0.75M€.Totalcost:1.5M€-2008.

TheprojecttargetedthereductionofgreenhousegasemissionsbyusingtheKyotoprotocolmechanismsallthewhilecontributingtothesustainabledevelopmentoffourChineseprovinces(Guizhou,Guangxi,SichuanandYunnan).ThismadeitpossibletosetupCDMcentersinfourprovincesoftheWestandtodevelopanassociatedportfolioofmorethan200CDMprojects,nineofwhicharebeingexaminedbytheExecutiveBoardoftheKyotoProtocol.ThisprojectfurtherfacilitatedtheimplementationofpartnershipswithdifferentexpertsandFrenchbusinesses:Sogreah,BureauVerita,EDF.

BymobilizingtheKyotoProtocol“flexibilitymechanisms”infinancing mitigation


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Draftingguideson“flexibilitymechanisms”InordertomeettherisingdemandsofourNorthernandSouthernpartnerstobetterunderstandandimplementationoftheKyotoProtocolmechanismsconcerningthecarbonmarket,theMEIE,MEEDDMandFGEFpooledtheirexperiencesin2008inordertodraftaninstructionaldocumenttitled“CarryingOutaCDMorJIprojectForReducingGreenHouseGasEmissions:WhatOpportunities?HowtoAct?”

Thisisthe3rdeditionoftheFrenchCDMandJIguidetargetingthepublicatlarge,developmentactorsorordinarycitizenslookingtoupdatetheirknowledgeonthecrucialand,atfirstglance,complexsubjectoffinancingclimatechange.

Project title Country FGEF subsidy in M€ Total cost Year

ChillerreplacementprojectinAfrica(AFROC)–FMPMFrenchbilateralfunding:0.44MEuros

Africa 0.75 5.3(includingFMPM:2.4M€,private:2.2M€)

2007

CleanDevelopmentMechanismintheforestrysector Africa 2.3 7.62 2008

SupportfortheCDMdevelopmentinAfrica:“AfricaAssist” Africa 2 13.9 2006

Showingthevalueofwoodwastefromsawmillsforuseinforestcompanyco-generationplants

CentralAfrica 1 3.1 2009

CDMinfourwesternprovincesinChina Asia 0.75 1.5 2008

“RuralCarbon”andcapacitybuildingprojectintheprovincesofYunnanandSichuan

China 1 2.5Projectidentified

in2009

ConstructionofanenergysavingtreatmentstationinFes Morocco 0.9 65.8 2008

TheFGEFcontributestotheemergenceofCDMandvoluntarycarboncreditsthroughthefollowingprojects(formoreinfo,gotowww.ffem.fr):


For further information, please contact:

Abroad •FrenchEmbassy

•CulturalActionandCooperationService

•EconomicExpansionOffice

•TheAFD’snetworkofagencies (inmorethan60countries)

InFranceFGEFpublicpartnerinstitutions

•MinistryoftheEconomy,IndustryandEmploymentDGTPE139, rue de Bercy – 75572 Paris Cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 44 87 73 58 www.economie.gouv.fr

•MinistryofForeignandEuropeanAffairs27, rue de la Convention – CS 91533 – 75732 Paris cedex 15Tel : + 33 (0) 1 43 17 90 00 www.diplomatie.gouv.fr

•MinistryofEcology,Energy,SustainableDevelopmentandSeaDAEISous-direction du Changement Climatique et du Développement DurableTour Pascal A92055 La Défense cedexTel : + 33 (0) 1 40 81 76 72 www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr

•MinistryofHighereducationandResearchDREIC1, rue Descartes – 75231 Paris cedex 05Tel : + 33 (0) 1 55 55 84 54 www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr

•AgenceFrançaisedeDéveloppement(AFD)5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel: + 33 (0) 1 53 44 31 31 www.afd.fr

•TheFGEFSecretariatAFD/STR5, rue Roland Barthes – 75598 Paris cedex 12Tel : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 42 42 – Fax : + 33 (0) 1 53 44 32 48www.ffem.frContact : [email protected]

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Documents

Financing climate change action