Final Why Abortion Should Be Legal

8/10/2019 Final Why Abortion Should Be Legal.........

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Should abortion belegal?


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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Tahsin Wara KhaondakarLecturer Department of Business administrationEast West University

Subject: Letter of Trans itta!

Dear Madam,It is our great pleasure to submit our report to you. We are assigned to prepare a report topicentitled shou!d abortion be !e"a!# T is !or" as given us t e opportunity to apply all our t eoretical "no!ledge !it practical e#perience. In t is report, !e are trying to s o! eit er abortion s ould be legal or not.

We tried our level best to s o! our s"ill, ! ic is ac ieved by one !ee" group !or". Incompleting t e report, our concern !as to impart every available details of t e study areaavoiding unnecessary amplification of t e report. We ope t at t is report !ill meet t e standardsof your $udgments. %inally, !e !ould li"e to assure t at !e remain standby for any clarification,e#planation as and ! en re&uired.

T an" you in advance for your "ind cooperation in t is regard.

'incerely (ours,

Md. )amilur *a im + - / / -/ 01Md. )amilur *a im + - / / -/ 01

Md 'a inur Islam + --2/1/ -/1 1Md 'a inur Islam + --2/1/ -/1 1

Md 3pel Ma mood + - / / -/142Md 3pel Ma mood + - / / -/142


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Ackno$!ed"e ent

It gives us immense pleasure to t an" a number of individuals for t eir cordial cooperation andencouragement ! o ave contributed directly or indirectly in preparing t is term paper.

We e#press our eartfelt t an"s to Tahsin Wara Khondakar from ! om !e ave receivedinstructions and advice for ma"ing t is report. 'econdly, !e t an" Mr. )amilur *a im, ! o as!ide "no!ledge in t is sector. T ey could relate t eir educational bac"ground !it t e topic of researc and gave us ideas of different related issues.

We pay regards to t e respected people for t eir "indest co/operation to prepare t e report.


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E5E6UTI7E 'UMM3*(

8ersistent gender discrimination and ine&uality are at t e root of !omen9s and girls9 inability toe#ercise t eir uman rig ts. Every year, t ousands of !omen and girls are denied t eir rig ts and

c oices total ban on abortion and its criminali:ation. Women and girls ! o are carrying anun!anted pregnancy are confronted !it t!o options+ commit a crime by terminating t e

pregnancy, or continue !it t e un!anted pregnancy. Bot options ave life/long and potentiallydevastating implications. T e number of girls and young !omen facing t is c oice ise#acerbated by t e failure to provide compre ensive se#uality education and &uality, moderncontraception. T ese restrictions are serious violations of t e uman rig ts of !omen and girlsand must be dealt !it as a matter of urgency. ;overnment is ultimately responsible for t edeat s of !omen and girls denied an abortion and for t ousands of ot ers ! ose uman rig ts

ave been violated as a result of t e country9s total abortion ban. T is e#ecutive summaryoutlines t e barriers faced by !omen and girls in e#ercising t eir rig ts, particularly t ose

barriers t at obstruct t e reali:ation of t eir se#ual and reproductive rig ts. It includes testimony

from ealt e#perts, !omen9s rig ts defenders and t e !omen t emselves. T is e#ecutivesummary accompanies t e report of t e same name, ! ic provides furt er detail, testimony andanalysis of t ese issues.


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%ebate: Abortion

&ack"round and conte't:

T e issue of abortion is one of t e most contentious, and emotive dilemmas faced by modernsocieties. T e &uestion is ! et er one s ould allo! t e termination of a pregnancy. %or some,t e &uestion is even more fundamental+ at ! at stage is t e embryo or fetus in t e uterus to beregarded as a c ild< 3t fertili:ation< 3t birt < =r, maybe some! ere bet!een. T e battle/linesare dra!n bet!een strict, religious >?pro/life9@ arguments >t at it is never permissible@, and t ose>?pro/c oice9@ t at emp asi:e t e !oman9s rig t to c oose as t e primary concern. W ileabortion as been legal in 3merica since t e land/mar" *oe vs. Wade case in t e early 20-s,t is is by no means a reflection of universal agreement A eit er international or !it in 3mericaitself A as many Western countries still ave considerable restrictions on abortion. %or e#ample,t e Iris position as softened only recently, and t e 6at olic 6 urc steadfastly refuses toc ange its resolutely pro/life stance in t e face of criticism from Women9s and ot er lobby/groups.

T e abortion debate revolves around a number of &uestions. Does a !oman ave a rig t to er body t at t e fetus cannot ta"e a!ay< Does t is rig t mean t at a !oman as a rig t to unplugfrom t e fetus< =r, does t e fetus ave a rig t to life t at is binding on t e !oman and er bodyand t at out!eig s any rig ts eld by t e !oman, re&uiring er to give birt < Is a fetus only afetus or is it a person t at deserves rig ts and protections< Does uman life begin at conceptionor at birt < Is destroying a fetus a"in to "illing a uman or murderlife and deat @ on merely! et er a baby is !anted< 3re t e social problems t at !ill confront a baby irrelevant or
http://www.debatepedia.com/en/index.php/Image:Fetus.jpg


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inappropriate to consider< 6an s ould t ey be addressed by ot er means t an abortion< T eseand ot er &uestions frame t e complicated abortion debate, ! ic continues to be ig lycontentious, !it massive support on bot sides internationally.

Wh( abortion shou!d be !e"a!:

. 3bortion is about allo!ing !oman t e rig t to ma"e c oices about ! en t ey !ant to avec ildren in relation to t eir age, financial stability F relations ip stability. It is t e not t e placeof government to legislate against !omanCs c oices.

. *aising a c ild is not an easy tas" F re&uires social F emotional commitment coupled !itfinancial resources. 3s suc if a person feels t ey are not ready for a c ild, it means t e

pregnancy is un!anted F resultant allo!ing a fetus to gro! into a c ild is !orse t an abortionsince t e resultant c ild !ill gro! in a non conducive F destructive environment !it out t elove, care F stability t at a c ild needs. .

1. T e argument against abortion is a moral argument ! ic is sub$ect to personal interpretationso s ould not be legislated against. T ose see it morally allo!able to do abortion s ould be

provided !it t e means to do so F t ose ! o donCt believe in abortion s ould ave t e c oicenot to ave an abortionG.

4. 3 fetus is not legally or scientifically a person or uman being so abortion cannot be e&uatedto murder or ta"ing a life since t e fetus is not a person nor alive.

H. 3 fetus is li"e a brain dead person !it no self a!areness or consciousness so it is actually

dead.

. 8ro ibiting abortions doesnCt stop abortions, !omen !ould simply see" abortions via illegalmeans ! ic are unsafe F illegal, so it is better to provide !oman !it safe F legal !ays to doan abortion.

0. 3bortion prevents un!anted F unplanned pregnancies ! ic prevent c ild neglect since t emot er does not !ant to ave c ildren at t at moment in time.

J. Ma"ing abortion illegal is also a class struggle since t e ric can al!ays go to ot er places

! ere it is legal F ave an abortion ! ilst t e poor cannot do t is, but ave to resort to unsafeabortions ! ic can lead to t eir deat .

2. Ma"ing abortion illegal is more or less compulsory pregnancy ! ic contradicts t e &uest Ffig t for freedom.


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-. Ma"ing abortion illegal !ill increase teenage pregnancy >c ildren aving c ildren@. T isusually leads to illegal abortions ! ic can lead to deat or permanent ealt defects, poverty,

$oblessness, opelessness, and dependency.

. 3 !omanCs rig t to c oose abortion is a Kfundamental rig t

. 8erson ood begins at birt , not at conception. 3bortion is t e termination of a pregnancy>fetus@, not a baby. 8erson ood at conception is not a proven biological fact.

1. %etuses are incapable of feeling pain ! en an abortion is performed.

4. 3ccess to legal, professionally/performed abortions reduces in$ury and deat caused byunsafe, illegal abortions. G. T e antiabortion position is usually based on religious beliefs andt reatens t e vital separation of c urc and state. *eligious ideology s ould not be a foundationfor la!.

H. Modern abortion procedures are safe. 3bortion gives couples t e option to c oose not to

bring babies !it severe and life t reatening medical conditions to full term.

. Many !omen ! o c oose abortion donCt ave t e financial resources to support a c ild.

0. Mot er ood must never be a punis ment for aving se#ual intercourse.

J. 3 baby s ould not come into t e !orld un!anted. GH of all pregnancies among 3merican!omen is unintended. 'aving a c ild is an important lifelong decision t at re&uiresconsideration, preparation, and planning.

2. 3bortion reduces crime. Teenage girls, unmarried !omen, and poor !omen are more li"elyto ave unintended pregnancies, and since un!anted babies are often raised in poverty, t eir c ances of leading criminal lives in adult ood are increased.

-. 'o !e ave t e rig t to force t e mot er to "eep t e baby solely because s e consented to participate in t ese se#ual activities, !e ave t e rig t to ta"e a!ay anot er9s rig t as !econtinue to fig t for ot er rig ts ! y do !e ta"e a!ay t e rig ts of a !oman because s e as t e potential to ave a baby . We get rig t to life, liberty F pursuit of appiness ! en !e are born.

AR)*MENT +

T e individual !oman9s rig t to c oose ! et er s e !ants to bear a c ild. 8eople are not merelya means to an end, but ends in t emselves. 3 !oman treated as an incubator of a fetus by t e la!is merely a means to an end and is t erefore not being regarded as a person. 3 !oman is a

person, ! ile an embryo is not a person. T e !oman9s rig t, as a person, to be treated as an end


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in er, accords er t e rig t to c oose ! et er s e !ill accept a pregnancy or not. T e la! needsto reflect t is rig t.

AR)*MENT ,

W en debating against t e 6 ristians on abortion, oist t em on t eir o!n petard.

aving a soul is important to t e 6 ristians because it is t e soul t at transmigrates to eavenand Keternal life . %urt ermore, t e reason ! y !e can "ill, eat and e#periment on animals >and

previously communists@ is because t ey lac" souls.

%at ers of t e 6 ristian religion, 't. 3ugustine >d.41-@ and 't. T omas 3&uinas >d. 0-@,follo!ing 3ristotle, decreed t at t e fetus ac&uired a soul after 4- days for males and after 2-days for females.

T is e#ample, from a 6 ristian source, ig lig ts a p ilosop ical problem t e logicalimpossibility of precisely dra!ing t e line in ! at is called t e Kbald/ airy distinction problem.W en is a beard not a beard A after H or 1- days< It is impossible to precisely dra! t e line

bet!een nig t and day, alt oug !e can tell t e difference bet!een nig t and day. To preciselydra! t e line as to ! en t e fetus gets a soul is impossible in t is continuous gro!t period.

3not er problem for t e religious is t at science does not support t e e#istence of an immortal,indestructible, indivisible soul. T ere is no evidence for t e e#istence of any supernatural realms,and psyc ology and neurology s o! t at brain damage and brain deat correspond !it loss of function, personality and a!areness. T e evidence of science s ould be ta"en as factual rat er

t an t e unfounded assertions of religion.

AR)*MENT -

>a@ T e latest criterion for deat , say before allo!ing an organ transplant, is for t eelectroencep alogram to be flat, indicating an absence of mental activity, even t oug t e eartmay still be beating. >3 person in a deep coma still as a non/flat E.E.;.@

>b@ 3 necessary condition for a living organism to become a uman being is for mental activity! ic is associated !it t oug t and mind.

>c@ T e early fetus as no central nervous system brain, ence no mental activity.

>d@ T e central nervous system of t e fetus develops after t e 4t >or even t e Ht @ mont .


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It is difficult to determine precisely ! en mental activity begins in t e fetus and even moredifficult to establis t e point ! en it becomes an autonomous, t in"ing, feeling, emotional, self/conscious person.

>e@ T e medical profession applies t e same criterion >absence of mental activity@ for t edefinition of life at bot ends of t e spectrum.

>f@ T e early embryo is a potential uman being, not an actual one. T ings may be done to it! ic may not be done to an actual uman being. We are all going to die, and t ings !ill be doneto us t en, not permitted ! en actually living no!.

AR)*MENT .

Up to 4 days after fertili:ation t e early embryo >called a :ygote@ can divide into t!o separateidentical genetic t!ins to produce identical genetic t!in babies 2 mont s later. 3t 4 days a

primitive strea", or ridge of cells, develops on t e disc of t e embryo and t en generally identicalt!ins can no longer occur.

But, no! and t en, more t an one primitive strea" may be formed, giving rise to identical t!ins,or, fortunately far less often, 'iamese t!ins. 3 !ee" later t e strea" is replaced by t e neural tubeand plate, a primitive spine.


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Wh( abortion shou!d not be !e"a!#

T e debate over ! et er or not abortion s ould be a legal option continues to divide 3mericanslong after t e U' 'upreme 6ourt9s 0/ decision on Roe v. Wade declared t e procedure a

fundamental rig t on )an. , 201.

8roponents, identifying t emselves as pro/c oice, contend t at c oosing abortion is a rig t t ats ould not be limited by governmental or religious aut ority, and ! ic out!eig s any rig tclaimed for an embryo or fetus. T ey say t at pregnant !omen !ill resort to unsafe illegal

abortions if t ere is no legal option.

=pponents, identifying t emselves as pro/life, contend t at person ood begins at conception, andt erefore abortion is t e immoral "illing of an innocent uman being. T ey say abortion inflictssuffering on t e unborn c ild, and t at it is unfair to allo! abortion ! en couples ! o cannot

biologically conceive are !aiting to adopt.

7ariations e#ist in arguments on bot sides of t e debate. 'ome pro/c oice proponents believeabortion s ould only be used as a last resort, ! ile ot ers advocate unrestricted access toabortion services under any circumstance. 8ro/life positions range from opposing abortion under

any circumstance to accepting it for situations of rape, incest, or ! en a !omanCs life is at ris".

Abortion is urder:

T e "illing of an innocent uman being is !rong, even if t at uman being as yet to be born.Unborn babies are considered uman beings by t e U' government. T e federal Unborn 7ictimsof 7iolence 3ct, ! ic !as enacted to protect unborn c ildren from assault and murder, statest at under federal la!, anybody intentionally "illing or attempting to "ill an unborn c ild s ould

be punis ed... for intentionally "illing or attempting to "ill a uman being. T e act also statest at an unborn c ild is a member of t e species omo sapiens. 3t least 1J states ave passed

similar fetal omicide la!s.Life be"ins at conce/tion0 so unborn babies are hu an bein"s $ith a ri"ht to !ife:

Upon fertili:ation, a uman individual is created !it a uni&ue genetic identity t at remainsunc anged t roug out is or er life. T is individual as a fundamental rig t to life, ! ic must

be protected. )erome Legume, t e %renc geneticist ! o discovered t e c romosomeabnormality t at causes Do!n syndrome, stated t at To accept t e fact t at after fertili:ation as


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ta"en place a ne! uman as come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion... T euman nature of t e uman being from conception to old age is not a metap ysical contention, it

is plain e#perimental evidence.

Fetuses fee! /ain durin" the abortion /rocedure:

Maureen 6ondic, 8 D, 3ssociate 8rofessor of Neurobiology and 3natomy and 3d$unct3ssociate 8rofessor of 8ediatrics at t e University =f Uta 'c ool =f Medicine, e#plains t att e most primitive response to pain, t e spinal refle#, is developed by eig t !ee"s gestation,and adds t at T ere is universal agreement t at pain is detected by t e fetus in t e firsttrimester. 3ccording to Oan!al$eet ). '. 3nand, MBB', D8 il, 8rofessor of 8ediatrics,3nest esiology and Neurobiology at t e University Tennessee ealt 'cience 6enter, If t efetus is beyond - !ee"s of gestation, I !ould assume t at t ere !ill be pain caused to t e fetus.3nd I believe it !ill be severe and e#cruciating pain. Bernard N. Nat anson, MD, t e lateabortion doctor ! o renounced is earlier !or" and became a pro/life activist, stated t at ! enan abortion is performed on a /!ee"/old fetus, We see Pin an ultrasound imageQ t e c ild9smout open in a silent scream... T is is t e silent scream of a c ild t reatened imminently !ite#tinction.

Abortion is the ki!!in" of a hu an bein"0 $hich defies the $ord of )od:

T e Bible does not dra! a distinction bet!een fetuses and babies+ t e ;ree" !ord brephos isused in t e Bible to refer to bot an unborn c ild and an infant. By t e time a baby is conceived,

e or s e is recogni:ed by ;od, as demonstrated in )eremia +H+ Before I formed t ee in t e belly I "ne! t ee and before t ou camest fort out of t e !omb I sanctified t ee... T e 'i#t6ommandment of t e Bible Cs =ld Testament, T ou s alt not "ill >E#odus -+ 1@, applies to all

uman beings, including unborn babies. In t e indu religion, t e oly te#t KaushitakiUpanishad states t at abortion is an e&uivalent misdeed to "illing one9s o!n parents. T e BB6states t at Traditional Budd ism re$ects abortion because it involves t e deliberate destroying of a life.

The decision in Roe v. Wade $as $ron" and shou!d be o1erturned:

U' 'upreme 6ourt )ustice 3ntonin 'calia stated t at t e rig t to privacy defended in Roe v.Wade is utterly idiotic and s ould not be considered binding precedent+ T ere is no rig t to

privacy Pin t e U' 6onstitutionQ. In is dissenting opinion in Roe v. Wade , )ustice William .*e n&uist stated t at an abortion is not CprivateC in t e ordinary usage of t at !ord. Nor is t eCprivacyC t at t e 6ourt finds ere even a distant relative of t e freedom from searc es andsei:ures protected by t e %ourt 3mendment to t e 6onstitution... %urt ermore, t e 4t3mendment bars states from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property, !it out due


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process of la!. T e 'upreme 6ourt overreac ed in Roe v. Wade ! en it e#cluded unbornc ildren from t e class of persons.

Abortions cause /s(cho!o"ica! da a"e:

3 --J peer/revie!ed study publis ed in t e Scandinavian Journal of Public Health found t at(oung adult !omen ! o undergo... abortion may be at increased ris" for subse&uent

depression. 3 peer/revie!ed --H study publis ed in BMC Medicine found t at !omen ! ounder!ent an abortion ad significantly ig er an#iety scores on t e ospital 3n#iety andDepression 'cale up to five years after t e pregnancy termination. 3 -- peer/revie!ed study

publis ed by t e Southern Medical Journal of more t an 01,--- 3merican !omen found t at

!omen ! o aborted !ere H4G more li"ely to commit suicide t an !omen ! o carried to term.3 22 study publis ed in t e British Medical Journal reported t at t e mean annual suicide rateamongst !omen ! o ad an abortion !as 14.0 per --,---, compared !it a mean rate of .1

per --,--- in t e general population of !omen. 3n 3pr. 22J Journal of Social and Clinical Ps cholo! study of men ! ose partners ad abortions found t at H . G of t e men reportedregret, 4H. G felt sadness, and H.JG e#perienced depression.

Abortions reduce the nu ber of ado/tab!e babies:

Instead of aving t e option to abort, !omen s ould give t eir un!anted babies to people ! o

cannot conceive. T e percentage of infants given up for adoption in t e United 'tates declinedfrom 2G of t ose born before 201 to G of t ose born bet!een 22 and -- . 3s a result of t e lac" of !omen putting t eir c ildren up for adoption, t e number of U' infant adoptionsdropped from about 2-,--- in 20 to J,--- in --0. 3round . million 3merican !omen!ere trying to adopt c ildren as of -- , according to t e U' Department of ealt and uman'ervices.

Wo en shou!d not be ab!e to use abortion as a for of contrace/tion:

It is immoral to "ill an unborn c ild for convenience. T e ;uttmac er Institute reported t at alf

of all !omen aving abortions every year ave ad at least one previous abortion, ! ile J.HG of abortions reported to t e 6enters for Disease 6ontrol and 8revention in - - !ere undergone by!omen ! o ad t ree or more previous abortions. T is suggests t at many !omen are usingabortion as a contraceptive met od. "reakono#ics co/aut or 'teven Levitt, 8 D, !rote t at after abortion !as legali:ed, 6onceptions rose by nearly 1- percent, but birt s actually fell by

percent, indicating t at many !omen !ere using abortion as a met od of birt control, a crudeand drastic sort of insurance policy.


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If $o en beco e /re"nant0 the( shou!d acce/t the res/onsibi!it( that co es $ith/roducin" a chi!d:

8eople need to ta"e responsibility for t eir actions and accept t e conse&uences. aving se#ualintercourse, even ! en contraceptive met ods are used, carries !it it t e ris" of a pregnancy.T e unborn baby s ould not be punis ed for a mista"e made by adults. If !omen are unprepared

to care for t eir c ildren, t ey s ould at least put t em up for adoption.

2ON2L*SION

Total abortion ban places !omen and girls on t e brin" of deat . It also severely compromisest e ealt and !ellbeing of t ousands ! o are forced to rely on unsafe clandestine abortions,! o ave suffered miscarriage, or ! o ave been raped. It leads to t e arbitrary and un$ustimprisonment of !omen and girls for ?crimes9 ! ic in reality amount to attempting to e#ercise

t eir basic uman rig ts. T e failure of t e 'alvadoran government to address damaging culturalnorms t at marginali:e and restrict t e lives of !omen and girls, as !ell as t eir refusal to

properly a dress t e inescapable barriers to modern contraception and effective se#ualityeducation, condemns generations of young !omen to a future s aped by ine&uality,discrimination, limited c oices and restricted freedoms. 3mnesty International9s findings providea glimpse into t e pervading cultural and institutional barriers t at !omen and girls in face toe#ercising t eir uman rig ts, particularly t ose barriers t at obstruct t e reali:ation of t eirse#ual and reproductive rig ts. T e testimonies of t e !omen and ot ers ! o spo"e to 3mnestyInternational illustrate in e#plicit and distressing terms t e terrible cost t at t ese barriers e#acton !omen and girls on a daily basis in terms of t eir ealt , personal freedoms, socio/economiccircumstances and mortality. T ey also demonstrate o! gender e&uality cannot become a realityin as long as cultural pre$udices and prevalent gender stereotypes are ens rined and promotedt roug rec"less, discriminatory la!s and institutional practices.


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*eference!!!.en.!i"ipedia.org

ttp+ !!!.profesionalesetica.orgwww.bbc.co.uk/ethics/ abortion /legal /www.debate.orgwww.deism.com/ abortion .htm
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/http://www.profesionalesetica.org/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/legal/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/legal/http://www.debate.org/http://www.deism.com/abortion.htmhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/http://www.profesionalesetica.org/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/abortion/legal/http://www.debate.org/http://www.deism.com/abortion.htm

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Final Why Abortion Should Be Legal