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Final Review Final Review For C.S.T.For C.S.T.
Standards 1 & 2
Astronomy
Planets• Inner = Terrestrial = Rocky = High
Density. (Heavy)
• Outer = Jovian = Gas = Low Density. (Light)
• Much closer than stars so we see their movement.
Early Earth• Formed 4.6
Billion Years Ago.
• Layers (Core, Mantle, Crust)
• Heavy sunk, Light floated to the top.
Stars• Make energy by Fusion.• Fusion = lighter to heavier.• Color gives us Temp. & Life cycle.
–Red can be Ten’s of Billions of years old.
–Yellow is Billions–Blue is Millions.
Galaxies
• Our galaxy is the Milky Way• Has Billions of stars• Made of Gas & Dust• Spiral Shape• 100,000 Light Years across.
Standards 3 & 9
Geology
Plate Tectonics• Alfred Wegener offered 4
proofs.
• This led to Plate Tectonics.
• Divergent
• Convergent
• Transform
Rocks• Sedimentary = parts of rocks
• Igneous = melted
• Metamorphic = heat & pressure
• Intrusive = Underground = Large Crystals
• Extrusive = Above ground = Small Crystals
Volcanoes• Two types of eruptions
–Quiet = flowing lava = low in gasses = low in silica.
–Explosive = thick lava = high in gasses = high in silica.
• Divergent = Form where the ground pulls apart.
• Convergent = Forms in subduction zones.
• Hot spots = Form chains of islands. (Atolls)
Volcanoes
California• Coastal cliffs have erosion.
• Water #1 use is agriculture.
• Most precipitation in the North
• Use Aqueducts to move water to the South.
Standards 4, 5, 6 & 8
Global Warming• CO2 is most responsible.
• Burning fossil fuels & wood adds CO2 to the atmosphere.
• CO2 traps heat and can warm the planet.
Early Atmosphere
• Early Earth was very different.
• The first oxygen came from early plants (algae) Photosynthesis.
Wind• The Coriolis effect causes storms to curve
to the West.
Rising/Falling Air• Warm air rises
• Cool air falls
• Where air rises, it rains.
• Where air falls, it is dry.
Altitude• In the troposphere (our
layer)–As you go up, it gets colder.
–As you go up, the pressure gets lower.
Ozone• O3 = Ozone
• In the Stratosphere = Protects us from UV radiation.
• UV radiation can destroy DNA and cause cancer.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s) destroy ozone.
El Nino• In the Pacific,
some years the wind stops blowing.
• The ocean in this spot warms up.
• On these years, the weather changes around the globe.