Final Report - rareplanet · Web viewPak Kading District is located in the west of Bolikhamxay Province at the mouth(Pak) of the Nam Kading River where it joins the Mekong River and,

Final ReportRare Pride Campaign

Nam Kading National Protected AreaLao Peoples Democratic Republic

The Campaign’s Flagship Species: The Great Hornbill

Soulisak VannalathWildlife Conservation Society

2005-2006

Rare Diploma in Conservation EducationUniversity of Kent at Canterbury, United Kingdom

Kent Cohort V

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/.

Contents

Chapter 1: Project Site Back Ground.................................................................................................4Introduction.................................................................................................................................4Biodiversity of Nam Kading NPA................................................................................................5Key Animals of Nam Kading NPA...............................................................................................5Forest Types...............................................................................................................................6River system...............................................................................................................................7Target Site, Pak Kading District..................................................................................................7Threats to biodiversity in the NPA..............................................................................................9The NPA management overview..............................................................................................10

Chapter 2: Site Assessment..............................................................................................................12Stakeholders in the NPA Management....................................................................................12Stakeholder matrix and narrative..............................................................................................12Photos From the First Stakeholder Meeting.............................................................................16

Chapter 3: Flagship Species.............................................................................................................19Great Hornbill (Buceros biconis)...............................................................................................19Great Hornbill Status in the Nam Kading NPA.........................................................................20

Chapter 4: Pride Campaign Activities/Products..............................................................................21Training for village headmen....................................................................................................21Training for schoolteachers......................................................................................................21Badges......................................................................................................................................22Great Hornbill Poster................................................................................................................23Billboards..................................................................................................................................24Village Visits.............................................................................................................................26School Visits.............................................................................................................................27Green certificates......................................................................................................................28Popular Songs..........................................................................................................................29Great Hornbill Soft Toys...........................................................................................................33Great Hornbill Costume............................................................................................................34Radio Spots..............................................................................................................................35

Chapter 5: The Results......................................................................................................................36Objective 2................................................................................................................................37Objective 3................................................................................................................................38Objective 4................................................................................................................................39Objective 5................................................................................................................................40Objective 6................................................................................................................................41Objective 7................................................................................................................................42Objective 8................................................................................................................................43Objective 9................................................................................................................................44Objective 10..............................................................................................................................45Objective 11..............................................................................................................................46Objective 12..............................................................................................................................47Control SiteAction Oriented Behaviour Change.......................................................................47Action Oriented Behaviour Change..........................................................................................48

Chapter 6: Critical Review.................................................................................................................49Executive Summary..................................................................................................................49What Worked Well....................................................................................................................49


What Didn’t Work Well in the Campaign..................................................................................54Chapter 7: Conclusion.......................................................................................................................56Chapter 9: Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................57Chapter 9: Acknowledgement...........................................................................................................57Appendix 1: Pre-questionnaire survey.............................................................................................58References...........................................................................................................................................63


Chapter 1: Project Site Back Ground Introduction

Nam Kading NPA was first established in 1993 under Prime Ministerial Decree No164. The Nam Kading National Protected Area (NPA) is the only NPA that lies entirely in Bolikhamxay province and is the only one NPA in Lao PDR with no villages inside the boundary. The main objectives of its establishment are to protect biodiversity, provide watershed management and offer a site for future study and tourism (MAF, 2001).

Map 1

The Nam Kading National Protected Area (NPA) ( 18○11’-18○39’, 103○54’ 104○ 34’ ) covers an area of 169,000 Ha, within four districts : Nam Kading, Vienthong, Bolikhan and Khamkued (Map1). The Nam Kading River is the largest river that runs from the south of the NPA though the middle of the NPA and links it to Nakai-Nam Theun NPA in the upper part of the same drainage basin called Nam Theun. In addition, the Nam Mouan River, the second largest river, joins Namkading River near the center of the NPA. The main NPA body is formed from a massif of steep terrain at attitudes from 500- to 1200m with densely forested hills. There is no road within the NPA and the rivers have a lot of fast


rapids that makes difficult access to the NPA. However, access to most of the area can be made by foot (Timmins et at., 1997).

Biodiversity of Nam Kading NPA

The Nam Kading NPA is very important habitat for birds and mammals, including many key species. Numbers of birds that normally seen in the high attitude in other areas are also found in low attitude in this NPA. This effect, possibly happens to groups of plants and invertebrates may because of zonation of the high steep terrain of the area, by the ridges of over 1000m of the NPA boundary to the north and south and the influence of the Annamite mountain climate in the northeast that make colder climate (Timmins et al.,1997).

Key Animals of Nam Kading NPA

Birds

Common name Scientific name Cons status Endemic status Rufus-winged Buzzard Butastur liventer GNTBar-backed Partridge Arborophila

bruneopectusRR

Silver Pheasant Lophura nythemera RRGrey Peacock Pheasant Polyplectron

bicalcaratum RR

Green peafowl Pavo muticus GTSiamese Fireback Lophura diardi GTRiver Lapwing Vanellus duvaucellii NHDLong-billed Plover Charadrius placidus GNTSmall Pratincole Glareola lactea RRYellow-vented Green pigeon

Treron serimundi GNT

Pale-caped pigeon Columba punicea GTTawny fish owl Ketupa flavipes GNT Coral-billed Ground cuckoo

Carpococcyx renauldi GNT

Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris RRBlyth’s Kingfisher Alcedo hercules GTBrown Hornbill Ptilolaemus tickeli GNTWreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus RRGreat Hornbill Beceros bicornis RRPale-headed Woodpecker

Gecenulus grantia RR

Red-Collared Woodpecker

Picus rabieri GT

Blue-napped Pitta Pitta nipalensis GNTBlue-lumped Pitta Piatta sorro GNTWire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii RRBrown Dipper Ciclus pallasii RR


Grey Laughingthrush Garrulax maesi GNTRufus-throated Fulvetta Alcippe rufogularis GNTGreen Cochoa Cochoa viridis ??????????Fujian Niltava Niltava davidi GNTRufus-faced Warbler Abroscopus

albocolaris RR

Hill Myna Gracula religiosa RR

Mammals Common name Scientific name Cons

status Endemic status

Sunda Pangolin Manis javanicus RRSlow Loris Nycticebus coucang RRPygmy Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus GTPig-tailed Macaque Macaca nemestrina RRAssamese Macaque Macaca assamensis RRRhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta RRStump-tiled Macaque Macaca arctoides GTFrancois’ Langur Semnopithecus francoisi GTPhayre’s Langur Semnopithecus phayrei RRDouc Langur Pygathrix namaeus GTWhite-checked Gibbon

Leucogenys nomascus GT

Dhole Cuon alpinus GTBears Ursus Sp GTBack-striped Weasel Mustela strigidorsa GTLarge Otter Lutra lutra RR/GT Asian Small-clawed Otter

Aonyx cinerea GT

Asian Elephant Elephas maximus GTLarge-antlered Muntjac

Megamuntiacus vuquangensis

GT

Guar Bos guarus GTBlack Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor RR Inornate Squirrel Callosciurus inornatus RRTiger Panthera tigris GTGNT: Globally Near threatened; RR: Regional at risk; GT: Globally Threatened; NHD: National History Decline;

Forest Types

In general, the forest in the main mountainous block of the NPA are predominantly dry and semi-ever green forest. Forest structure is very mixed in character and small disturbance have been seen throughout the NPA. Much of area is steeply sloping formation.


River system

The Nam Kading River and Nam Mouan River dominate the NPA, descend on a relatively steep gradient with narrow and fast flowing and rapids, many wide pools form after these rapids. There are usually small sand banks in spots along the rivers with shrub growth beside. Islands form in the middle as the water recedes. The course of Nam Kading in the NPA is the best forested river in Lao PDR(Timmins et al., 1997). Most small streams that flow into the Nam Kading are dry in March and some have very low flow during other periods. These two main rivers are very important for numbers of wildlife species that depend on feeding in and along the rivers and in the forest along the river. Moreover, they are important for the residents living nearby. They provide means of transportation to collect NTPFs and fishing for food and sale contributing greatly to the income of local residents.

Target Site, Pak Kading District

Pak Kading District is located in the west of Bolikhamxay Province at the mouth(Pak) of the Nam Kading River where it joins the Mekong River and, therefore, its name called Pak Kading. It covers an area of 4,210 km2 and comprises of 51 villages. There are 40,486 residents living in the district, the number of woman (20,392) slightly greater than the men.

Infrastructure

Most of villages in the district are accessible by road, especially villages located along the main road 13 south, and road No 8 to Vietnam. Both of these roads are asphalt and have access all seasons. However, a few remote villages have no road access in the wet season, accessible only by rivers. Communication in the areas is quite good; more than half of the villages can be reached by landline and/or cell phone. Pak Kading is located on the narrowest part of Lao to the south of Lao PDR and Vietnam. Numerous buses pass the district twenty four hours a day seven days a week. These roads and traffic create high potential for wildlife trade.

There are 7 secondary schools and 47 primary schools scattered throughout the villages within the districts. Some remote villages still lack access to health services; residence have to travel to the district or provincial hospital to gain the service, and in the wet season they face difficulty with transportation (Pak Kading district annual socio-economic report, 2004).

Economics

The main income of residents in the district are from agriculture, small trading business, fishing, collecting NTFPS for sale. Rice, tobacco and sugarcane are agriculture income in the area. In years when their crops fail, the poor rely on fishing, hunting and collecting NTPF for consumption and sale to cover the low –earnings from crops( Bolikhamxay Province Environmental Profile, 1999).

Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspect

Most of the residents in the areas are Lowland Lao or Lao Loum representing the dominant population in country belonging to Buddhist religion. Normally the people prefer to live in low land areas along rivers as their main occupations are farmers engaged in activities such as: low land rice paddy field cultivation, crop planting (sugar cane, tobacco and commercial vegetable), fishing, handicrafts, collecting Non Timber Forest Product(NTPF) and other labor


activities to supplement their income. Occasionally villagers will hunt when they are free from other work. The per capita income throughout the country is ~ $360 USD.

Land Ownerships

Bolikhamxay province has finished its basic land allocation program for the entire province including areas around the Nam Kading NPA. This means every household has legal lands, rotating lands for their agricultures, especially rice and some small scale farm. However, tobacco plantation along the Mekong River is on the rise. Thus providing additional employment opportunities for the residents in the area. Local people living in the remote areas profit mainly from healthy rivers inside and surrounding the NPA, especially fishing for food and sale, in addition, wildlife hunting and collecting None Timber Forest Products (NTPFs) to supplement incomes for families.

Nam Kading NPA surrounded by four districts namely, Pakading in the west, Bolikan in the north, Khamkhuerd in the south and Viengthong in the southeast (figure 2). There are numbers of important areas around the NPA such as Nam Ao forest which have different forest types from the Nam Kading and others NPA in Lao PDR. Nadi Limestone holds limestone outcrops at high attitude with wildlife community that isn’t similar to any other NPAs. A corridor between Nam Kading and Nakai Namtheurn NPA is one of the most important areas found inside the NPA boundary.

Map 2


Level OF Tourism

Until now, tourism development in the NPA has been limited. However the NPA has numerous attractions that are potentially suitable for tourism in the future. For instance, the pass road to Vietnam road No 8 has unique scenery of the limestone hill and green forest views along the road, numbers of attractive wild animals such as Hornbill species, Tiger, Guar, Asian Elephant, Gibbon, Douc Langur and others. Moreover, the steep terrain creates numerous fast rapids and high waterfalls that are suitable for recreation and adventure activities for both Lao and foreigner now and in the future. Since the development of tourism is being improved we expect to see levels of tourism increase over the near term.

Threats to biodiversity in the NPA

Wildlife Trade

Wildlife trade is the most serious treat that links directly to over hunting of aquatic and wildlife species. Nam Thorn Fresh Market is the most well known of wildlife trade in Lao PDR, which is located along highway 13 south. Moreover, the Nam Kading NPA located near the Vietnam border is easy access through route No 8 to Vietnam, therefore, numerous wildlife is being sold to Vietnam. While there is a proportion being sold for domestic consumption. Therefore, many wildlife species, especially species used for Chinese traditional medicine, have been extracted from the NPA. The prices paid by international traders are very attractive to remote village communities but these prices are still very low compared to the profit made by traders elsewhere (WCS 1999).

Habitat Conversion

Recently, based on report from villagers and district authorities there are less destruction of forest inside the NPA, reasons are land allocation has been done around the NPA. Most villages once inside the NPA were moved out. The topography is another limiting factor, the high - steep forests make it difficult to access and not suitable for cultivation. However, small scale destruction of forest is still being seen on the edges and foothills of the NPA where residents live nearby.

Forest Fire

Based on the information from the first stake holder meeting held on July 11, 2005 in Pak Kading district, fires still occur in the NPA even though people around the NPA have been given lands. However, burning forest for plantation without control causes expansion of fire into the NPA. Moreover, burning with the purpose to clear forest to make spotting animals for hunting causes massive damage to the area, especially, in deciduous forests during the dry season.

Proposed dam construction

There is proposed the Nam Thern 1 hydropower project inside NPA. A social economic and environment study is undertaking in the area. If this project proposal is passed, the dam will flood at least 9000 ha of forest area and will affect many species including fish, birds and mammals that occupy the habitats along the main rivers. Populations of River Lapwing, Long-billed Plover, Crested Kingfisher, Wire-tailed Swallow, Dhole, large otters, Asian Small-clawed Otter, Tigers/large cats, and Elephants – and probably also Gaur, Rhesus Macaque, Lesser Fish-eagle and Siamese Fireback – were predicted to be seriously affected by the project.


Over harvesting of NTFPs

Even though, it is difficult to access many parts of the area and there are no road inside the NPA itself, villagers, especially in the dry season often spent days in the forest collecting valuable NTFPs to sell. Mai Dam ( Aguilaria sp.) has apparently been massively collected throughout the NPA and the density of the species is rapidly decreasing because its price is very high and increasing over time. In addition, there is a lack of conservation education and management of NTFPs, so villagers over-use and use unsustainable techniques to collect NTFPs causing detrimental effects. Hunting and collecting NTFPs appear to be linked to each other directly. While villagers are in the forest, they look for wildlife and NTFPs at the same time.

The NPA management overview

In the past, there has been little management undertaken for the NPA by the Bolikhamxay Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO). Management that was done focused on land use planning in and around the NPA. Enforcement of illegal practicing for instance wildlife trade, hunting and clearing land inside the NPA was seldom implemented. Until this project there was no comprehensive conservation education in the area.

At the present time, Wildlife Conservation Society has been cooperating with Bolikhmaxay PAFO to implement the 5-year Integrated Ecosystem and Wildlife Management Project IEWMP ( 2005-2009) to conserve the high valuable biodiversity in the NPA in conjunction with improvement of local people’s livelihoods. To achieve this goal, three major activities were planned , namely:1) conservation education and awareness raising to increase understanding of local people in conservation and importance of biodiversity in the NPA and encourage participation of communities in and round the NPA to be involved in conservation management for the long-term sustainable use of the resources 2) law enforcement to control illegal practices by using current regulation 0524 by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2001 and 3) monitoring the effects of management over the five year period.

Previous Conservation Education exposure

To date , there is only one subject about the environment which has been provided through the official curriculum developed by the Ministry of Education known as “World Around Us”. This curriculum is about the basic functions of major components of the environment and not the main subject taught in schools. In addition, the Mobile Conservation Education Unit (MCU) conducted conservation education at the primary school level around Nam Kading NPA in 2002-03. The MCU is a unit within the Faculty of Forestry at the National University of Lao PDR. This unit received guidance and financial support from WCS.


Conservation Legislation

Based on the Forestry Law 01-96 of 11 October 1996,Based on the Prime Minister’s Decree 198/PM dated 15 November 1999 on the implementation of the Forestry Law,

The NPA wildlife and aquatic animal regulation0524 have been declared in 2001. this regulation consists of eight sections as following:

Section 1General Provisions

Section 2Establishment of NBCA

Section 3Management of NBCA

Section 4Management of Wild and Aquatic Life

Section 5NBCA Development Fund

Section 6Mandate of State Organizations in the Management of NBCA, Wild and Aquatic Life

Section 7Awards and Sanctions

Section8Final Provisions

All the NPA units in the country use this regulation to mange the NPAs since its declaration in 2001. The regulation was written to clearly assist the design for effective management of NPA over the long-term to provide environment protection while encouraging the sustainable use by local people.


Chapter 2: Site Assessment Stakeholders in the NPA Management

In general, based on the new decentralization policy of government, now most of the NPA management implementation tasks are designated by district authority, especially District Agriculture and Forestry office (DAFO) to associate with local agencies and communities to undertake participatory conservation activities in NPA. In upper level, Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office (PAFO) is responsible for planning and giving advice to the DAFO by consulting with the INGOs, the Department of Forestry(DOF) and other provincial agencies to seek cooperation, funding and effective planning. Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is the first INGO that cooperates with the Bolikhamxay Provincial Government and Luxemburg Development-Lao to start conservation initiatives in the NPA, and one of its cooperative activities is conservation education and public awareness.

Stakeholder matrix and narrative

Te first stakeholder meeting included all the key associated agencies that might have some role in the conservation awareness activities in the Pak Kading District and Bolikhamxay Province were involved together to contribute their knowledge creating the initial conceptual model. The meeting was held in Pak Kading District on July 11, 2005. The main purpose of the meeting was to discuss the detail of the condition of the project site that include the condition of the biodiversity in the site, direct and indirect threats that are occurring at the site and all contributions lead to the threats. Finally, the meeting came up with the solutions of how to reduce the threats that are degrading biodiversity in the site. The meeting was lead by the campaign coordinator, Soulisak Vannalath, to understand deeply the real situations and what is going on in the site in the form of conceptual model. The initial conceptual Model created based on MEASURE of SUCCESS by Richard Margoluis and Nick Salafsky,1998.

By the end of the day, all participants gave a vote for selecting the flagship species. There were four candidates including Great Hornbill, White checked Gibbon, Douc Langur and Guar. Finally, more than half of participants voted for the Great Hornbill and decided to use Great Hornbill image as a flagship species for the campaign. Below is a comprehensive list of the participants at the stake holder meeting.

No Stake holder Name Key issue Interest/motive (what participant bring to the meeting )

Potential contribution (what the meeting give to participant)

Consequent

1 Provincial Cons Unit

Mr. Maneesengpet

Provincial level project coordinator for field work implementation

Provincial policies and information of the site

The real situation that contribute to design the proper management activities

To ensure all designed initiatives are appropriate.

2 Provincial Cons Unit

Mr. Keovong duean

Provincial project manager for

Project retail such as work and budget

Raw information that help for

To make sure that Cons Edu plan will be in


liaison and cooperative

plan and all cooperative issues

management planning

time with cooperation from all stakeholder

3 Provincial culture and information office

Mr. Somesee Expanding environmental issues via radio and Television

Means to promote conservation issues through medias

Conservation issues and his unit task in conservation initiatives in the NPA

Help to promote conservation issues via medias by his office

4 Luxemburg Development -NGO

Mr. Vanvay Links conservation and development to ensure sustainable use

Natural resources use techniques and development status in the areas

How cons and development can be linked for the long term sustainable use

Ensure that development and contribute to conservation and vi versa

5 Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), one of two campaign supervisor

Mr. Troy Hansel

Conceptual model processing

As a campaign supervisor, he brought his experiences to complete the model

New techniques used in the meeting such as sticky wall, color paper and group participatory.

To follow up the campaign processing

6 WCS Mr. Sunti To assist and learn how to develop conceptual model

Assist campaign coordinator in a variety of aspects

Techniques on how to Create conceptual model systematically

Continue to help partly in the campaign activities.

7 WCS-campaign coordinator

Mr. Soulisak Vannalath

To create conceptual model and understanding the task of each associated agent to seeking for cooperation for the campaign

Lead the meeting and ensure that all stakeholder participate equally to complete the suitable conceptual model for the campaign

information to make the cite-reflective conceptual model and will lead to effective intervention to reduce threats.

Plan and implementation will be conduced participatory and effectively.

8 District Agriculture and Forestry office (DAFO)

Mr. Paylavan New techniques for promoting conservation

Treats, contribution that they are facing and solutions based on his experiences

Clear picture of the conceptual model that reflects the real situation in the cite

Ensure that planning and implementing in the district level will be more focused and effective

9 DAFO Mr. Sengchan New techniques for promoting conservation

Treats, contribution that they are facing and solutions

Clear picture of the conceptual model that reflects the

Ensure that planning and implementing in the district level will be


based on his experiences

real situation in the cite

more focused and effective

10 DAFO Mr. Viengkone New techniques for promoting conservation

Treats, contribution that they are facing and solutions based on his experiences

Clear picture of the conceptual model that reflects the real situation in the cite

Ensure that planning and implementing in the district level will be more focused and effective

11 District Governor office

Mr. Kai son Developing policy to fit both conservation and development in the district.

Provide political support and authority for conservation initiative in the NPA

Rolls of stakeholders and needs for conservation initiative that can be provided by the district

Ensure that paper works and cooperation will be available when required.

12 District Education office

Mr..Khamvanh Conservation education development in schools in the district

Cooperation for the education team to work in school in the district

Ideas to increase understanding of students as the potential manpower to protect environment in the near future.

Accesses to work with school s and develop the education techniques for school with district education office

13 District information and culture office

Mr. Kanechan To assist the education team to convey the cons messages to the audience

Means to spread out the CE messages to the audiences

Systematic model and key messages that can be used effectively

Provide means and manpower to involve in the CE initiatives.

14 District Women Union

Mrs. Sutsada Rolls of women in CE

Opinions of women towards conservation .

Participation from all people in the community is a key for conservation.

Women will increase their knowledge and involve in CE

15 Napong Village Headman

Mr. Uthumxay Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use

Factors that cause the loss of resources

Villagers are key people that use and protect resources for themselves

Village headmen will conduct CE with and without CE team

16 Napong Village Women Union

Mrs. Souk Rolls of women in CE

Opinions of women towards conservation .

Participation from all people in the community is a key for conservation.

Women will increase their knowledge and involve in CE

17 Napong Village

Mr. Buason Rolls of local community in

Factors that cause the loss

Villagers are key people

Village headmen will


Forester conservation for the sustainable use

of resources that use and protect resources for themselves

conduct CE with and without CE team

18 Phosee Village Headman

Mr. Boungnom Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




19 Napong Village Elder

Mr. Sone Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




20 Namtorn Village Headman

Mr. Khsmsing Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




21 Nam torn Village Elder

Mr. Maile Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




22 Namtorn Village Forester

Mr. Pan Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




23 Tongnamee Village Headman

Mr. Khamsuay Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




24 Napong Village Elder

Mr. Seetha Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use




25 Napong Village Forester

Mr. Bounthun Rolls of local community in conservation for the sustainable use





Photos From the First Stakeholder Meeting

Pre questionnaire Summary

After the campaign manager had finished the questionnaire survey form to be used in pre and post survey, there were workshops in campaign and control districts to discuss details about the questionnaire itself and interview techniques. After that, detailed survey plan was determined included number of respondents (550 for pre and post surveys in both control and campaign area). The survey team comprised of campaign manager, two IEWMP staff (the manager, WCS volunteers and IEWMP staff went to both districts) and 4 staff from each district. (Total target population size , 95% confidence level and 3%confidence interval). That meant 10 enumerators in one district team. On average, one person could interview 15 people per day, one person-interview took 30 minutes on average.


Final conceptual Model


Lack of Land

NTFPs

Lack of conservation understanding

High demand of wildlife

Lack of local participation

M2

Cons Education

Alternative income support

M1

Land extension

Sustainabe Agriculture

Enforcement

Lack of alternative income

Cash needs

Illegal Wildlife trade

Poorly enforced regulations

lack of ownership

Nam Kading NPA

Illegal logging

Forest

Wildlife and fish Over hunting

Wildlife for food & sale

Slash and burn

Over harvesting of NTFPs

M4M

3

M4

Forest Fire

O1: Public awareness: Analy

isA1: Pre-campaign questionnaireA2: Post-campaign questionnaire

O2: Public awareness: GeneralPublicA1: Great Hornbill PostersA2: Great Hornbill Billboard A3: Key Village visit A4. Spot on FM radioA5. Popular song A6. Wildlife TrAnalysis

A1: Pre-campaign questionnaire

A2: Post-campaign questionnaire

ade Signs A1: Pre-campaign questionnaire

O3: Public awareness: Kids/Youth

A1: School visits A2: Comics/ bookletsA3 CompetitionsA5 Badge A6 Candy competition gameA7 Spray game A8 Good forest Good life A9 Roleplay A10 costume O4: Public awareness: Key Stakeholders

A1: Monk related activity

A2 Study tour –village headmenA3. Green certificate

Staff lack of inspiration

Lack of local participation

LHigh demand of wildlifeaLack of conservation understanding cNTFPs nLack of Land powers

Alternative income supportKCons Education

eM2

EnforcementtSustainabe AgricultureiLand extensionoM1

Poorly enforced regulationsDIllegal Wildlife tradeiCash needs

Lack of alternative income

Over harvesting of NTFPsuSlash and burn tOver hunting Wildlife for food & saleiWildlife and fish oForest nIllegal logging Nam Kading NPA

lack of ownership

M4uM3nM4

O3: Public awareness: Kids/YouthA1: School visits A2: Comics/ bookletsA3 CompetitionsA5 Badge A6 Candy competition gameA7 Spray game A8 Good forest Good life A9 Roleplay A10 costume

M

O2: Public awareness: General PublicA1: Great Hornbill PostersA2: Great Hornbill Billboard A3: Key Village visit A4. Spot on FM radioA5. Popular song A6. Wildlife Trade Signs 4

O1: Public awareness: Analysis

A1: Pre-campaign questionnaire

A2: Post-campaign questionnaire

Forest Fire

M3

M2

M1

Even though, there is very low population density living inside the NPA, currently only one village locating in side. However, lack of ownership by local residents, needs of cash and agriculture lands and low-law enforcement of the illegal practices inside and around the NPA, therefore, natural resources such as forest, wildlife and Non Timber Forest Products(NTFPs) have been destructive and unsustainable used.

In Pak kading District, mainly, half of the population living in the poor condition and depend heavily on their agriculture products and natural resources as main income( National Poverty Eradication Program). While the general economic in the country is growing, many residents try to improve their living status of the family, without alternative economic opportunities provided, by extracting resources in the park.

Population growth in the area causes the need to expand agriculture lands close to the NPA. Uncontrolled burning to clear lands for plantation usually spread to the NPA especially in the dry season, consequently, large forest area destroyed. In addition, burning for hunting and to clear access trail to forest are the cause of the destruction.

CE is quite new to the area, there have never been systematic CE have undertaken to have people aware of the important of the natural resources that they depend upon for their daily lives and to balance the environment. Therefore, residents in the area do not have the ownership and motivation to participate towards conservation.


Chapter 3: Flagship Species Great Hornbill (Buceros biconis)

Taxonomy

Phylum Coelomata: Refers to all kinds of animals which have backbones.

Class Aves: Animal which have feathers cover almost the body surface and have hollow-light bone.

Order Coraciiformes: Bird species which nest in holes in blanks or trees

Family Bucerotidae: This narrows down to just the Hornbill, all of them has big and thick bill and some

has casque

Genus Buceros: There are big helmet on the head called casque

Species Buceros bicornis: Big bird with a very large –bright yellow bill and horn on their head. Adult is

1200 cm in length. In Lao PDR Great Hornbill is in the category I and in CITES, Apendix II and “vulnerable” in the Red Data Book (http://nagonline. net/Fact% 20Sheet%20pdf/AZA%20-%20Greater%20Hornbill%20Species%20Survival%20Plan.pdf)

Distribution

Ranges from Western Ghats, North India into Nepal, Bhutan, South China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand and Indochina includes Lao PDR.

Behavior

Great Hornbill and a very loud and special call (Gok), especially they will start to call at the start of the breeding season and when returning to the roost. Moreover, the wing-beat sound can be heart from half mile away. The species like to live in pairs, small family groups or folks, sometimes, of up to 40


http://nagonline/

individuals. They may cover large area for feeding during the daytime and stay whole day at the particular fruit trees. Great Hornbills prefer to live in the forest, but sometimes may leave the forest to feed on figs and some kinds of bamboo.

Biology

Great Hornbills are mainly frugiverous, diet on fruits from different kinds of big tree and sometime feed on small insect, snake and lizards. The Great Hornbill is like other hornbill species that need large hollow trees to make nests for reproduction, lay eggs and hatching during the breeding season.

Size

Great Hornbill is one of the largest hornbill species with the length of 130-150 cm measured from the tip of the beak to the end of the tail. The wingspan measures up to 155 cm.

Reproduction

Great Hornbill are monogamous and territorial – pair animal. They always make nest in side natural hollows in the living trees and, however, in the trunks of dead trees. When female are ready to lay egg she will seals herself in the nest using feces, mud and tree bark and leaving small slit for her male to feed her through the gap. Female stays with chicks until the nest starting to be crowded then she leave the nest and help male to feed the chicks until they are about four to five months old. The family forms into a small group.

Great Hornbill Status in the Nam Kading NPA

So far, there is no in depth study of Great Hornbill in the NPA. Reportedly, there used to be large number of great hornbill population in the NPA. However, detrimental hunting of the bird for consumption and for sale and forest degradation to feeding and nesting trees has caused massive reduction to the bird population in this NPA. Researchers and local community members report small numbers of Great Hornbills living in the interior of the protected area where less human disturbance occurs in the NPA.

Some facts about Great hornbill

We can use Great hornbill as the key stone species, because to conserve the species we have to conserve big trees where they can make a nest-cavity and many kind of fruit trees, especially the frig trees that many animal depend on.

Great Hornbill is one of the indicators of the forest healthy, the species only make nests in trees with cavities big big enough to lay eggs and take care chicks. Therefore, there is an association between the number of the individuals and the number of big trees in the area suitable for nesting and feeding . The Great Hornbill and other hornbill species are crucial seed dispersing species, 80 tree species seeds dispersed by Hornbills, about ¼ of all trees in the area, especially trees with big seeds (Aparajita Data).

Decoration, local people use their skulls with bill and horn to decorate in their houses and use the beautiful feathers to put in the vase to decorate the living rooms.Some tribal groups use Great hornbill for making traditional medicine.

Now, numbers of Great Hornbill are dramatically decreasing in their entirely global ranges. The forest destruction is the main threat causing disappearance of their habitat. In addition, hunting for food and


collecting their chicks to keep as pets and sale are contributing to their reduction and driving them on the brink of extinction.


Chapter 4: Pride Campaign Activities/Products Training for village headmen

Two trainings, two-full days in each training, for 51 village headmen and Lao women unions representatives from four villages were conducted to launch the first campaign activities. This was done to ensure that all village headmen understood the basics of conservation principles and to gain their cooperation for further campaign activities. Consequently, most of the trained headmen conducted conservation workshop in the own village by using lesson learnt from the trainings to extend it to residents in the area.

Training for schoolteachers

We aimed to convey the conservation messages to schoolchildren via these teachers. To help meet this aim we conducted one training for 54 teachers from 54 schools; representation from every school in the district. This was conducted just after the trainings for village head men completed. As expected, many of the trained teachers took lesson and activities learnt from the training and applied them in their own schools. For instance, they integrated conservation lessons into formal subjects such as: the “World Around Us” curriculum and deforestation “Spray Game” into their classrooms at the schools.


Badges

Five thousand great hornbill badges were made, by a Thai printing studio. Due to the inadequate number of the badge, therefore, only students in grades 3-7 received badges. The distribution of the badge was made at the end of the teacher training. This method reduced the cost of delivery because all schools were represented at the training. In addition, most of teachers ask students who received the badge to wear it to school as part of their school uniforms.

Target Audience

Schoolchildren, primary and lower secondary.

Key Messages

Great Hornbill image surrounded with slogan of the campaign” Forest and wildlife are high valuable resources worth to be protected”


Great Hornbill Poster

10.000 great hornbill posters were made and distributed to 8500 households, all classrooms, private and government agencies in the campaign district. The delivery of this poster to village was done through the village headmen at the end of the village headmen trainings. This again reduced the delivery cost and it was more likely that it would reach all households as planned. The poster was the launching material, introducing the hornbill image and slogan of the campaign. After that, it linked others materials and activities.

Target Audience

General public in the campaign area.

Key Messages

Campaign slogan Great hornbill image For you and your generations, rare, prohibited, seed dispersal Village- conservation billboards


Billboards

Fifty five plastic Great Hornbill billboards, 2x3 meters, were made and distributed to all 51 villages in the campaign area. The billboards were advised to put them in meeting areas such as: temple, meeting hall, community center, etc.

Target Audience

General public

Key Message

Importance of forest Importance of wildlife and trees Action guideline to conserve biodiversity.


Market Anti Wildlife Trade Signs

Six anti wildlife trade sign, sized 3X2 meters, were made and set up in six major markets in the district.

Target Audience

Wildlife traders who suppliers of bush meat and buyers from inside and outside.

Key Messages Disease and formalin will kill you. Wildlife trade contributes to over hunting Authority contact number.


Village Visits

The RARE campaign, well known as great hornbill team, visited 25 villages assumed to have most impact on the Nam Kading NPA with the total attendants of approximate 3500 people. There were four main activities presented during the village visit: candy competition game, Forest song, poster puzzle game and spray game, and costume show. This is to reinforced by messages in the billboard and FM radio. This was the most effective communication method to convey large messages to audience because it was participatory and face to face, that could give more detail and answer questions from the audience.

Target Audience

Villagers age of 14 years up General public

Key Messages

Unsustainable practices causing difficult living Good forest equals good life Importance of wildlife, sources of food, crop protection, seed dispersal, etc Pledge for conservation, start from yourself for yourself


School Visits

The aim of the visit was the same as village visit. In the secondary school visit all activities prsented in villages were applied, however, in primary school “Wildlife and Forest” importance song were modified based on unsatisfied result of pre-test of those activities in one primary school. Therefore, matching games were replaced. This was aim to encourage students to reinforce the key messages they have learnt from the visit to their parents and whole community.

Target Audience

General public

Key Messages

Unsustainable practices causing difficult living Good forest equals good life Importance of wildlife, sources of food, crop protection, seed dispersal, etc Pledge for conservation, start from yourself for yourself


Green certificates

8500 A3-size certificates were printed and distributed to all household in the campaign site by the end of the campaign period to engage target audience to conservation of natural resources by putting signature on the certificate and giving the pledge to express that they will involve in conservation efforts. This certificate acted as the last reinforcement subtracting to radio spot, conservation billboard and village visit. Additionally, this was aimed to physically involve target audiences to act toward conserving natural resources for themselves.

Target Audience

Families and the general public in campaign site.

Key Messages

Campaign slogan Food Income Crop protection Prevent natural disaster You conserve you will get


Popular Songs

1500 VCD karaoke VCDs were made comprising of five songs sang by two young artists from Lao Art Media Enterprise. Melody and the wording in these songs designed for attracting young children that would engage their parents to watch and listen while looking after their children and they unavoidably received messages from the album.

Target audience

Children and schoolchildren age of 3-12 and their parents as secondary target audience.

Key messages Lovely great hornbill Forest and wildlife importance You save you get We depend on natural resources


Great Hornbill Booklet

10,000 great hornbill booklets were made and distributed to all students in primary and lower secondary schools in the campaign district via the district education office. The team collected a number of schools and students in each school then to save delivery cost the team packed up books and sent all at once to the education office. This book was the only colorful conservation story book that ever received by students in this area, based on report from head of the education office. Therefore, students loved to read and carried it to schools.

Target Audience

Primary and lower secondary school students and general public is the secondary target, as students brought it home and then others had a chance to look at it.

Key Messages

Great hornbill helps disperse seeds Natural disaster Pollination Ecotourism Food and medicine Profits from forest Sustainable practices


Workshop on Establishment of Fish Conservation Area

Based on the awareness raised by the campaign team and community’s comprehension on the advantage of conservation for sustainable use, nine villages located down stream of Tad Vangfong came together with campaign team and district authorities to discuss designation of and regulation of the Tad Vangfong Fish conservation Area, the biggest fish conservation area in the country.

Target Audience

General public in nine villages and other villages as secondary target, because it would be a good example of conservation for sustainable use model. Once it is successful it would be well known and duplicated in other areas.

Key Messages

Sustainable use Spawning area To protect and recover rare aquatic animals


Nine Village Revisit

After fish conservation area was established, the campaign team was requested to revisit 9 involved villages to reinforce the concept of conservation for sustainable use and educate community about the regulation to ensure that all villagers and government officers in the area understand the purposes of the establishment. In addition, 13 fish conservation area sign were made and one was set in each village and other 4 sign set on the start and end of the designated fish conservation zone.

Target Audience

Villagers from 9 villages

Key Message

Conservation for sustainable use Spawning area Protect rare and near extinct aquatic animals


Great Hornbill Soft Toys

200 great hornbill soft animal toys was made and gave away as gifts and prizes for village headmen, school masters and participants and students. This aimed to set a reminder for the community when they see the soft toy after the campaign. There is another reminder to encourage attendants to involve in the campaign activities

Target Audience

Students and general public

Key Messages

Great hornbill image


Great Hornbill Costume

Two great hornbill costumes were made, in Thailand, to use in the great hornbill show section at the end of the village and school visits. He aimed to attract attention of participants who attended the campaign visits in either schools or villages. People listen intensively to the great hornbill and more entertained by the great hornbill show than normal presentation by just team members.

Audience

Students and general public.

Key Messages

Beautiful image of the Great Hornbill


Radio Spots

3 radio spots were made by the Lao Art media, one of the biggest media company in the country, and aired on FM frequency across Bolikhamxay province radio station 6-spot times per day(Approximately 180 times/month). In addition, based on the RARE supervisor’s visit and recommendation one more spot about great hornbill was made to promote great hornbill conservation. However, the radio spot did not just convey the conservation messages to the target audience in the campaign site, it also sent the message the community in the control site( Bolikhan District).

Target Audience

Pak Kading public

Key Messages

Spot 1 : importance of forest as sources of food, prevent natural disaster, etc. Spot 2 : importance of wildlife as sources of food, crop protection, seed dispersal, etc. Spot 3 : conservation action guideline such as: start from yourself, extend to others, stop all

detrimental activities, etc. Spot 4 : great hornbill help dispersing variety of seeds, it is rare and nearly extinct.


Chapter 5: The Results Objective 1

By August, 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who say they have heard of the Great Hornbill, from 61% to 80% (refer to Q 31)

Target Site

Control Site

As shown from the graphs, There is dramatically increase, in campaign area, in number of people said “yes” they have heard about the great hornbill from 61-100% compare to the control area with slightly change from 72-89%.


Have You Heard the Animal Called Great Hornbill? (n = 550)

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Objective 2

By August 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who know that the great Hornbill is in danger of dying out, from 26% to 70% (refer to Q 33)

Target Site

Control Site

There was sharp change in knowledge about the status of great hornbill. In campaign area, people said great hornbill is in danger of dying out from 26% before the campaign and acceded to 77% after the campaign. Comparatively, there was slightly change in knowledge on this issue in the control area increased from 16 -19% only.


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Objective 3

By August 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who know that the great Hornbill is in the prohibited category, from 35% to 60% (refer to Q 34)

Target Site

Control Site

As shown on the first graph, there is dramatically increase in number of people said great hornbill is prohibited species ( species is protected by law from any kind of hunting, trading, and possession) from 35 to 91%. However, there is satisfactory change in the control area on this issue too, from 56 to 81 %.


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Objective 4

By August, 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who name” cutting down the forest” as one of the most threats to the great Hornbill, From 17% to 40% (refer to Q 35)

Target Site

Control Site

There is big-increased number of people said that cutting down trees causes great hornbill population declined from17% before the campaign to 65% after the campaign compare to the control area that also had a good result, but not much as campaign area, by increased from 25% before the campaign up to 53% after the campaign period .


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Objective 5

By August 2006, there will be a decrease of respondents who say they “Don’t know” of any reason why the Great Hornbill is important, From 78.5% to 50% (refer to Q 36)

Target Site

Control Site

There is sharply decrease, in the campaign area, in number of people said “don’t know” how important great hornbill is, from 79% before to 11% after the campaign compare to the result from the control area that decreased from 58% before down to 29% after the campaign.


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Objective 6

By August, 2006, there will be an decrease of respondents who cannot name any correct answer about importance of wildlife for their community and environment, from 53.1 to 30% ( refer to Q 61)

Target Site

Control Site

There is sharply decrease, in the campaign area, in number of people said “don’t know” how important forest is, from 53% before to 16% after the campaign. In comparison, in the control area there was a decrease in the same point too but not as sharply as in the campaign area, which decreased from 43% before to 21 % after the campaign period.


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Objective 7

By August, 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who say that using all kinds of gun to hunt wild animal is illegal, From 77% to 90% (refer to the Q 39)

Target Site

Control Site

There is satisfactory increase, in the campaign area, in number of people said “using all kinds of gun is illegal” from 77% before up to 96% after the campaign compare to the result from the control area that decreased slightly from 93% before down to 97% after the campaign.


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Objective 8

By August 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who name impacts of wildlife trade as “support over hunting for sale” from 64.7% to 80% and “bring disease to people” From8.2% to 30% (refer to the Q 68)

Target Site

Control Site

Target Site

Control Site


There is almost no difference between the results in campaign and control area. There was an increase in number of people said wildlife trade leads to over hunting from 65% before to 82% after the campaign in the campaign area, which comparatively closed to the results from the control area which increased from 67% to 81%.

However, compare to another result in the same question about the affect of wildlife trade in term of bringing disease. Respondents who said wildlife might bring disease to human increased from 8% before to 23% after the campaign. In comparison there was slightly change in the control area that increased from 21% before to 24% after the campaign period.

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Objective 9

By August, 2006, there will be an decrease of respondents who have seen bush meat sold in local market, From32.7% to 20% (refer to the Q 46)

Target Site

Control

These were the most unsatisfactory results that could meet campaign set objective In both areas. The number of respondents was supposed to be decreased, in the campaign area from 33% to 20%, but in fact, it increased slightly from 33% before to 40% after the campaign. The same in the control area, the number also increased from 19% to 37%.


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Objective 10

By August, 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who give 2 correct answers about the importance of forest, From 29.% to 50%( refer to the Q 62)

Target

Control Site

Target Site

Control Site


On this objective if we look at just graph 1 and 2 it seems like there was greater number of people in the control area who answered 2 collect answers than the in the campaign area. For instance, people who answered 2 collect answers in the campaign area increased slightly from 29% to 41% lese than expected in the set objective compare to the result in the control area which increased from 30% to 51%.

However, as shown in the graphs below, there was an satisfactory increasing in number of people who could answered 3 collect answers from 4% before up to 29% before the campaign. In comparison with result of the control area which increased slightly from 6% to 10% only.

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Objective 11

By August, 2006, there will be an increase of respondents who give 2 correct answers about how to assist to conserve the NPA, From 13.% to 40% ( refer to the Q 66)

Target Site

Control Site

Target Site

Control Site


On this objective if we look at just graph 1 and 2 it seems like there was increased number of people in oth campaign and control areas who answered 2 collect answers. In the campaign area it increased from 13% before up to 43% after the campaign that greater than in the control area which is in creased from 22% to 38 % only.

Moreover, as shown in two comparatively different in number of people who responded 3 collect answers. For instance, in the campaign area the number people who answered 3 collect answers increased from 0% before up to 11% after the campaign and in the control area the number even decreased from 2% to 1% the campaign over the campaign period.

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Objective 12

By August 2006, to increase the number of respondents that could answer 2 correct answers about who is important to assist conserving the NPA, From 20.% to 40% (Refer to the Q 62).

Target Site

Control Site

Target Site

Control Site


In comparison of the result of two areas, it is clearly that people in the campaign area increased the knowledge toward the issue of who is important to assist in conserving the NPA by answered two collect answers from 20% before up to 35% after the campaign. In comparison, there was only 2% increased in the number of respondents who answered two collect answers on the same question from 24% to 26%.

In addition , as shown in the graphs below, in the campaign area, there was an satisfactory decreasing in number of people who answered “ don’t know to the same above question 26% before down to 4% after the campaign . In comparison with result in the control area which decreased slightly from 10% to 3% only.

Answered Two Correct Answers - "Who Is Most Important to Involve in Protecting NPA ?"

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Action Oriented Behaviour Change

In regards to the successful figures above, there are some action-oriented achievements as following:

The countries biggest Fish Conservation Area (FCA) was established in the campaign site. After the campaign started in the area for about a year people were aware of the clear term of conservation for sustainable use via through many kinds of conservation products and activities ranging from badge to village visit that. This combination reinforced the concept many repetition and make people in the area realized the importance of conservation toward natural resources for long term and sustainable use. Therefore, the FCA was proposed by nine villages and finally ended up with establishing it along with the regulation to protect it for the sustainable management and use. This illustrated clearly that the campaign affected knowledge and changed behavior toward natural conservation for sustainable use which is the key for maintaining biodiversity in the NPA. Beside the above fish conservation are established, many villages within the campaign district also built their own fish conservation areas.

In many visited villages, villagers participated are more involved with the conservation works. For instance, people gave more information when other conservation sectors came to collect data in the community and reportedly, conservation teams were welcomed by villagers that seldom happened before the campaign started.


Chapter 6: Critical Review Executive Summary

As we are all well aware conservation education is one of the key components contributing to the success of any conservation program (Jacobson. 2006). This is particularly true in the developing countries of the world in which projects have to deal with less educated people and/or limited knowledge of conservation. Conservation education functions as a tool to increase understanding toward the term conservation, and moreover, it encourages people to involve in other conservation activities such as: establishing conservation areas, forming new conservation regulations, joining monitoring and patrolling operation, etc.

By using RARE pride techniques of social marketing, using flagship species to increase knowledge and influence behavior change in the Nam Kading National protected Area. There were better than satisfactory results

However, it is not such an easy process to create a set of effective activities to raise awareness and understanding in some community with unique situations. However, the following are the 2 best and 2 worst activities in my campaign that I want to share with all of you to illustrate from initial development to implementation through to evaluation of each activity. This will start with 2 best and 2 worst activities respectively.

What Worked Well

Village Visit

Village visits are most effective techniques. It provides face to face or two-way communications that can address many issues which is other techniques can not. For instance, it can answer questions, audience can participate in the campaign and be able to give comment or suggestion. Therefore, the technique was applied as one of conservation campaign strategy in the selected campaign site, Pak Kading district, to increase knowledge and begin changing behavior toward conservation for sustainable use.

Process

Planning

Refer to the project work plan and information from the first stake holder meeting in the initial campaign period to try to understand the real situation including knowledge of the residents toward what we will promote(McKenzie and Smith, 1999) in the area. Therefore, one and half program was designed which included four main activities to reach the goal and objectives of the campaign.

Team Building and Selection of Team Members

It ‘s important that we have got the right counterparts with the appropriate characteristics and specialized knowledge to help conveying key conservation messages to the audience that influence their belief, attentions that lead to increasing knowledge and changing behavior. The team comprised 5 people included Campaign manager.


Activities Selection and Session Design

Based on the set objectives in the project plan and making sure that the team can accomplish it in one and half -- two hour campaign, five activities were selected and designed in detail for each objective. The session design asks many questions such as: what objective each activity will address, how long it will last, who will be in charge, which materials are needed, etc. Five major activities were created:

Candy competition game Forestry-important song Wildlife-important song Great Hornbill costume show

Selection of the Target Villages

The team realized that understanding audiences is important to designing, developing and implementing any campaign (McKenzie and Smith, 1999). Therefore, the team, with consultations of the director of the Nam Kading Nation Protected Area, Pak Kading Governor’s office director and 4 Pak Kading district counterparts, selected target villages and studies about the audience to be visited. Emphasize of the visit was to focus on communities located close and/or near major negative impacts to the Nam Kading NPA. Therefore, 22 villages were targeted. Preparing and Making Materials.

To make the campaign most effective in the ways that people can understand the meaning of each activity easier. The team developed materials used and matched for each activity. For instance: steel stand and backdrop for campaign slogan, Great Hornbill costume, etc.

Why it Worked

Pre-test

Pre testing is an important step that needs to be done to test the effectiveness and appropriateness of activities. Therefore, after the activities were selected and designed, a pretest was conducted in one village. After that all activities were review and improve to minimize the gap between receiver and sender (Belch and Belch, 1988).

Combination of Activities

After 4 activities were pre tested, then the team carried on those with the all the rest. Four activities included:

Candy competition Game Forest important song Spray Game Good Forest-Good Life Puzzle Game Wildlife Important song Rat and Rice Puzzle Game. Great Hornbill Costume Show.

The first activities emphasized the result of ignore to illegal and over harvesting on natural resources causes disappearance of all kinds of sources that they depend on( McKenzie and Smith, 1999). This attracted the audience’s attention and the game involved 18 participants and were asked to give the meaning and description of the game, instead of the team explained it. This minimized the gap of


differences between the team and the audiences (Belch and Belch, 1988). Therefore, by observation, audience seemed to get the key messages of this activity very well.

The second and third activities operated similar to the first. Start by the team representative singing one sentence-song “What can forest or wildlife do for us?” with all participants singing along, and asked volunteers to response whatever they think of about forest could do for them and their community.

To highlight the importance of forest, the SPRAY GAME was performed to portray how forest is important in term of preventing natural disasters such as: flood, drought and damage from storm. This was again conducted with volunteers who were asked to participate in the game to help explain the meaning of the game.

And along with the importance of wildlife song, RAT AND RICE puzzle game was presented to highlight the importance of wildlife in terms of controlling crop pests that will help villagers, mostly farmers, to reduce risk to lose crop product and cost of buying insecticide.

The Great Hornbill costume show: this is the highlight of the visit, After Great Hornbill showed off and introduced itself, the hornbill asked all participants who perceive what was the situation of the natural resources and importance of wildlife and forest to raise up hands and pledge conserving biodiversity in the NPA. Giving commitment in front of the costume and other participants in the meeting they are likely to follow what they promised (McKenzie and Smith, 1999). This would encourage people to reduce detrimental practices and acting for conservation works. For instance they might report illegal activities to authority, help to disseminate what they learnt from the campaign visit to others in the community.

Besides the above effective activities, there are other factors that contribute to the succeed of the campaign visit as following:

Daily Evaluation

After finishing campaign visits in each village, the team conducted a evaluation meeting to look back and evaluate the result and whole performance of the team, especially looking for weaknesses to improve. Finally, all members of the team give comments and the solutions for better performance in the day after.

Results

Refer to objectives 10, 11, and 12, of which this activity was supposed to address namely: a). people who answered at least 2 correct answers to the question ” Do you know how importance of forest is? ” in the campaign area increased significantly from 29% to over 70 % b). people answered at least 2 collect answers to the question” Do you know how you can assist in protecting biodiversity in the NPA?” In the campaign area increased from 13% before to over 45% after the campaign; and c). people answered 2 collect answers to the question “ Who do you think are important to assist in conserving the NPA?” increased from 20% before up to 35% after the campaign. Moreover, number of respondents who said” Don’t know” to the same question decreased from 26% to 4 % over campaign period.

More than half of people interviewed in the campaign area said that they themselves were important to conserving biodiversity in their community.

Most villagers and students invited the campaign team come back to visit them again it impressed them a lot. The team was told that the campaign was very entertaining and informative and they have never seen such a performance before. The campaign team was warmly welcomed in every village


that it visited. Especially, the great hornbill costume, some villager offered fruits and drinks for the costume performance. Many villages that the team visited have started talking about the great hornbill and conservation issues. Moreover, some students sang the forest and wildlife – important songs even before the team visit their schools. In addition, people and students recognized the great hornbill team even though they have only seen them in a pick up truck that used during the visits.

Great Hornbill Poster

The poster is very easy marketing product to produce and it is very portable material.

Process

Prior to print mass product, the campaign manager drafted the poster, one of the most important considerations beyond the design of the poster are 1). Attractive or eye catching and 2) word limitation but still maintain a clear perceivable content. Based on the function of the poster was to address only about the Great Hornbill as the flagship species and campaign to promote campaign key messages by linking the message from the poster to other campaign activities and products.

Selection of the target village

Based on the information from the pre questionnaire survey that illustrated that general public didn’t have so much knowledge about the great hornbill and it biological and regal status. That was why this poster targeted it audience as general public. Presumably, more people saw the poster more campaign was recognized and this would link to other activities with had more messages and needed more attention by the audience. Why it worked

Pre-test

Pre testing is an important step that needs to be done to test the effectiveness and appropriateness of activities. Therefore, after the activities was designed, a pre-test was conducted in three main-ethic target villages and with a set of question. This to make sure that all different ethnic group, in three different culture and dialect, in the area satisfy in the draft poster and were able to receive the intended messages in the poster clearly (Belch and Belch, 1988).

Design

Limit words: We realized that people might not take long time to stand in front of poster and reading for detail that is why this poster was limited words on it. However, it was designed to make sentences as clear as possible with the attractive Great Hornbill image in the middle to draw attention and future exploration by the readers.

Coloration

To make it attractive and eye catching, the color of the poster was designed to contrast with the lettering and the great Hornbill image so audience would be able to read and receiving intended messages on the poster.


Number of Posters

Due to the cheap cost of producing the poster therefore 10.000 posters were made and it was enough for every household in the campaign area to receive one copy. That meant, presumably, every single individual would be able to view the poster and at least see the image of the Great Hornbill. Dissemination

Prior to sending out the poster to all households in the campaign area. By the end of the village headmen training, 1 hour workshop was held to discuss what the best way to disseminate this poster to households in each village. Moreover, to maximize the impact of the poster in terms of increasing knowledge of the villagers toward the flagship species. Finally, all village headmen agreed to conduct workshop with their villager to explain the key messages in the poster and how this poster relates to upcoming-activities.

Cost Effectiveness

Fortunately, 3000 USD - fund raising application was submitted to Cooperation International For Development and Solidarity (CIDSE-Lao) and it was successful accepted.

Result

Great Hornbill was well known by all villagers in the area even villagers that the campaign didn’t visit and no other sources of channel to convey messages about the great hornbill to them. This meant the poster transferred Great Hornbill messages to the audience very well.

Refer to the set objectives that this poster was supported to address was carried out in satisfied results as following:

Respondents who said have heard of the Great Hornbill, increased from 61% to 100% Respondents who knew that the great Hornbill is in danger of dying out, from 26% to 77% who know that the great Hornbill is in the prohibited category, from 35% to 91%


What Didn’t Work Well in the Campaign

Popular Song

Even though these songs are an entertaining activity, and should be a good tool for educating people, especially children, however, in my campaign the popular songs didn’t work well for many reasons as stated below:

Process

Campaign manager didn’t have time to involve many stake holders in the planning process due limited time. Key messages of each song, 5 songs in this album, was drafted with few comments from only official counterparts.

Preparing and Making Materials

In the original work plan, popular song was not included in the plan, however lately in December 2006, the campaign manager was informed that there was an fund opportunity from Luxemburg Development-Bolikhamxay that interested to produce conservation education material in the campaign site. However, even the fund came through, it was too late for preparation to process the album in the participatory way, no pre-test was done with target audience.

Why it Didn’t Work Well

Song Contents

Even though the key messages were drawn from the objectives in which this activities would address. However, when it was up to the song writer stage, many other confusing messages were added into the album to make songs more entertained, based on song writer’s own impressions. Therefore, the songs were finalized with many aspects that made audience confused about the intended key massages. The key messages were diluted down and hidden among other messages of less importance.

Pre-test

Due to the time limited, this album was not pre tested and explored to the intended audience before producing the final album.

Lack of power sources and playing devices

In many villages in the campaign area there had no electricity available. Moreover, almost villages in remote areas didn’t have even generator and VCD player which were the main obstacles for receiving messages from the VCD.

Dissemination of the album

Based on the original disseminate plan that all finalized VCDs would divided into the even amount for each village, 20 for each village. It was waste to give VCDs away to the village which had no electricity and playing device. And villages that had electricity with many VCD players loose the opportunity to access to messages in the VCD.


Result

During the community visit people in the remote villages complained that all of the VCDs stayed at village headmen houses and even some received it but could not view it.

Billboard

Billboard is a good tool for conservation marketing in term of it large scale that contain large amount of information. Moreover, it lasts for a long period, so we can use it to market our target audience economically. However, In my campaign there were some reason that caused this product to be ineffective.

Why it didn’t work well

Billboard contents

There was too much text printed on it that made the billboard less attractive and took time to read the detail. This might made it not interesting and then messages did not reach the campaign targeted audiences properly.

Pre-test

Due to the large size of the billboard, therefore the actual sized billboard could not be brought to show to the targeted representative for the pre-test. However, A4 size re-scaled billboard was brought for pre-testing. This might be the reason that we could not receive the good comments to finalize the product lead by misperception of the purposes of it.

Set-up location of the billboard

In general, community hall is very small in each village which could not hold and safe the billboard properly and safely. Therefore, almost billboards might ended up set in the village headmen house, temple, village headman office which was visual for the general public.

Connection with others

The billboard was solely activities that address the objective about wildlife trade. Therefore, it seemed unlikely to give in-depth knowledge and understanding about the intended massages. In addition, the billboard is one way communication which might make it less effective.

The size of the billboard

The village headmen were advised to hang the billboard at any event which happens in the village, however, its large size and the space required is large creating a barrier for the headman to relocate a suitable place to hang it.

Result

During the post questionnaire survey, many villagers said they haven’t heard that there was a billboard but never seen it. Some people said they didn’t like it because it is too much text.


Chapter 7: Conclusion Social marketing is a significant component leading to effective conservation management. In undeveloped countries, conservation management always encounters local communities which live in the conservation sites who have been in the area before conservation agencies come to conduct management activities in these areas. In addition, low education levels among people in communities make the social marketing likely to be more important to archive conservation goals and objective.

The campaign started with studying the real situation in the site for three months. The purpose is to assess what the real problems and causes of these threats that mostly focus on knowledge and behavior that lead to unsustainable activities to forest and wildlife in communities. This is a significant step that helps the campaign to design the campaign work plan in the proper and effective way such as using SMART objectives, producing activities/products and monitoring approach.

This campaign is designed to increase knowledge and behavior change toward conservation for sustainable use. It is conducted in appropriate environment, adult and school students were the main target groups, however, other groups in communities were also secondary targets.

The design of the campaign intended to involve community members and school children with various learning styles by using attractive poster, badge, radio spot, popular song to community and school visits which are the interactive and dynamic techniques that allow target audiences to think and gain intended information by participation in the entire campaign visits.

Evaluations of the effectiveness of the campaign were done to measure knowledge and behavior change. The campaign monitoring is important, by comparing the pre and post questionnaire surveys which helps to measure how much people can retain intended knowledge and behavior change. In addition, it helps us to analyze effectiveness of each campaign activity and product for decision making for the future campaign development.

This campaign was applied through the social marketing approach modified from commercial marketing techniques those are worldwide- successful to generate income for business company. Therefore, it is highly recommended that social marketing must be a priority as part of the conservation process. Without these important intervention conservation efforts will never gain cooperation and commitment from local community for the greater success of conservation.

AbbreviationsDOF Department of Forestry WCS Wildlife Conservation SocietyPAFO Provincial Agriculture and Forestry OfficeDAFO District Agriculture and Forestry OfficePICO Provincial Information and Culture OfficeNPA National Protected AreaNTFPs Non Timber Forest Products MCU Mobile Conservation UnitINGO International Non Government Organization NGO Non Government Organization MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry PDR People’s Democratic Republic


Chapter 9: Acknowledgement Without supports from following people in terms of funds, advisories and assistances this campaign would never have been possible. Therefore, in very deep from my heart, I would like to sincerely thank to Ms. Edith Mac Bean, Russell E. Train and Mc Arthur Foundation to fund the whole campaign cost includes the cost work in Kent University, UK and field work in Nam Kading NPA, Bolikhamxay Province, Lao PDR. Beside that I would like to thank CIDSE-Lao and Luxemburg Development Lao to fund for some campaign activities that contributed to the succeed of this campaign. In addition, I would like to thank to RARE staff such as: Ms. Megan Hill, Ms. Rosemary Godfrey, Mr. Adam Murray and all RARE lectures to support me in many ways from teaching, logistics and advisories. I also want to thank all WCS Lao who supported to the whole process of the campaign. Significantly, I would like to thanks Lao government staff in all levels from provincial and district levels such as: Provincial Agriculture and Forestry Office, Integrated Environment and Wildlife Management Project, Provincial Information Office, Provincial Radio Station, District Governor Office, District education office, District Forestry office, District Education Office which all felicitate all kinds of permissions and logistic to smooth the campaign. Finally and significantly, I wish to thanks all community leaders and local participants who involve in the campaign and gave commitment to support conservation efforts for future of themselves and their generations.


Appendix 1: Pre-questionnaire survey Enumerator’s name ___________________________________Supervisor’s name ____________________________________Enumerator’s area code ________________________________Town or village name _________________________________Description of the area Rural Urban Urban or mixed

Gender of respondent Male Female

Respondent agree to be interviewedYes No

To begin I would like to ask you about yourself.

How old are you at your last birthday?<19 19-30 31-45 46-60 >60

How much formal school have you completed? No formal school Some primary school Primary school completed Some secondary school Secondary school completed Some school beyond secondary school

3. If you belong to a religion please tell me which religion. If you don’t belong to a religion please say none. Buddhism Ghost Catholic Other _____________

4. what’s your ethnic group?Lao Loum Lao Thueng Lao Soung

5. What’s your main occupation? Carpenter Civil servant (other than police officer) Teacher Farmer military police handicraft student Other ________

6. If you are currently employed and paid wages, please tell me the best description who you work for. If you are not currently employed and paid wages, please say not currently working for pay). Private company or business Government ( nation or local) NGO Individual person not currently working for pay other ________

7. People hear information about environment from many different sources. I am going to read you a list of sources from which you might hear information about environment, and I would like you to tell me weather you would find that source ( trust the most, very trust worthy, somewhat trustworthy, not trustworthy and don’t trust the most). After I have read all of these types to you, I would like you to pick one as a type of sources you would trust the most with the environment information.

A. Person from Radio Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

B. Person from Television


Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

C. District or provincial officer Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

D. Local community leader Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

E. Religious leader Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

F. Friend and family members Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

G. Environment outreach team Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

H. Teacher Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

I. Artist-singerTrust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

J. Others Trust the most Very trustworthy Somewhat trustworthy Not trustworthy Don’t trust the most

8. In the past month how many days did you watch the National television per week? Never 1-3 days 4-6days every days

A. what TV programs are your favorite? You can respond up to 2 programs. National News Sport Agriculture International news Environment No favorite program Don’t watch TV Others __________________________

B. When do you like to watch the National TV the most? Before 6 am 6-10 am 10am-2pm 2-6pm 6-8 pm after 8 pm Watch on and off Not sure

9. In the past month how many days did you listen to National radio per week? Never 1-3 days 4-6days every days

If the respondent (Never) listen to the radio, you can mark don’t listen to radio on the next 4 questions without asking the questions and go on to the next question.


A. When you listen to radio, what station is your preferred station? Please check up to three stations that you listen to the most.National AM 567 National AM 640 Provincial AMProvincial FM Don’t listen to radio Others__________

B. what radio program are your favorite? You can respond up to 2 programs. Morelum- Looktung song Lao-modern song international song Religious

Rotary announcement National news Drama Don’t listen to radio Others __________________

C. When do you like to listen to radio the most? Please check up to 2 times Before 6 am 6-10 am 10am-2pm 2-6pm 6-8 pm after 8 pm Watch on and off Not sure

10. Have you ever heard an animal called Great Hornbill? Yes Not sure/ Don’t know No

A. where do Great Hornbill live ? Ever green Forest Deciduous forest Grass land High field Not sure Don’t know Others ____________

B. Do you think Great Hornbill are endangered of dying out or not endangered of dying out? Not endangered of dying out endangered of dying out No great Hornbill left Not sure Others ________________

C Which category do you think Great Hornbill is in? Prohibited Sp Managed Sp Common Sp Don’t know

D. What do you think the most critical threats to Great Hornbill are? Cut down of forest Over hunting for bush meat By their natureThere is threat, but not sure Others ___________________________

E Do you know how important Great Hornbill is?Eating mass insect Watershed protection Seed dispersalDon’t know Others ________________________________

11. Do you think which wildlife category are prohibited to hunt at all season? Prohibited Sp Managed Sp All Sp Don’t know

A. when do you think is illegal to hunt managed wildlife species? May 01 – Oct 31 Nov 01 – Apr 30 at all time Don’t know

B. Do you think which hunting equipments are prohibited to use for hunting and fishing?All kind of snares All kind of guns Explosive PoisonCross brow Electric shock Don’t know Others _______

C. What is a penalty (if any), for he first of offence, for someone who is caught hunting wild animal illegally? No penalty Warning Fined double of the cost of animal Jail term Fined and jail term Don’t know the penalty Don’t know it is illegal Others_______________________


12. I am going to read you a series of statements, and I would like you to tell me weather you strong agree, agree, neutral or no opinion, disagree and strong disagree with each statement.?

A People who hunts wildlife illegally should be fined.Strong agree agree Neutral disagree strong disagree

B. Buying and selling bush meat in market is illegal? Strong agree agree Neutral disagree strong disagree

C. People who turn in the poacher and receives rewards should be shunned Strong agree agree Neutral disagree strong disagree

13. what will you do if you see or know someone have done something illegally to the NPA? Do nothing Report to village forester Report to village headman Report to district authority

14. In the past moth, have you heard anyone hunting bush meat in the NPA? Yes No Don’t know/not sure

15. Have you seen bush meat for sale in a local market? Yes No Don’t know/not sure

16. In the past month have anyone in your village been arrested for illegal practices in the NPA Yes No Don’t know/not sure

17. In the past month, have you ever talked with someone about bush meat? This might includes talking about buying or eating bush meat or law about bush meat, or anything related to bush meat. I will read you a list of people, please tell me weather you have talked with them about bush met in the past month.

A. your immediate family, includes spouse, children and parents Yes No Don’t know/not sure

B. Your extended family, such as in laws cousins, ankles/ aunts Yes No Don’t know/not sure

C. Your friends and neighbors Yes No Don’t know/not sure

D. Community leader, such as village headman, elders and religious leaderYes No Don’t know/not sure

E. Wildlife traders Yes No Don’t know/not sure

F. others Yes No Don’t know/not sure

18. I am going to ask you about number of ways in which you may or may not have heart about conservation messages in the past six months.

A. Seen a billboard about conservation issueYes No Don’t know/not sure


B. Seen a poster about conservation issueYes No Don’t know/not sure

C. Heart advertisement (spot) from radio about conservation issueYes No Don’t know/not sure

D. Heart advertisement (spot) from TV about conservation issueYes No Don’t know/not sure

E. Heart from CE unit Yes No Don’t know/not sure

F. Other conservation materials, such as book, stickers and so on Yes No Don’t know/not sure

19. What do you think conservation meaning is?Protection Sustainable use Preservation Don’t know

20 Do you know how wildlife is important for your community? ______________________________________________________________1 correct answer 2 correct answer 3 correct answer More than 3 correct answer None

21. Do you know how Forest is important for your community? ______________________________________________________________1 correct answer 2 correct answer 3 correct answer More than 3 correct answer None

22. Could you tell me, what benefit you and your community derive from the NPA?______________________________________________________________1 collect answer 2 collect answer 3 collect answer More than 3 collect answer None

23. Who do you think are important to involve in the NPA management? ______________________________________________________________1 correct answer 2 correct answer 3 correct answer More than 3 correct answer None

24. What do you think are the most critical threats to biodiversity in the NPA? ______________________________________________________________1 correct answer 2 correct answer 3 correct answer More than 3 correct answer None

25. How do you assist to conserve biodiversity in the NPA _____________________________________________________________________1 correct answer 2 correct answer 3 correct answer More than 3 correct answer None

26. Do you think wildlife trade is illegal or not? Yes No Don’t know/not sure

27. Could you tell me what are the negative impacts of wildlife trade?No impact Bring disease to people Destroy forest There are but not sure Support over hunting for sale Don’t know Others ___________


References 1Poonswad, P. and A.C.Kemp(1993). Manual to conservation of Asian Hornbill

Hornbill Project., Thailand Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok.

The Sacramento Zoological Society (Dec 2003), Great Hornbill [Online], Available from: http://www.saczoo.com/1_about/_animals/fact_sheets/great_hornbill2.pdf [7 Oct 2005]

I.D.L. Widmann (2004) Project WorplanDumaran Palawan, Philippines

Hesti Handayani Widiastuti Widodo. Project Komodo National Park-World Heritage-Site Project Labuan Bajo. Work plan January 2004

R.J. Timmins and J.W. Duckworth (1997). A Wildlife and Habitat Survey of Nam Kading NPA, Bolikhamxay province, Lao PDRWildlife Conservation Society Lao Program

Bolikhamxay Province Environmental inventory, March 2000 ( ministry of Communication Transportation, Post and Construction, IUCN and SIDA)

Regulation 0524 (2001). National Protected Areas and wildlife management. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

D.M.Mohr and W. Smith (1999). Fostering Sustainable Behavior An Introduction to community-Based Social Marketing

New Society Publishers, Gabriola Island B.C., Canada. R.A. Margoluis and N.N. Salafsky (1998)

Measure of Success: Designing, managing and monitoring Conservation and Development projectsIsland Press, Washington, D.C. Covelo, California

Pak Kading district annual socio-economic unpublished-report (2004)American Zoo and Aquarium Association 2000. Great Hornbill 98 Fact sheets (8/1/98) [Online],

available from http://nagonline.net/Fact%20Sheet%20pdf/AZA%20-%20Greater%20Hornbill%20Species%20Survival%20Plan.pdf) [Oct 7, 2005]

Bolikhamxay Province Environmental Inventory (March 2000)IUCN Lao PDR, VientianeAparajita Datta. An ecological study of sympatric hornbills and fruiting patterns in a tropical forest in

Arunachal Pradesh. [Online] available from http://www.wcsindia.org/images/newdocs/ rsfp/13.DOC [Oct 10, 2005]

McKenzie, D., and M.W. Smith (1999). Fostering sustainable behavior. Introduction Community-based Social Marketing. New Society Publishers, B.C, Canada.

Jacobson, S., M.S. McDuff, and M.C. Monroe. (2006). Conservation and Education and Outreach Techniques. OXORD University Press.

Vaughen, C., J. Gack, H. Solorazano, and R. Rat. 2003. The Effects of Environmental Education on Schoolchildren, Their Parents, and Community Members: A Study of Intergenerational and Intercommunity Learning. Journal of Environmental Education 34:12 -21.

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Documents

Final Report - rareplanet · Web viewPak Kading District is located in the west of Bolikhamxay Province at the mouth(Pak) of the Nam Kading River where it joins the Mekong River and,