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Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America MARCO KAMIYA Vice Presidency of Public Policy and Development Strategies Division of Public Policy and Competitiveness New Orleans, September 10 11, 2012

Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

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Page 1: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America

MARCO KAMIYA

Vice Presidency of Public Policy and Development Strategies

Division of Public Policy and Competitiveness

New Orleans, September 10 ‐ 11, 2012

Page 2: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Four Decades of Presence in LAC

2011Letters of Intent:

Guatemala and Italia18 countries

14 commercial banks

1970BoliviaColombiaEcuadorPeru Venezuela

1990-2010

Mexico (1990)Brazil (1992)Chile (1992)Trinidad & Tobago (1994)Panama (1997)Paraguay (1997)Jamaica (1997)Argentina (2001)Uruguay (2001)Costa Rica (2002)Spain (2002)Dominican Republic (2004)Portugal (2009)

Page 3: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Finance and SMEs in Latin America

Page 4: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

• Many very small micro‐enterprises. 

• One family firms driven “by necessity”.

• SMEs don’t grow as it should and have low productivity.

• Low availability of financing for start‐up and firm expansion.

• …and, despite the emergence of ‘Multilatinas’ still few global corporations in most of the countries, so lack of ‘anchor’ firms prevent expansion. 

SMEs, New Firms and Financing in LAC

Page 5: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Availability of Cap

ital

R&D Start, Sustainability, ExpansionOperation and Consolidation

Angel Investors

Seed Capital

Initial VC

VC for Expansion

Last Stage of Private Equity

Cycle of Financing in LAC: Many Obstacles

Cash Flow ‐

/   Cash Flow

  +

Financial Valley of Death

WeakInnovationSystems

Insufficient Deal flow

Stock Markets, small and with few 

instruments 

Page 6: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Stock Markets in LAC are Growing…

Source: World Bank and Bank for International Settlements

Page 7: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

…but LAC Financial Markets lag Behind

Source:  Prepared  by  CAF  with  World  Bank  data.  LAC:  Argentina,  Brazil,  Chile,  Colombia,  México,  Peru  and  Venezuela. Emerging Asia includes: China, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand

Page 8: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

…and Financial Development is lower than expected

Source:  Prepared with World Bank data. 

Latin America

Emerging Asia

Page 9: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Entrepreneurship and Nascent Firms

Source: OECD , CAF 2011

Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia

9

LAC East Asia

Start First Years Start First Years

Percent of the Entrepreneurs funded by Private Investors 8,9 % 6,8 % 27,1 % 28,8 %

Perfect of the Entrepreneurs funded by Venture Capital 2,8 % 1,7 % 8,9 % 15,0 %

Page 10: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Venture Capital in LAC: The ‘Critical Mass’ Trap

…and number of deals too small

Investment Deals in 2011, 173. But in some countries were less than 10.

Source: Ernst & Young, LAVCA

Investment amount low…

VC funds committed in LAC in 2011: US$6.5 billion, so PE/VC size in LAC is 5% of total in the World

Total VC Funds Committed in LAC (2011)

Page 11: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Returns of Venture Capital Funds in the US

Source: Lerner (2009)Note: VC Funds Return  as of March 2008

High Growth SMEs: Very Few Winners

Page 12: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Ecosystem, Institutions and Programs

Page 13: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Sil Val Israel Sing Bra Chi Mex Colo

Innovation Patents

Universities

Overseas networks

Entrepreneurship Teaching techniques

Training for Business plans, etc.

Tech Transfer Centers

Financing Angel Investors/Seed

Venture Capital

Equity Investment

Enterprise Development Ecosystems

Developed Underdeveloped Incipient

Source: CAF 2012

Page 14: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Business Centers

Export Promotion Productive Development Finance

SECOM –Trade 

Promotion Offices

Chambers of 

Commerce

International

National

Local

BNDES

BNDES Local Offices

SEBRAE

Oficinas Locales de 

SEBRAEPublic

Private

Public‐Private

Confede‐ración de Industrias

Conf. Industrias Locales

FINEP

Oficinas Locales de FINEP

APEX

International

Multilateral 

Investment Banks

Min. De Industria 

y Comercio Exterior

Min. De Relacione

s Exteriores

Agency for Industrial Develop‐ment

Estados /Municipio

Example: Institutional Ecosystem in Brazil

Source: CAF 2012

Page 15: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

R&D Start‐Up, Sustainability, Expansion Consolidation

Example: Instruments and Programs in Brazil

Exit to MarketVenture Capital Initial

SeedCapital

Research and Development

Angel Networks

InstrumentsFINEP

Non‐reimbursable 

funds

Innovar Seed

Innovar Juro Zero

Innova Brasil

InstrumentsSEBRAE

InstrumentsBNDES

FUNTEC

CRIATEC

Prosoft Comercializao / Prosoft Empresa

FINAMEPROFARMA CARTAO BNDES

FINEM Revitaliza

PROIMPE

PRIME

Negocio Certo Entrepreneurs fairs

Venture Capital 

Expansion

Source: CAF 2012

Page 16: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Instruments and Programs to Expand SMEs’ Financial Access in 

Latin America

Page 17: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

National Development Banks in LAC *

Public Credit to SMEs

Number of  % Assets (US$) %

First‐tier banks 66 65.3 376,365 43.5

Second‐tier banks

23 22.8 237,762 27.5

Banks of 1st and 2nd tier

12 11.9 251,043 29.9

TOTAL 101 100.0 865,169 100.0

Source: ALIDE data as of 2009 (Latin America Association of Financial Development Institutions)

(*) i.e. Chile‐CORFO; Brazil‐BNDES and FINEP; México‐NAFINSA; Colombia‐BANCOLDEX; Peru‐COFIDE; etc.

Page 18: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Financial Development withCluster / Value Chain

CAF, IADB, World Bank, Governments

o Cluster Development Operations

Manaos, Ceará, Dominica Republic, etc.

o City Development (Cities with Future)

Comprehensive Approach ‐ CAF

o Regional Innovation Systems

In Santa Catarina‐Brazil, San Juan‐Argentina, Costa Rica

o Value Chain and Finance

Provinces in LAC countries

Page 19: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Successful Instruments and Programs for Financial Access

Source: Prepared by CAF with data from CAF, ALIDE, World Bank

Country Name

Guarantees ChileColombiaMexico

Banco Estado ‐ FOGAPEBANCOLDEX ‐ Fondo Nac. Garantías (FNG)NAFIN Garantías Públicas

Credit Bureau Several countries

i.e. Chile, Peru

Factoring Mexico NAFIN Reverse FactoringNAFIN Cadenas Productivas

Seed Capital Several countries

Brazil ‐FINEP Inova, Chile‐Sercotec, Uruguay‐Red Emprender, Costa Rica, etc.

Outsourcing of Banking services

BrazilMexico

Caixa, Banco do BrasilBANSEFI ‐ Banco de Ahorro Nac. y Serv. Financ.

Page 20: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

CAF’s Role in SMEs’ Finance and Support of New Firms

Page 21: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

CAF: Higher Credit Ratings than the Owners

Standard & Poor's Fitch Ratings Moody’s

Investment Grade

AAAAA+ 

ChileAA      AA‐A+ Chile ChileAA‐BBB+

Mexico, Peru, BrazilColombia, Uruguay

Brazil, México, PeruColombia

MexicoBrazil, PeruColombia, Uruguay

BBBBBB‐

Non‐investment 

grade

BB+

Venezuela

UruguayBBBB‐B+ Bolivia, Paraguay

ArgentinaEcuador

Bolivia, Venezuela

Argentina, Ecuador

Bolivia, ParaguayEcuador, VenezuelaArgentina

BB‐CCC+CCCCCC‐

Source:  As of August 2012

Page 22: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

CAF Investing in Microfinance Funds

Regional Funds: 

(i) LOC Fund 

(ii) Solidus Investment Fund

(iii) Microfinance Growth Fund

(iv) Próspero Microfinanzas Fund

Bolivia•BancoSol (2 operac.)•Banco Los Andes ProCredit•Banco FIE (2 operac.)•FFP Prodem•FFP Fassil•Eco Futuro (2 operac.)•Cooper. Jesús Nazareno•ONG Crecer

Paraguay•Banco Regional•Visión Banco S.A•Banco Amambay

Uruguay•Microfinanzas del Uruguay S.A.

Peru•MiBanco•CMAC Arequipa•CMAC Tacna•Financiera Crear Arequipa•Edpyme Nueva Visión•Edpyme Confianza•Edpyme Edyficar•Caja Nuestra Gente

Argentina•FIE Gran Poder

Mexico•Banco Compartamos

Panama•Microserfin•Banco Delta

Colombia•Banco WWB Colombia (Cali)•2 Fundaciones del WWB• (Bucaramanga y Popayán)

Ecuador•Banco Procredit

Page 23: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

ParaguayVisión Banco S.A.

PanamaTrust (FCS)

BoliviaFondo Fortaleza PYMEFondo Emprender

BrazilFondo Burril Brasil, FMIEECRP VI Venture Fundo Mutuo

VenezuelaDynamic Equity Venture Fund

Trinidad y TobagoDynamic Equity Venture Fund

Dominican RepublicTrust Capital Semilla

ArgentinaCap VenturesFOGABAFondo PymarCGM Leasing

ColombiaFondo Escala Capital FCPColombia Opportunity FundFondo Nacional de Garantías 

Costa RicaBanco ImprosaFinanciera Desyfin

MexicoFondo PronafimIgnia Fund Latin Idea Fund IINew Growth Fund I

CAF investing in Seed Capital, PE/VC

Regional Funds: 

(i) Aureos Latin America Fund 

(ii) Cleantech Fund

(iii) CASEIF Corporation II

SpainFondo Axon

Product:

Venture Capital

Guarantees

Value Chains PeruFOGAPI

EcuadorFideicomiso Inver. Agrop.Fondo País Ecuador

UruguayUruguay IVC PartnersFondo Emprender

Page 24: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

BOLIVIABolivia Cost IndexCluster DevelopmentDevelopment AgencyCity Development

VENEZUELANetwork “Venezuela SíCompite”

Incubators and UniversitiesSupport to Start‐Ups (SACEV)

COSTA RICASupport to Public administration efficiency and Public reform

PANAMAPanama Competitiveness Program

Innovation studies, entrepreneurship

ARGENTINAEntrepreneurshipCluster DevelopmentTourism Development

COLOMBIA:Support to Competitiveness Strategies

Cluster Development

ECUADOR:Business Registration ProgramValue Chain in rural zonesSupport to Entrepreneurship

PERU:Corporate governance in Public firmsYoung Entrepreneurs program Local Productive DevelopmentRegional supply chain SME networks

Supporting Productive Transformation

CAF Technical Cooperation to 

SMEs

Page 25: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

Conclusion: The Road Ahead

• Many obstacles to SMEs and new firms in the cycle of financing. So firms don’t grow and new ventures are lower than they should be.

• So, public policy have two tasks:

– In 5 to 10 years, keep building the ecosystem with better public capacity

– In the short term, think in terms of ‘efficient and flexible’instruments and programs.

• In alliance with the private sector, combine provision of financial access with technical cooperation to SMEs.

• And finally, engage multilateral financial institutions (i.e. CAF) in policy design and facilitation.

Page 26: Financing Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin … Challenges of SMEs and New Firms in Latin America ... Private Finance for New Ventures in Latin America and East of Asia 9

MARCO KAMIYA

Vice Presidency of Public Policy and Development Strategies

Division of Public Policy and Competitiveness

New Orleans, Thanks!