No. JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA STUDY ON FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT In association with PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION DISASTER PREVENTION BASIC PLAN IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA March 2005 G E J R 05-027
METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF
VENEZUELA
STUDY ON
In association with
PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL
OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
DISASTER PREVENTION BASIC PLAN IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF
CARACAS IN THE BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
March 2005
G E
J R
JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) METROPOLITAN DISTRICT
OF CARACAS
BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA STUDY ON DISASTER PREVENTION BASIC
PLAN IN THE METROPOLITAN DISTRICT OF CARACAS IN THE BOLIVARIAN
REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA
FINAL REPORT SUPPORTING REPORT
PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL
In association with
OYO INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Estimated Base Cost: as of 2005 price Foreign Currency Exchange
Rate:
Currency Exchange Rate / US$
Venezuelan Bolivar (Bs) 1,919.10
FINAL REPORT
SUPPORTING REPORT
S3 EARTHQUAKE DISASTER PREVENTION
S5 BUILDING DATABASE
S7 FIELD TEST ON SEISMIC REINFORCEMENT OF BUILDINGS
S8 LIFELINE/INFRASTRUCTURE DATABASE
S12 DEBRIS FLOW AND SEDIMENT STUDY
S13 HYDROLOGY AND FLOOD ANALYSIS
S14 HISTORICAL SEDIMENT DISASTER
S16 FACILITY DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE
S17 COUNTERMEASURE FORSTEEP SLOPE FAILURE AND LAND SLIDE
S18 EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION
ii
S20 GIS OPERATION MANUAL
S21 DISASTER PREVENTION ADMINISTRATION/LEGISLATION
S23 PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATION FOR DISASTER PREVENTION
S24 SOCIAL SURVEY
S26 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION
S27 PROJECT EVALUATION
ADMC Government of the Metropolitan District of Caracas AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer AUAEV Unique Authority for Vargas State Reconstruction
AVU Analyzed Vulnerability Unit C/P Counterpart CAD Computer Aided
Design CADAFE Electric Administration and Development Anonymous
Company CAEL Action Committees for Local Emergencies CAF Andean
Development Foundation CAG Canadian Association of Geographers
CANTV National Anonymous Telephone Company of Venezuela
CAPCOMEA Project for Training of Communities for Self-protection,
Prevention, Mitigation and Attention of Adverse Events
CCSIEM Committee for Contingencies and Emergency Situations of
Miranda State CENAMB, UCV Center for Integral Environmental
Studies, Central University of Venezuela CESAP Center for the
Service of Popular Action CIDIAT Interamerican Center for
Environmental and Territorial Development and Research CLPP Local
Councils of public planning CNU National Council of Universities
COMIR, UCV Committee for Risk Mitigation, UCV CONAVI National
Housing Commission COVENIN Venezuelan Committee of Industrial
Standards DBMS Data Base Management System DIGITEL Digitel
Corporation C.A. DMC Metropolitan District of Caracas DTM Digital
Terrain Model EDELCA Electrification of Caroni C.A. EMS European
Microseismic Scale F/S Feasibility Study FAV Venezuelan Air Force
FEDE Foundation for Educational Buildings and Equipment FGDC
Federal Geographic Data Committee (USA) FONACIT National Fund of
Science, Technology and Innovation FONDUR National Fund for Urban
Development FUNDABARRIOS Foundation for Neighborhood Equipment
FUNDACOMUN Foundation for Community Development and Local Promotion
FUNREVI Regional Foundation for Housing FUNVI Housing Foundation,
DMC FUNVIS Social Investment Fund of Venezuela FUNVISIS Venezuelan
Foundation for Seismological Investigations GIS Geographic
Information System
ii
H/V Horizontal/Vertical HIDROCAPITAL Aqueduct Institute for Capital
District and Miranda and Vargas States IAEM Institute of Emergency
Attention of Miranda State IDEC-UCV Institution for the
Experimental Development of Construction, UCV IERU, USB Institute
of Regional and Urban Studies, USB IGVSB Simon Bolivar Geographic
Institute of Venezuela IMAS Water Service Institute of Sucre
Municipality IMF, UCV Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Central
University of Venezuela IMME, UCV Institute of Materials and
Structural Models, Central University of Venezuela INCE National
Institute of Educational Cooperation INE National Statistics
Institute INGEOMIN National Geological and Mining Institute INOS
Former name of HIDROCAPITAL (but in a national extent) INPARQUES
National Institute of Parks INTEVEP Venezuelan Technological
Institute of Petroleum
IPASME Ministry of Defense, Prevention and Social Assistance
Institute for the Education Ministry personnel
IPC Civil Protection Institute, Municipality of Sucre
IPCA Municipal Autonomous Institute of Civil Protection and
Environment, Chacao Municipality
ISC International Seismological Centre ITCZ Intertropical
Convergence Zone IUTB University Institute of Firefighting
Technology IVSS Venezuelan Institute of Social Security JICA Japan
International Cooperation Agency M/P Master Plan MARN Ministry of
Environment and Natural Resources MARNR Former Name of MARN MCT
Ministry of Science and Technology MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines
MES Ministry of Higher Education MINDUR Ministry of Urban
Development MINFRA Ministry of Infrastructure MMI Mercalli
Macroseismic (Modified) Intensity MOP Former Name of MINFRA MPD
Ministry of Planning and Development MSDS Ministry of Health and
Social Development MYCT Ministry of Science and Technology Nd
Damage Extension Ndp Number of Collapsed Poles NGO Non Government
Organization NIP Neighborhood Improvement Plan OCEI Former name of
INE OPR First Response Organization OPSU Planning Office of
University Sector
iii
PAHO Pan-American Health Organization PCAD Civil Protection
Administration of Disasters PDUL Local Urban Development Plan PDVSA
Petroleum of Venezuela S.A. PGA Peak Ground Acceleration PGV Peak
Ground Velocity PLACADE Planning in Case of Disasters (Metropolitan
Firefighters) PRECOM Office of Community Preparation, Metropolitan
Firefighters PREVENE Assistance to Natural Disaster Prevention in
Venezuela RC Reinforced Concrete REGVEN Venezuelan Geodesic Network
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCS Soil
Conservation Service (U.S.A.) SIRGAS Geocentral Reference System
for the Americas SOCSAL Local Support Service A.C. SPT Standard
Penetration Test SUMA Humanitarian Supply Management System S/W
Scope of Work TELCEL Telcel BellSouth of Venezuela TSU University
Technician UCV Central University of Venezuela UDU Urban Design
Unit ULA University of Los Andes UNDP United Nations Development
Programme UPEL Libertador Experimental Pedagogic University UPF
Physical Planning Unit USB Simon Bolivar University USGS United
States Geological Survey Vs S Wave Velocity WHO World Health
Organization
S1
“Preventive behavior for a safer Caracas”
Ana Teresa Aguilar
FINAL REPORT
SUPPORTING REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
1.2 Purpose of the Plan
----------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.3 Target Area
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.4 Target of
Protection----------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.5 Target Year
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-3
1.7 Structure of the Plan and Main Objectives of the
Plan------------------------------S1-4
1.8 Main Objectives and Major Projects of the
Plan-------------------------------------S1-4
1.9 Organization Framework
---------------------------------------------------------------S1-5
1.11 Earthquake Disaster Scenario
----------------------------------------------------------S1-5
1.12 Sediment Disaster Scenario
------------------------------------------------------------S1-5
ii
2.3 Promotion of Research for Mitigation Measures
------------------------------------S1-18 2.3.1 Research on
Earthquake Disaster Prevention ------------------------------S1-18
2.3.2 Research on Sediment Disaster Prevention
--------------------------------S1-19
CHAPTER 3 PREPARATION PLAN FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
3.1 Policy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-23
iii
4.1 Policy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-37
4.2 Organization
------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-37
CHAPTER 5 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
5.1 Policy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-39
5.3 Organization for Emergency Response with Early Warning
-----------------------S1-39 5.3.1
Organization--------------------------------------------------------------------S1-39
5.3.2 Mobilization of
OCC----------------------------------------------------------S1-39
5.3.3 Early Warning and Evacuation
Operation----------------------------------S1-40
5.5 Collaboration with Related
Agencies--------------------------------------------------S1-44
5.5.1 Request of Help from National Government
Agencies-------------------S1-44
iv
5.13 Emergency Transport Operation
-------------------------------------------------------S1-59 5.13.1
Metro
----------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-59
5.15
Security------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-61
5.15.1 Activities of the Police in Emergency
--------------------------------------S1-61
7.1 Policy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-65
7.2 Organization
------------------------------------------------------------------------------S1-65
7.4 Strategy for the Community
------------------------------------------------------------S1-66
7.4.1 Promotion of Disaster Prevention
Activities-------------------------------S1-66 7.4.2 Collaboration
with the
Government-----------------------------------------S1-66
Table S1-1.8.1 Organization Framework for Disaster
Management------------------- S1-6 Table S1-2.2.1 Financial Sources
for “Urban Planning for a Stronger Caracas”----- S1-20 Table
S1-2.2.2 Responsibility Table for “Urban Planning for a Stronger
Caracas” - S1-20 Table S1-2.2.3 Financial Sources for Reinforcement
of Buildings -------------------- S1-20 Table S1-2.2.4
Responsibility Table for “Retrofitting of Buildings”
------------------ S1-21 Table S1-2.2.5 Financial Sources for
Sediment Disaster Prevention Structures ----- S1-21 Table S1-2.2.6
Organization for Construction of Mitigation Measures for Sediment
Disaster ---------------------------------------------------------
S1-22
S1 - 1
Preface
The purpose of this “Caracas Disaster Management Draft Plan” is to
show an example of the structure of a comprehensive disaster
management plan for a regional government.
There are several reasons why this part of the supporting report
was prepared.
(1) This JICA study focused on “mitigation” and “preparation” parts
and for “emergency responses” and “rehabilitation” parts,
suggestions were made on the existing system according to the
agreement made prior to the Study. However, an integrated regional
disaster management plan should cover all the four stages of
disaster management.
(2) The format of the main report of the study is following the TOR
of JICA for the study and the report format is not always suitable
for a disaster management plan.
(3) The JICA Study covers only three municipalities of the area,
namely Libertador, Chacao and Sucre, while other two municipalities
are out of the scope of the Study.
Therefore, here, as one part of the Supporting Report of the Study,
a draft plan is presented taking a similar format of an integrated
regional disaster management plan in Japan, covering four stages of
disaster management and at the same time, covering the whole area
of the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
Because of lack of any national plan for disaster prevention in
Venezuela, the responsibilities of central government and the local
governments are not clear for preparation of a regional disaster
management plan. The responsibility for the central government and
the local governments are items which should have been defined in
the national disaster management plan. However, the Study Team
dares to define these items in this draft after discussion with the
counterpart team so that the authority can refer this draft when
they prepare the national plan for disaster management. In order to
be referred when the national disaster prevention plan or municipal
disaster prevention plan are prepared, “items to be included in the
national disaster prevention plan” and “items to be included in the
municipal disaster prevention plan” are added in each item of the
plan component.
As this is an only example of structure, some part of the draft is
direct translation from a Japanese example and may not reflect the
reality of the Metropolitan District of Caracas. It is necessary
for the Venezuelan side to review this draft plan and finalize
it.
S1 - 2
Summary of the Draft Plan
The grand vision of the Caracas Disaster Management Draft Plan
is;
“Caracas Safe, if the Prevention Lasts”.
The purpose of this plan is to establish a clear guideline which
shows all the government officials and the citizens in the
Metropolitan District of Caracas how to manage the natural
disasters which may attack the area in future and how to minimize
the damage on the human lives, the properties and the function of
the Area.
The target area of the plan is the whole area of the Metropolitan
District of Caracas including five municipalities. The targets of
protection from natural disasters are human lives, properties and
function of the capital city. The disaster types targeted are
earthquake disasters and sediment disasters (sediment disasters
area composed of debris flow, landslide and steep slope failure),
The target year of the plan is the year 2020 and the year 2012 is
the intermediate goal.
The plan is covering four stages of disaster management, namely
“mitigation”, “preparation”, “emergency response” and
“rehabilitations”.
The three main objectives of the plan are;
Making a Safer Caracas by (1) Retrofitting risky buildings in the
area,
(2) Reinforcing risky bridges in the area, and
(3) Constructing debris flow control structures.
(4) Promoting people to live away from risky area,
Acting Effectively in emergency by (5) Preparing Early Warning and
Evacuation System,
(6) Constructing Emergency Command Center, and
Strengthening of Coordination between the Government and the
Citizens (7) Strengthening of Community Activities.
The plan is elaborating policies realizing the above main
objectives and other objectives in order to attain the goal of
disaster management.
S1 - 3
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL
“Caracas Safe, if the Prevention Lasts”
As it is clearly stated in the above slogan of the plan, in order
to create a safer Caracas, it is absolutely necessary to develop
prevention measures in the plan.
The plan shows the way to create safer Caracas through the
realization of prevention measures and at the same time how to
prepare and act effectively in crisis in natural disasters.
1. 2 Purpose of the Plan
The purpose of this plan is to establish a clear guideline which
shows all the government officials and the citizens in the
Metropolitan District of Caracas how to manage the natural
disasters which may attack the area in future and how to minimize
the damage on the human lives, the properties and the function of
the capital city.
1. 3 Target Area
The target area for the plan is the Metropolitan District of
Caracas composed of five municipalities, namely Libertador, Chacao,
Sucre, Baruta and El Hatillo. The total area is 777 km2 and the
total population in the year 2001 is 3.1 million
1. 4 Target of Protection
The targets for protection from disasters are “human lives”,
“properties” and “function of the capital city”.
1. 5 Target Year
The target year of the plan is 2020. As the intermediate target,
the year 2012 is set as the intermediate goal.
1. 6 Target Disaster Types
The target disaster types are “earthquake disasters” and “Sediment
Disasters”. The sediment disasters include “debris flow disaster”,
“landslide disasters” and “steep slope disasters”.
S1 - 4
1. 7 Structure of the Plan and the Main Objectives of the
Plan
The plan is composed of chapters reflecting four stages of disaster
management, namely “mitigation”, “preparation for emergency
response”, “emergency response” and “rehabilitation/redevelopment”.
“reparation stage” was divided into “preparation plan” and
“stand-by plan”. One chapter for “people’s participation for
invulnerable Caracas” was added. Mitigation Plan
Seismic Retrofitting of
Buildings-----------------------------------------major
project
Mitigation Measures for
Transportation----------------------------------major project
Mitigation Measures for Lifelines
Mitigation Measures for Dams
Early Warning for Sediment Disaster
Prevention-----------------------major project
Establishment of Emergency Command
Center-------------------------major project
Trainings and Drills
Preparation of Communication System
Preparation of Equipments
Establishment of Emergency Transportation System
Stockpiling of Goods
Support for Volunteers
Stand-by Plan
Strengthening of Community
Activities---------------------------------major project
1. 8 Main Objectives and Major Projects of the Plan
The three main objectives and seven major projects of the plan are
defined as;
S1 - 5
Objective 1: Making a Safer Caracas
(1) In order to protect human lives and properties from earthquake
disasters, to reinforce the risky
buildings in the area.
(2) In order to protect function as the capital city from
earthquake disasters, to reinforce risky bridges in
the area.
(3) In order to protect human lives and properties from debris flow
disasters, to construct debris flow
control structures.
(4) In order to protect human lives and properties from earthquake
disasters or sediment disasters, to
promote the people living in the risky area to resettle.
Objective 2: Acting Effectively in Emergency
(5) In order to protect human lives from sediment disasters, to
establish an early warning and evacuation
system.
(6) In order to protect human lives, properties and function as the
capital city, an emergency command
center is established as the center of disaster management.
Objective 3: Strengthening the Coordination between the Government
and the Citizens
(7) In order to promote mitigation and preparation measures for
disaster prevention, to strengthening the
community activities for disaster prevention.
1. 9 Organization Framework
Table S1-1.8.1 shows the organization framework for the disaster
management of the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
1. 10 Natural Features of the Area
Refer to Chapter 2, 3 and 4 of the Main Report
1. 11 Earthquake Disaster Scenario
Refer to Chapter 3 and 6 of the Main Report
1. 12 Sediment Disaster Scenario
Refer to Chapter 4 and 6 of the Main Report
1. 13 Social Vulnerability of the Area
Refer to Chapter 5 of the Main Report
S1 - 6
emergency response
Fire Fighters, ADMC
Key actor Key actor Key actor - Key actor
Ministry of Infrastructure
CHAPTER 2. MITIGATION PLAN
2. 1 Policy
In the disaster management cycle, the mitigation measures are the
firmest measures to reduce risk. Because of the necessity of a long
term planning and comparatively large investment cost, this part of
the disaster management cycle has not been focused in the area so
far.
However, because of the significance of it, the mitigation measures
take the first position in this disaster management plan.
Mitigation is the first thing to be done for disaster
prevention.
2. 2 Mitigation Measures
2. 2. 1. General
Mitigation measures are composed of “urban planning for
invulnerable Caracas”, “seismic reinforcement of buildings”,
“mitigation measures against sediment disasters”, “mitigation
measures for dams”, “mitigation measures for transportation”,
“mitigation measures for lifelines” and “mitigation measures for
hazardous materials”.
The responsibility of mitigation measures lies in various related
parties, from a ministry of the central government to an individual
citizen who owns a house. In this plan, the policy of mitigation
projects
S1 - 7
is described together with the institutional frame work for the
implementation and the prospective financial sources.
2. 2. 2. Urban Planning for Less Vulnerable Caracas
(1) Land Use Planning
The land use planning shall be made by each municipality mayor,
referring the hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC. Mayors
of the municipalities shall make efforts to encourage citizens
living away from risk by applying the land use plan of the
municipalities.
(Section in Charge of Urban Planning of Each Municipality)
(2) Housing Development Regulation
The application of housing development shall be permitted by each
municipality mayor, referring the hazard maps prepared by the Mayor
of the ADMC. Mayors of the municipalities shall make efforts to
curtail further housing development in risky area in order to
restrain the increase of the number of houses in risky areas.
(Engineers Department of Each Municipality)
(3) Resettlement from Risky Areas (one of the major projects)
The mayor of each municipality shall promote the resettlement of
people in risky area along the mountain streams indicated in the
debris flow hazard map prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(Civil Protection Department of Each Municipality)
(4) Financial Sources
The financial sources for “urban planning for a strong Caracas” are
proposed as shown in Table S1-2.2.1.
(5) Organization
The responsibilities for “urban planning for a strong Caracas” are
proposed as shown in Table S1-2.2.2.
(6) Legal Background
The laws to support the project “urban planning for invulnerable
Caracas” are as follows;
S1 - 8
- Official Gazette No.0016, 2003
(7) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan 1)
basic policy of “living away from risky area” 2) basic policy of
preparation of hazard maps and land use planning 3) basic policy of
housing development regulation 4) basic policy on resettlement of
people from risky area 5) organization plan for the policy on
“living away from risky area”.
(8) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in
their disaster prevention plan 1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor
of the ADMC 2) land use planning 3) housing development regulation
4) resettlement plan of people in risky area
2. 2. 3. Seismic Reinforcement of Buildings (one of the major
projects)
(1) Basic Policy
Seismic reinforcement of buildings is the most important project in
this disaster management plan. It is the only certain way to save
lives of the people in case of an earthquake. The retrofitting
policy is defined taking into account the importance of each
building in terms of function and significance.
(2) Reinforcement of Command Center Buildings
For the uninterrupted effective disaster management, the command
center buildings should be strong enough to withstand the most
severe disaster scenario.
The buildings falling into this category are as follows;
- the emergency command center of the central government
- the emergency command center of ADMC
- the office of the president of the country
- the office of the mayor of the ADMC
S1 - 9
- the office of the Ministry of Interior and Justice
- the office of the National Civil Protection
- the office of the Metropolitan Civil Protection
- the office of the Municipality Civil Protection
This category has the first priority. The building code to be
applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(central government and local government)
(3) Reinforcement of Other Government Buildings for Disaster
Management
Other government buildings for disaster management operation are
also strong enough to withstand the most severe disaster
scenario.
The buildings falling into this category are as follows;
- the offices of fire fighters of ADMC
- the offices of the Metropolitan Police
- the offices of the Municipality Police
- public schools for emergency evacuation buildings
- public and private hospitals for medical treatment services
This category has the second priority. The building code to be
applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(central government and local government)
(4) Reinforcement of Public Buildings
There are many public buildings in the area, which are privately
owned but have public natures. These buildings shall have strength
enough to protect the human lives in a large number.
The buildings falling into this category are as follows
S1 - 10
- other buildings for public assembly
This category has the third priority. The building code to be
applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(owners of the buildings, central government and local
government)
(5) Reinforcement of Apartment Buildings
There exist many public and private apartment buildings where a
large number of families live in one building. Considering the
significant effect of such buildings once they collapse, they
require more strength
The buildings falling into this category are as follows;
- apartment buildings with the number of apartment five or
more
This category has the fourth priority. The building code to be
applied for reinforcement is 2001 building code.
(owners of the buildings, central government and local
government)
(6) Reinforcement of Private Houses in Formal Urban Areas
Private flat houses are the majority in the formal area. In order
to reduce the risk of loss of human lives, reinforcement of private
flat houses in the formal area are promoted according to the
different way from public buildings.
S1 - 11
The building code to be applied for reinforcement can be selected
by the owner of each building depend upon the degree of
conservativity against earthquake risks. The owner shall be able to
access to hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC as well as
the alternative reinforcement methodologies prepared by the
municipal mayors.
The Civil Protection of the ADMC and the Civil Protection of each
municipality government shall promote reinforcement of private
houses in urban area through publication and education.
This category has the fifth priority and the building code to be
applied for reinforcement is selected by the building owners but
2001 building code is recommended.
(owners of the buildings, central government and local
government)
(7) Reinforcement of Barrio Houses
Barrio houses are the most vulnerable houses in the area in terms
of damage function. In order to save the large number of lives of
the people living in barrio area, the central and the local
government shall make efforts to promote reinforcement of barrio
houses, through community education, promotion of community
activity and enforcement of incentives as subsidy of the
cost.
The category has the fifth priority and the reinforcement method
shall be recommended by the relevant authorities of the
government.
(owners of the buildings, central government and local
government)
(8) Technical Procedure for Reinforcement
The technical procedure for reinforcement shall be composed of four
steps as; 1st step rapid visual screening
2nd step detail seismic evaluation
3rd step seismic reinforcement design
4th step seismic reinforcement
(9) Financial Sources
The financial sources for the series of procedures for each
category of buildings are shown in Table S1-2.2.3.
(10) Promotions
S1 - 12
- In order to promote reinforcement of risky buildings in barrio,
the Ministry of Housing and Habitat shall include reinforcement
plan of barrio houses when they prepare barrio renewal
programs.
2) Municipality Mayors
In order to promote reinforcement of risky buildings, the mayors of
the municipalities shall take the following measures;
- to designate “official notice sign of seismic safety” and let the
owner of the public buildings to put the notice sign at the
entrance of the building once the building is verified as strong
enough or once the building is reinforced.
- to reduce property tax on the conditions that the building is
strong enough or the building was reinforced.
(11) Organization
The organizations in charge of this reinforcement of buildings are
shown in Table S1-2.2.4.
(12) Legal Background
(13) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention
Plan
1) basic policy on reinforcement of risky buildings
2) building code to be applied
3) basic policy on incentives for reinforcement of buildings
4) organization plan for the policy on reinforcement of risky
buildings
(14) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in
their disaster prevention plan
1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC
2) rapid visual screening plan
3) reinforcement plan of the municipality
S1 - 13
(1) Debris Flow Control Structures (one of the major
projects)
The central government shall make efforts to implement the
construction of debris flow control structures in order to
safeguard the human lives, properties and function as the capital
city of the Metropolitan District of Caracas referring the proposal
made by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
(2) Improvement of Drainage Structures in Barrio Area
The Mayors of municipalities shall make efforts to improve drainage
structures of the barrio area in order to safeguard the human lives
and properties as proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC and the Central
University of Venezuela.
(Engineers Department, Each Municipality)
(3) Steep Slope Failure and Landslide Prevention Structures
The Mayors of municipalities shall make efforts to implement the
construction of steep slope failure and landslide prevention
structures in order to safeguard the human lives, property and
function as the capital city of the Metropolitan District of
Caracas proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC.
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make efforts to implement the
construction of steep slope failure and landslide prevention
structures in order to safeguard the function of major road network
in the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
(Engineers Department of Each Municipality, Ministry of
Infrastructure)
(4) Conservation of Mountain Areas
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources shall make
efforts to conserve the forest of the sources of the mountain
streams in order to impede the occurrence of debris flow from the
mountain area.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
S1 - 14
- Environment Law
- Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters
(8) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy of sediment disaster prevention in the whole
country
2) organization plan for sediment disaster prevention in the whole
country
(9) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
Each municipality in the area shall include the following items in
their disaster prevention plan
1) hazard maps prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC
2) improvement plan of barrio drainage structures in the area
3) improvement plan of risky slopes in the area
2. 2. 5. Mitigation Measures for Dams
(1) Dam Safety
The owner of the dams in the area shall investigate the safety of
their dams taking into account the disaster scenario earthquakes
and disaster scenario rainfalls proposed by the Mayor of the ADMC.
The owner of the dams also shall implement necessary measures to
enhance the safety of the dams in case they found any deficiency of
dame safety after investigation.
(Hydrocapital)
(2) Financial Sources
The owner of the dams will investigate and implement the safety
measures by their own expenses.
(3) Organization
The owner of the dams in the area is Hydrocapital and they are in
charge of the project.
S1 - 15
(4) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy on dam safety in the whole country
2) organization plan for dam safety
(5) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
None
2. 2. 6. Mitigation Measures for Transportation
(1) Roads (one of the major projects)
The owners of the road shall diagnose the safety of all the
important bridges in the area considering the earthquake scenario
of 1812 and shall make efforts to implement reinforcement of those
bridges.
(Ministry of Infrastructure, municipalities)
(2) Metro
The owner of Metro shall diagnose the safety of the structure of
Metro according to the 1812 earthquake scenario prepared by the
Mayor of the ADMC and shall make efforts to implement reinforcement
of those structures.
The owner of Metro shall diagnose the safety of the entrances of
Metro stations according to the 100 year debris flow scenario
prepared by the ADMC and shall make efforts to implement necessary
measures to avoid submergences of stations by flood water.
(Metro company)
(3) Airport and Heliport
Owners of airport and heliport shall diagnose the safety of the
structures of airports and heliports according to the 1812
earthquake scenario prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall
make efforts to reinforce the structures if it is necessary.
(Air Force, Private owners)
The financial sources for improvement of facilities considering the
disaster scenarios are owners of the facilities.
S1 - 16
(5) Organization
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make recommendations to the owner of
the facilities above to improve their facilities taking into
account the risk simulated by the Mayor of the ADMC.
Organizations in charge of the improvement of the facilities
considering the disaster scenarios are owner of the
facilities.
(6) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for transportation in the
country
2) organization plan for mitigation measures for
transportation
(7) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
1) assessment result of road and bridge safety against earthquake
scenarios
2) improvement plan of road and bridges in the municipalities
2. 2. 7. Mitigation Measures for Lifelines
(1) Electricity
Owners of electricity facilities in the area shall make efforts to
diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario
and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make
efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Electricity Company of Venezuela)
(2) Gas
Owners of gas supply facilities in the area shall make efforts to
diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario
and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make
efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(PDVSA)
(3) Communication
Owners of telecommunication facilities in the area shall make
efforts to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812
earthquake scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the
ADMC and shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the
system.
(CANTV, NetUNO, Telcel)
(4) Water Supply
Owners of water supply facilities in the area shall make efforts to
diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake scenario
and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and shall make
efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Hydrocapital, IMAS)
(5) Sewerage
Owners of water sewerage facilities in the area shall make efforts
to diagnose the safety of the system based on 1812 earthquake
scenario and proposed methodology by the Mayor of the ADMC and
shall make efforts to reinforce necessary part of the system.
(Hydrocapital, IMAS)
(6) Financial Sources
The owner of the public facilities have to check the safety of
their facilities and have to take necessary measures considering
the public nature of their facilities.
(7) Organization
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make recommendations to the owner of
the facilities above to improve their facilities taking into
account the risk simulated by the Mayor of the ADMC.
Organizations in charge of the improvement of the facilities
considering the disaster scenarios are owner of the
facilities.
(8) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for lifelines in the
country
2) organization plan for mitigation measures for lifelines in the
country
(9) Items to be Included in Municipal Disaster Prevention
Plan
None
(1) Gas Station
The owners of gas station shall make efforts to diagnose the safety
of their facilities considering the 1812 earthquake scenario
prepared by the Mayo of the ADMC and take necessary measures if
necessary.
(2) Financial Sources
The owners of gas station have to check the safety of their
facilities and have to take necessary measures considering the
public nature of their facilities.
(3) Organization
The owner of gas station is responsible for all the
countermeasures.
(4) Items to be Included in National Disaster Prevention Plan
1) basic policy on mitigation measures for hazardous
materials
2) organization plan on mitigation measures for hazardous
materials
2. 3 Promotion of Research for Mitigation Measures
2. 3. 1. Research on Earthquake Disaster Prevention
(1) Research on Seismic Building Reinforcement
FUNVISIS and other research institutions on earthquake engineering
shall make efforts to research on seismic reinforcement of building
in the area. Much effort shall be needed for research on
vulnerability of barrio houses and reinforcement techniques of
barrio houses.
(FUNVISIS)
(2) Research on Seismic Bridge Reinforcement
FUNVISIS, the Technical Committee that elaborates the COVENIN norms
and other research institutes on earthquake engineering shall make
efforts to research on seismic reinforcement of bridges in the
area.
(FUNVISIS)
(1) Research on Debris Flow Control Structures
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources and other research
institutes on sediment control structures shall make efforts to
research on sediment control structures in the area.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
(2) Research on Urban Drainage Structures in Formal Urban
Area
Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources, each municipalities
and other research institutions on urban drainage structures shall
make efforts to diagnoses the configuration of urban drainage
structures in the area to access the drainage capacity and problems
of urban drainage in the area considering the debris flow scenario
prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
(3) Research on Drainage Structures in Barrio Area
Ministry of Infrastructure, the Central University of Venezuela,
municipalities shall make efforts to research on better methods of
drainage improvement of barrio area.
(Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources)
S1 - 20
Table S1-2.2.1 Financial Sources for “Urban Planning for a Stronger
Caracas” Item Financial Sources
Land Use Planning Municipality government Housing Development
Regulation Municipality government
Resettlement from Risky Areas Municipality government, Ministry of
Housing
Table S1-2.2.2 Responsibility Table for “Urban Planning for a
Stronger Caracas” Organization Responsibility
Metropolitan Civil Protection -Preparation of hazard maps and risk
maps Secretary of Urban Planning and
Environment, ADMC -Coordination among municipalities
Urban Planning Dep. of Each Municipality
Engineers Department of Each Municipality
Civil Protection Department of Each Municipality
-Preparation of a land use plan -Enforcement of the land use plan
-Regulation of housing development -Resettlement of people living
in risky area
Table S1-2.2.3 Financial Sources for Reinforcement of Buildings
Command
Center Buildings
Barrio Houses
Design government government Owner Owner Owner Owner Reinforcement
government government Owner Owner Owner Owner
S1 - 21
Ministry of Housing - legislation of policy and procedure for
seismic
reinforcement of buildings
- to implement barrio improvement projects FUNVISIS - establishment
of building code
- establishment of rapid visual screening method Metropolitan
government - preparation of risk maps of ADMC
- preparation of ordinances for the purpose
- preparation of barrio houses reinforcement policy
- to implement government building reinforcement
Municipality government - preparation of ordinances for the
purpose
- rapid visual screening
- to implement government building reinforcement
Private consultants - detail seismic diagnosis
- design of seismic reinforcement
and apartment buildings
policy of the government
front of their buildings
houses
structures Drainage Structures
Prevention Structures
Implementation MARN Municipality Municipality/Ministry of
Infrastructure Maintenance Municipality Municipality
Municipality/Ministry of Infrastructure
S1 - 22
Table S1-2.2.6 Organization for Construction of Mitigation Measures
for Sediment Disaster
Organization Responsibility
debris flow control structures
- watershed management FUNVISIS/INGEOMIN - study on risky
slopes
Metropolitan Civil Protection - identification of risky
slopes
Municipality Office - maintenance of debris flow control
structures
- slope protection structures
3. 1 Policy
In disaster management cycle, the preparation measures are
essential for effective emergency response. Therefore, the
preparation for emergency response comes after the mitigation
measures in the disaster management plan.
3. 2 Preparation Plan
3. 2. 1. Organization
The organization set up for preparation plan for emergency response
is defined according to the level of the institution, namely, the
Metropolitan level and the municipality level.
(1) Organization of ADMC
The organizations of preparation for emergency response in the ADMC
are described below.
- Mayor
- Operation Control Center
- Metropolitan Civil Protection
- Metropolitan Police
1) Mayor
The Mayor of the ADMC is the maximum executive authority on the
matter of civil protection and disaster attention as defined in the
Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters;
The Governor and the Mayor in their respective territorial ambits
are the maximum executive authority on the matter of Civil
Protection and Disasters Attention
2) Coordination Committee for Civil Protection and Disaster
Management
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters says;
S1 - 24
The State and Municipalities will have to structure and maintain a
Coordination Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of
Disasters
The function of the “Coordination Committee for Civil Protection
and Disaster Management” is defined in the DECREE No. 219, dated
4th of March of 2004 as;
The Metropolitan Coordinator Committee of Civil Protection and
Disasters Administration has the following functions: (1) To plan,
coordinate and develop activities with the agencies of the
national, state and
municipal public powers, likewise with public and/or private
institutions. (2) To promote and coordinate the measures for the
prevention, education, protection,
mitigation, attention, recovery and administration from disasters
in the Metropolitan District of Caracas.
3) Operation Control Center
a) Organization of Operation Control Center
The Mayor of the ADMC shall designate the Operation Control Center
(OCC), which has a command function of emergency response during
the emergency situation of natural disasters.
The organization of the Operation Control Center is as
follows;
Head; the Mayor of the ADMC Location; the Emergency Command Center
(to be constructed newly) Organization; - command unit the Mayor of
the ADMC the Secretary of Citizen Security - planning unit the
Director of Metropolitan Civil Protection - operation unit the
Firefighter Brigade Major of the ADMC the Metropolitan Police
General Director the Secretary of Health - logistic unit the
Secretary of General Affairs - financial unit the Secretary of
Finance
S1 - 25
- Command Unit
This unit functions as the commander of all the disaster management
organizations of the ADMC during the emergency. The chief commander
is the Mayor of the ADMC and the assistant commander is the
Secretary of Citizen Security of the ADMC.
- Planning Unit
This unit functions as the planning force including data
collection, data analysis and emergency plan for effective response
during the emergency. This unit shall provide the command unit with
proper information, which facilitates the command unit to give
correct judgment.
- Operation Unit
This unit functions as the operation unit under the command unit
and act effectively during the emergency situation.
- Logistics Unit
This unit functions for the logistic operation during the emergency
period and facilitate the whole function of the Operation Control
Center.
- Finance Unit
This unit functions as financial support during the emergency
period and enable the Operation Control Center to implement
necessary measures to cope with the situation.
4) Metropolitan Civil Protection
S1 - 26
The responsibility of metropolitan civil protection is defined as
follows in the Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection
and Administration of Disasters;
To Define and approve the plans of civil protection, preparation
and attention of disasters of the states and municipalities, in
accordance with the guidelines emanated from the National
Coordinating Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of
Disasters
- To contribute with functional and operational resources for the
services of prevention and fire-fighting, and of search and rescue
that exist within the geographic areas of their
responsibility.
- The promotion and development of citizen self-protection.
- To design plans and develop educational and training programs for
the communities in local practice of risk management and civil
defense.
- The promotion and functional support in the development and
maintenance in training and qualification of the personnel of
services, which are related to the Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters.
5) Fire Fighters and Police
The responsibilities of fire fighters and police are defined as
follows in the Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection
and Administration of Disasters;
Organizations of Primary Attention: These are the agencies of
Citizen Security whose natural mission is the attention of
emergencies, such is the case of the bodies of policemen and
firemen.
(2) Organization of Other Institutions
The responsibilities of national institutions, private companies of
utilities, and other support agencies shall be defined in the
National Disaster Prevention Plan.
1) Ministries and Private Companies of Utilities
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters says,
Organizations of Secondary Attention: These are public or private
institutions that, by virtue of their specialty or resources and in
the presence of an emergency, can be called by the Organizations of
primary attention to collaborate in the attention.
S1 - 27
2) Red Cross, Universities and others
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters says,
Organization of Support: These are public or private institutions
that, of eventual manner, may contribute resources or necessary
information in the process of protection and administration of
disasters.
(3) Organization of municipalities
The Law of the National Organization of Civil Protection and
Administration of Disasters says,
The governments of the states and municipalities will have to count
with their own Organizations of Civil Protection and Administration
of Disasters in accordance with the present Law Decree.
The State and Municipalities will have to structure and maintain a
Coordination Committee of Civil Protection and Administration of
Disasters
The organizations of preparation for emergency response in the
municipalities are described below. The responsibilities of these
organizations shall be defined in the Municipality Disaster
Prevention Plan.
- Coordination Committee for Civil Protection and Disaster
Management
- Municipality Civil Protection
(1) Trainings
The Mayor of the ADMC shall give training to all the personnel of
the organization in order to act effectively in the case of
emergency for disaster management.
The training will include comprehension of the disaster management
plan, especially the disaster scenarios presented in the form of
hazard maps and risk maps.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
S1 - 28
(2) Drills
The Mayor of the ADMC shall organize emergency response drills in
order to train the personnel of ADMC and the citizens in the case
of disaster emergency. The participants for the drills are the
ADMC, the municipalities, lifeline owners, community disaster
prevention organizations, schools and volunteers.
The Metropolitan Protection Civil shall prepare a manual to be used
by the Metropolitan government personnel in order to instruct them
how to act effectively in emergency cases.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection Department)
1) drills on maps
- The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills
on maps including related governmental agencies in order to
practice effective emergency response.
- The Municipal Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills on
maps including community in order to practice effective emergency
response.
2) drills in the field
- The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall organize an emergency
drill in the field, once a year during the first week of May,
including related governmental agencies in order to practice
effective emergency response.
- The Municipal Civil Protection shall organize emergency drills in
the field including community in order to practice effective
emergency response, aiming on the same day when the Metropolitan
Civil Protection organizes a drill in the field.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection Department, Municipal Civil
Protection)
3. 2. 3. Establishment of Regional Network for Emergency
Response
(1) Agreement of Mutual Cooperation with Neighbor States
The Mayor the ADMC shall make efforts to establish agreements with
neighbor states such as Vargas State and Miranda State for mutual
cooperation during emergency cases considering the earthquake
scenario of 1967.
The agreements will include the following items;
- provision of required materials and equipments for emergency
response and emergency recovery
S1 - 29
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
(2) Agreement of Mutual Cooperation among Five Municipalities
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to collaborate for
implementation of agreements among five municipality mayors for
mutual cooperation during emergency cases considering the
earthquake scenario of 1967.
The agreements will include the following items;
- provision of required materials and equipments for emergency
response and emergency recovery
- provision of required goods for emergency response
- dispatch of personnel for emergency response operations
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
3. 2. 4. Establishment of Emergency Response Facilities
(1) Utilization of Existing Parks in the Area
The public parks in the area are valuable resources for emergency
evacuation spaces. The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to
establish agreements with the park administrators so that those
resources can be fully utilized during emergency.
The agreements will include the following items;
- definition of the occasion when the park is utilized as emergency
evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the park
- security of the area during the time when it is used as emergency
evacuation place
- the maximum duration that can be utilized as evacuation
place
- introduction of police force to keep the order in the area
- publication of the name of the parks for dissemination of the
information
S1 - 30
(2) Utilization of Existing Large Public Spaces in the Area
The Mayor of the AMDC shall make efforts to establish agreements
with the owners of the large public spaces so that those resources
can be fully utilized in the case of emergency.
The large public spaces to be designated as the emergency
evacuation spaces are as follows;
The agreements will include the following items;
- definition of the occasion when the building is utilized as
emergency evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the building
- security of the building during the time when it is used as
emergency evacuation place
- the maximum duration that can be utilized as evacuation
place
- introduction of police force to keep the order in the area
- publication of the name of the buildings for dissemination of the
information
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
(3) Utilization of Existing Public School Buildings in the
Area
The public school buildings means those schools with open spaces
for evacuation space such as a gymnasium or a school yard.
The Mayor of the AMDC shall make efforts to establish agreements
with the owners of the public school buildings so that those
resources can be fully utilized in the case of emergency.
The agreements will include the following items;
- definition of the occasion when the building is utilized as
emergency evacuation place
- condition of the utilization of the building
- security of the building during the time when it is used as
emergency evacuation place
- the maximum duration that can be utilized as evacuation
place
- introduction of police force to keep the order in the area
S1 - 31
- publication of the name of the buildings for dissemination of the
information
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
(4) Community Emergency Evacuation Spaces
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish community
emergency evacuation spaces for each community collaborating with
municipality mayors. The Mayor of the ADMC shall propose the
necessary spaces and locations of community emergency spaces to the
municipality mayors.
The municipality mayors shall make efforts to establish agreements
with the owner of the buildings for the utilization of the
buildings for such purpose.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
(5) Emergency Evacuation Spaces in Neighbor States
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish agreements
with governors of neighbor states on the provision of emergency
evacuation space considering the scenario of 1967 earthquake.
(Metropolitan Civil Protection)
3. 2. 5. Preparation of Equipments
The municipality mayors and the Mayor of the ADMC shall make
efforts to establish stockpiling of equipments necessary for
emergency response. Required equipments are categorized as;
(1) equipments for people
- flood light
- air jack
- hydraulic jack
- gloves
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish stockpiling
of equipments necessary for rescue operation in a large area.
equipments for rescue operation
3. 2. 6. Establishment of Medical Service System
(1) Establishment of Area Network Medical Service Center
The Mayor of the ADMC shall establish an area network medical
service center in the area. This center shall have complete
database of hospitals, clinics, doctors, nurses, ambulances
together with the database of lifeline and road network. It also
has the disaster management information database prepared by the
Mayor of the ADMC by which the disaster scenario can be
reviewed.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall direct dispatching of medical rescue
teams and transporting patients in the case of emergency according
to the information of the center.
S1 - 33
(2) Establishment of Area Medical Service Information Network
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish the
information network on area medical service, which is based in the
Area Network Medical Service Center.
(3) Establishment of Principle Hospitals for Emergency Medical
Service
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to designate principle
hospitals in the area for emergency medical service and shall make
efforts to reinforce the buildings to the level where they will
withstand the 1812 scenario and their medical service can be
maintained in the case of emergencies.
(4) Stockpiling of Medicines
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to stockpile medicines for
emergency use in the Area Network Medical Service Center or
principle hospitals in the area. The stockpiling plan shall be
prepared by the Area Network Medical Service Center taking into
account the disaster scenario of 1967.
(5) Database of Doctors
The Area Network Medical Service Center shall carry out training
for personnel on emergency rescue operation and emergency medical
services.
The Area Network Medical Service Center shall have a database of
doctors and volunteer doctors in order to mobilize in
emergency.
3. 2. 7. Establishment of Emergency Transportation System
(1) Emergency Road Network
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make a plan of emergency road network
considering the earthquake scenario of 1967. The police offices of
the ADMC and municipality police offices shall make a plan of
emergency road transportation according to the emergency road
network plan prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
(2) Emergency Heliport
The Mayor of the ADMC shall establish a plan for emergency heliport
in the area.
S1 - 34
(1) Policy
- During three days after a large scale disaster, it may be
difficult to bring necessary goods from outside of the area and it
is necessary to stockpile goods within the area.
- The Mayor of the ADMC and municipality mayors shall promote
citizens to stockpile three days of foods, water and daily goods at
home or at the office.
- The municipality mayors shall make efforts to stockpile goods for
emergency service considering the earthquake scenario of 1967
prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to supplement the
stockpile of municipalities assuming the number of refugee from the
scenario earthquake of 1967.
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall stockpile three days of foods for the
emergency operation personnel of the ADMC.
(2) Foods
The target people for food stockpiling plan is as follows;
- Refugees in the evacuation place
- Citizens who can not cook at home because of damaged
facilities
- People in hospitals or in hotels
- People engaged in rescue operation
3. 2. 9. Quick Screening of Damaged Buildings
(1) Establishment of System for Quick Screening of Damage
Buildings
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to establish a system
for quick screening of damage buildings through the Coordination
Committee for Disaster Management.
(2) Preparation of Manual for Quick Screening of Damaged
Buildings
- FUNVISIS shall prepare a manual for quick screening of damaged
buildings, which can be used by municipal engineers as well as
individual engineers.
S1 - 35
- FUNVISIS shall prepare a manual for quick screening of damaged
roads, especially damaged bridges, which can be used by municipal
engineers as well as individual engineers.
- FUNVISIS shall prepare inventory of qualified engineers, who can
work after a large earthquake and a large number of engineers are
required for quick screening.
(3) Stockpiling of Required Equipments for Damage Building
Screening
The Mayor of the ADMC, together with the mayors of municipalities,
shall make efforts to stockpile equipments for quick screening of
damaged buildings, such as quick screening sheets, stickers, detail
map of the area, identification cards for personnel.
3. 2. 10. Early Warning and Evacuation System for Debris Flow
Disaster Prevention (one of the major objectives)
(1) Organizations
The organizations for emergency response with early warning are
defined as stated in the agreement signed among MARN, ADMC,
Municipality Governments and UCV.
1) Responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources
- Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Caracas Regional
Office of IMANEH, herein called IMANEH- CRO) has responsibility to
collect and distribute the information on hydrology and meteorology
such as weather synopsis, rainfall forecast by IMANEH radar system,
real time rainfall amount and water level in river and mountain
streams, which would become the factors on debris flow
disasters.
- IMANEH-CRO shall issue the regional warning for the entire
Caracas based on its own criteria.
- All the equipments for the hydro-meteorological data measurement
shall be operated and maintained by IMANEH-CRO.
- IMANEH-CRO shall make suggestions and recommendation on technical
part for the disaster prevention plan prepared by ADMC.
2) Responsibility of Metropolitan District of Caracas
- Metropolitan District of Caracas (herein after ADMC) has
responsibility to establish Operation Control Center (herein after
OCC) within the Metropolitan District of
S1 - 36
Caracas, manage, operate and finance the OCC and issue the local
warning on the sediment disasters.
3) Responsibility of Municipalities
- Municipalities have responsibility to support the OCC in the part
of human resources and logistics.
- Municipalities shall support the creation of self-disaster
prevention groups in the communities.
4) Responsibility of Specific Organizations
- Specific organization such as Universities, public services will
provide information and technical advises necessary for the
operation of OCC.
5) Responsibility of Communities
- Communities have responsibility to create self-disaster
prevention groups.
- Communities keep close communication with OCC in emergency and
organize the people and execute the evacuation.
Communities shall observe water level and rainfall amount
voluntarily both in normal time and emergency time and report those
information to OCC.
(2) Preparation
The related agencies for the early warning and evacuation for
sediment disaster prevention shall prepare for the emergency
response according to the agreement made among.
3. 3 Promotion of Research for Preparation Measures
3. 3. 1. Seismic Observation Network
FUNVISIS shall make efforts to establish and develop the seismic
observation network covering the area of the Metropolitan District
of Caracas, in order to make quick and accurate observation of
earthquake motion distribution in the area once an earthquake
happen and to make quick assessment of actual damage in the
area.
3. 3. 2. Meteorological/Hydrological Observation Network
The Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources shall develop the
meteorological and hydrological observation network to cover the
area of the Metropolitan District of Caracas and the
S1 - 37
surrounding area, in order for on-time and accurate observation of
the phenomena and to make quick prediction of future phenomena to
cause sediment disasters.
3. 3. 3. Research on Seismic Phenomenon
FUNVISIS shall make efforts to accumulate information of earthquake
phenomena in the area, in order to improve the preparation measures
for earthquake.
3. 3. 4. Research on Sediment Disaster Prevention
(1) Research on Debris Flow and Rainfall
The Minister of Environment and Natural Resources shall promote and
develop the research on debris flow phenomena and rainfall amount
in the area so that it will make the prediction and warning of
debris flow in the area.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to accumulate debris flow
disaster information and input it to the disaster information
system.
(2) Research on Steep Slope Failure and Landslide
The Minister of Environment and Natural Resources shall promote and
develop the research on steep slope failure and landslide in the
area so that it will make the prediction and warning of steep slope
failure and landslide in the area.
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to accumulate steep slope
failure and landslide disaster information and input it to the
disaster information system.
CHAPTER 4. STAND-BY PLAN FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
4. 1 Policy
For effective emergency response, it is necessary to establish a
system, which will shift the whole system from a normal stage to an
emergency response stage. Especially, in the case of sediment
disaster, the stand-by system for emergency response is very
important
as the timing of this will determine the success of the early
warning and evacuation process itself.
4. 2 Organization
The organizations related to the stand-by plan for the sediment
disaster prevention are as follows;
S1 - 38
- organization in charge of uninterrupted observation
- organization in charge of analysis of the information sent from
the organization (1) and judge the necessity to call the Operation
Control Center
- Operation Control Center
4. 3. 1. Organization in Charge of Uninterrupted Observation
The Mayor of the ADMC shall designate one organization in the ADMC,
where the office is operated 24 hours a day every week, who shall
carry out uninterrupted observation of meteorological and
hydrological information for the purpose of emergency organization
initiative.
A technical committee shall prepare the protocol to be used by the
“organization in charge of uninterrupted observation” when they
have to send alert to the Head of Organization in Charge of
Analysis of the Observed Information.
4. 3. 2. Organization in Charge of Analysis the Observed
Information
The Metropolitan Civil Protection shall be the responsible
organization, which shall receive information from the organization
in charge of uninterrupted observation. The Metropolitan Civil
Protection shall judge whether they should call the Operation
Control Center. The Metropolitan Civil Protection, when it is
judged as very urgent, is able to dispatch alert without the
consent of the Operation Control Center.
4. 3. 3. Operation Control Center (OCC)
The Operation Control Center shall make command for any action for
emergency response, including dispatching alert or recommendation
of evacuation.
4. 3. 4. Shift to the Emergency Response Stage
Upon the call of the Operation Control Center, the stage of
disaster management shall shift from the stand-by stage to the
emergency response stage.
S1 - 39
5. 1 Policy
There are two cases in emergency response.
One case is like a big earthquake where the shock wave attacks the
whole area without any warning and the whole system of emergency
response should be mobilized as an emergency reaction.
Another case is like a debris flow disaster, where a long time
symptom is observed before debris flow disaster happens, the
emergency response is initiated by the judgment of alert.
5. 2 Organization for Emergency Response without Warning
5. 2. 1. Organizations Defined in the Law
The responsibilities of the organizations in the law are described
in Chapter 3 of this plan.
5. 2. 2. Responsibility of the Operation Control Center
The responsibility of the Operation Control Center is defined in
Chapter 3 of this Plan.
5. 2. 3. Mobilization of the Operation Control Center
The Operation Control Center shall be mobilized by the command of
the head of the Operation Control Center (the Mayor of the ADMC) or
by the request of the Director of the Metropolitan Civil Protection
when it is necessary to mobilize the Operation Control
Center.
5. 3 Organization for Emergency Response with Early Warning
5. 3. 1. Organization
Responsibilities of organizations for early warning and evacuation
are defined in Chapter 3 of this plan.
5. 3. 2. Mobilization of OCC
The OCC shall be mobilized according to the Stand-by Plan for
Emergency Response described in Chapter 4.
S1 - 40
(1) General
- Early Warning shall be issued in order to save the life and
mitigate the damage for the property.
- The method to issue early warning, distribute the early warning,
recommend the evacuation and cancel of the issued warnings shall be
specified by the implementing law prepared in the committee on
early warning.
- Nobody can use the similar early warning method.
(2) Collection and Distribution of Information
- All the involved organizations with early warning have to make
efforts to collect and distribute information on sediment
disaster.
(3) Issue of Warning
- There are two (2) kinds of warning in terms of its locality,
namely regional warning and local warning. The regional warning
shall be issued by the IMANEH-CRO for the region of entire Caracas
based on the definition of IMANEH. The local warning shall be
issued by OCC in ECC for specific areas in Caracas.
- The local warning shall be categorized into two (2) in terms of
the seriousness. The categorization and the corresponding
hydrological index such as critical rainfall shall be decided by
the technical working group of the Committee on Early Warning in
ADMC.
- When the head of OCC issues the local warning, he has to inform
the issuing to the related organizations.
- When the Major of municipalities receives or knows the issued
warning, he has to inform the issuing to the related
organizations.
- If the issuing of warning needs the urgent operation, the head of
OCC and the Major of municipalities can use some public utilities
such as telephone lines and TV broadcasting stations
exclusively.
- If the head of OCC and the Major of municipalities recognize the
anticipated issuing of warning, they can order the Fire Fighter
Department of ADMC and Civil Protection of
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municipalities to standby or request the Police Department of ADMC
to prepare some necessary operations.
(4) Issue of Evacuation
- The OCC will make recommendation on evacuation for the subjective
communities based on the level of local warning.
- The Major of the municipality in which the communities are
recommended to evacuate by the OCC has to order the Police and Fire
Fighter of the municipality to conduct some necessary
operations.
(5) Cancellation of Local Warning
- The OCC will cancel the issued local warning based on the weather
synopsis provided by the IMANEH-CRO and the local hydrological
information observed by communities. The OCC has to inform the
cancellation to the public widely.
5. 4 Collection and Transformation of Information on Damage
5. 4. 1. Collection of Information on Natural Phenomena
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall collect information on natural
phenomena, which caused the disaster and identify the mechanism of
the disaster.
The information sources for the natural phenomena are as
follows;
(1) Earthquake Information
- FUNVISIS shall observe the earthquake phenomena in the area by
their observation network and shall provide the Metropolitan Civil
Protection with the information on the earthquake affecting the
Metropolitan District of Caracas.
- FUNVISIS shall dispatch information on the earthquake to the
Metropolitan Civil Protection as well as mass media immediately
after getting information.
(2) Meteorological / Hydrological Information
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- the Planning Unit of the OCC shall interpret the meteorological /
Hydrological information provided by the MARN and shall refer the
criteria values proposed by the Standing Committee in order to give
information for judgment on emergency response.
5. 4. 2. Quick Estimation of Damage Distribution Using the
Simulation Result
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make quick estimation of damage
distribution by using the simulation results prepared by the Mayor
of the ADMC in the case of earthquake disasters and the sediment
disasters.
5. 4. 3. Collection of Information on Human Casualties
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make efforts to assess the
magnitude and distribution of human casualties in the whole area in
order to make a proper response plan during emergency.
Information on human casualties shall come from communities,
polices and fire fighters.
5. 4. 4. Collection of Information on Building Damage
The Planning Unit of the OCC shall make efforts to collect
information on building damage distribution in the area in order to
estimate the human casualty distribution and to make rescue
operation plan.
5. 4. 5. Collection of Information on Transportation Damage
The responsible agencies for transportation shall make efforts to
collect information on damage to the transportation system in
charge and transmit information to the Metropolitan Civil
Protection.
5. 4. 6. Collection of Information on Lifelines Damage
The responsible agencies of lifeline shall make efforts to collect
information on damage on the lifelines in charge and report to the
Metropolitan Civil Protection.
5. 4. 7. Quick Screening of Damaged Buildings
The mayor of the municipalities shall organize a team for “quick
screening of damage buildings” composed of engineers of each
municipality and registered engineers by the Mayor of the
ADMC.
The team shall use the manual prepared by FUNVISIS on quick
screening of damage buildings.
(1) Implementation Program
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Mayors of the municipalities shall establish a group of engineers
to perform the task.
2) Target Buildings
Target buildings are all buildings, which suffered from earthquake
damage in the area.
3) Methodology
The mayors of the municipalities shall make quick screening of
damaged buildings according to the manual.
When the damage is very large, the mayors of the municipalities can
request for help from the Mayor of the ADMC or the national
government.
4) Report
The result of the screening shall be reported to the Mayor of the
ADMC and shall be utilized for rehabilitation and redevelopment
purpose.
5. 4. 8. Quick Screening of Damaged Bridges
(1) Implementation of Quick Screening
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall conduct quick screening of
damage bridges by their engineers and consultants based on the
standard and the operation manual prepared by FUNVISIS.
(2) Judgment of Utility
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall judge the usability of all the
road system under the administration of the ministry according to
the result of the screening.
(3) Plan of Emergency Road Network
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make a plan of emergency road
network together with the Metropolitan Police as well as the
Municipality Police by the coordination of the Metropolitan Civil
Protection.
(4) Report of the Emergency Road Network Plan
The Ministry of Infrastructure shall make a report of the emergency
road network to the Metropolitan Civil Protection for the use of
the emergency response plan.
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5. 5. 1. Request of Help from National Government Agencies
The Mayor of the ADMC can request of help from the national
governmental agencies according to the agreement, which have been
made between the Mayor of the ADMC and the governmental
agencies.
When such request is made, the Mayor of the ADMC shall make the
following points clear;
- the reason why the help is required
- required number of personnel, equipments, materials
- the place where the help is required
- the rout where the help comes into the area
- the duration of help and other things
1Request of Help from Other States
The Mayor of the ADMC can request of help from the other states
according to the agreement, which have been made between the Mayor
of the ADMC and the other states.
- Provision of foods, water and other daily goods.
- Provision of equipments for rescue operation, medical service and
sanitation
- Provision of materials and equipments for rehabilitation
- Provision of personnel required for medical service, technical
service, engineering works, information collection and information
transmission.
- Provision of evacuation spaces and acceptance of injured
people
- Other items especially requested
When such request is made, the Mayor of the ADMC shall make the
following points clear;
- Damage condition
- Items and quantities of goods required and the destination,
transportation measures and rout of transportation
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- Activities, professionals and numbers of personnel required. The
places of work, duration of work and the transportation measures to
the place.
5. 6 Early Warning, Evacuation and Rescue Operation
5. 6. 1. Early Warning
Organizations related to the early warning are;
- National Civil Protection
- Metropolitan Distict of Caracas
(1) Responsibility of National Civil Protection
National Civil Protection is responsible for the national level
coordination among MARN, ADMC and Municipalities.
(2) Responsibility of Ministry of Environment and Natural
Resources
- Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (Caracas Regional
Office of INAMEH, herein called INAMEH- CRO) has responsibility to
collect and distribute the information on hydrology and meteorology
such as weather synopsis, rainfall forecast by INAMEH radar system,
real time rainfall amount and water level in river and mountain
streams, which would become the factors on sediment
disasters.
- INAMEH-CRO will issue the regional warning for the entire Caracas
Metropolitan Area based on its own criteria.
- All equipment for the hydro-meteorological data measurement will
be operated and maintained by INAMEH-CRO.
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- INAMEH-CRO will make suggestions and recommendation on technical
part for the disaster prevention plan prepared by the ADMC.
(3) Responsibility of Metropolitan District of Caracas
- Metropolitan District of Caracas (herein after ADMC) has
responsibility to establish an Operation Control Center (herein
after OCC) within the Metropolitan District of Caracas. The
function of the OCC is to issue the local warning on the sediment
disasters. The OCC will be specified project in the Disaster
Prevention Plan prepared by ADMC.
(4) Responsibility of Municipalities
- Municipalities have the responsibility and the obligation to
support the OCC directories in regards to operations and
logistics.
- Municipalities shall support the creation of self-directed
(managed) prevention groups in the communities.
(5) Responsibility of Specific Organizations
- Specific organization such as Universities, public services will
provide information and technical advises necessary for the
operation of OCC.
(6) Responsibility of Communities
- Communities groups in the municipalities have responsibility to
create self-directed prevention groups.
- Communities groups shall appoint representatives to work with the
OCC in emergency and organize the people and execute the prevention
measures and evacuation.
- Communities shall observe water level and rainfall amount
voluntarily both in normal time and emergency time and report those
information to OCC.
5. 6. 2. Evacuation
(2) Evacuation
- debris flow is expected or is occurring
- steep slope failure or landslide is expected or is
occurring
- evacuation is required from public places such as schools,
hospitals, factories and other places.
2) criteria of recommendation
- the OCC shall dispatch recommendation of evacuation to the
residents when a disaster happens or a disaster is about to happen
and it is necessary to evacuate the residents in order to safeguard
the lives and bodies of the residents.
3) contents of recommendation
The OCC shall transmit the following information so that it will
quicken the evacuation actions and will secure the safety of
residents.
- name of the area where recommendation of evacuation
dispatched
4) Measures to transmit recommendation
The OCC shall transmit recommendation through a method discussed
between the OCC and the municipality civil protection.
5. 6. 3. Rescue Operation and Medical Services
(1) Rescue Operation
- ADMC shall coordinate the rescue operation of
municipalities.
- Municipalities shall coordinate the rescue operation activities
of different agencies.
2) Responsibility of ADMC
3) responsibility of Police
- search of missing people
- execute rescue operation according to their rescue plan
- to request the ADMC for help in rescue operation stating the
following items; - reason for help - number of personnel and
equipments, materials - location - duration - others
5) Fire Fighters’ Department
- fire fighters’ department will do rescue operations
- the Mayor of the ADMC shall request help from neighbor fire
fighters’ department
6) community organization, private companies and residents
- community organizations, private companies and residents shall do
rescue operation themselves and at the same time cooperate with
governmental organizations for rescue operation
(2) Pre-hospital Activities
2) responsibility of each organization
a) discovery of injured people and report to the related
agencies
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The organization or person which got information on number of
injured people has to report to the police, the fire fighters or
hospitals, with the information on date, damage situation and
number of injured or dead people.
b) rescue operation
The police or the fire fighters shall dispatch rescue operation
team to the site when they received the information with necessary
equipments.
c) transportation of injured people from the field to hospitals The
organization in charge of transport of injured people shall
dispatch ambulances to the site with the required personnel to
transport the injured people. When the number of ambulances is not
enough, the following measures shall be taken;
- utilization of other type of vehicles - request of help from
neighbor municipalities
- When the organizations in charge of transport of injured people
judge that transport by helicopters is required, they shall make
request to the Mayor of the ADMC to coordinate for dispatching
helicopters from related organizations.
(3) Medical Services
1) Planning Agency ADMC, Secretaria de Salud MSDS PAHO Red Cross
Public hospitals Private clinics Ambulatories PC Met PC in each
municipality Hydrocapital Private companies
2) Implementing Agency ADMC, Secretaria de Salud MSDS
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Public hospitals Private clinics Ambulatories PC Met PC in each
municipality
5. 7 Transportation
(1) Information Collection on Road Damage and Road Traffic
after the earthquake, road administrators and police departments
shall make efforts to collect information on road damage and road
traffic
(2) traffic control
Based on the information collected, the road administrators and the
police department shall take necessary measures such as traffic
control or closure of roads.
5. 7. 2. Emergency Transportation
(1) Organizations
- all disaster prevention organization shall make emergency
transportation
- the Mayor of ADMC shall obtain tracks from the track association
based on the agreement.
(2) Basic policy of emergency transport
All measures have to be implemented based on the following
principle and exclusive use of emergency route by official users
should be considered;
- security of human lives
- prevention of disaster enlargement
1) 1st stage
personnel and equipments for fire fighting
disaster management personnel of governments, personnel and
equipments for first response to secure communication, electricity,
gas and water services
seriously injured people to outside of the area
personnel and equipments required for recovery of transportation
and traffic control
2) 2nd stage
continuation of -1)
food, water and other goods for lives of the people
injured people and refugees to outside of the area
3) 3rd stage
continuation of -2)
daily goods
(4) monitoring of emergency transportation
The Mayor of the ADMC shall make efforts to collect information on
emergency transportation rout to determine the function to define
the use of the emergency transportation.
5. 8 Accommodation
5. 8. 1. Items Included in the Plan
The items to be included in the plan are as follows;
- set up of refugee camps
- set up of vacant houses
- designation of special area where the building code is not
applied for the purpose of emergency recovery action
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- designation of prohibition area where no houses are constructed
in order to avoid resettlement of people to the original risky
place
- provision of construction materials
5. 8. 2. Organizations
The mayors of municipalities shall construct and maintain the
emergency false houses for refugees. In case of the scale of the
disaster is very large and it is difficult for mayors of
municipalities to implement the work, the Mayor of the ADMC shall
make efforts to do the job.
5. 8. 3. Beneficiaries
- residents who can not afford to acquire accommodation by
themselves
5. 8. 4. Number of Temporary Houses
The number of temporary houses shall be within 30% of the total
number of houses completely destroyed.
5. 8. 5. Methodology
- the mayor of the municipalities shall prepared places where
enough space is provided to accommodate the temporary houses taking
into account the damage estimation of 1967 earthquake simulation
prepared by the Mayor of the ADMC.
- The mayors of the municipalities shall select proper places away
from any risk
- The Mayor of the ADMC shall make agreement with construction
association on the provision of emergency temporary houses and
shall help the mayors of the municipalities to construct emergency
temporary houses.
- the municipality mayors can request help from the Mayor of the
ADMC to construct temporary houses showing the following
information
- number of houses destroyed
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- person in charge
- other information
- the Mayor of the ADMC can request neighbor states or central
government for help to construct temporary houses when it is
required.
- the structure of the temporary houses shall be designed
considering the convenience of the residents such as elder people,
handicapped people.
5. 8. 6. Provision of Vacant Public Apartments
(1) Houses to be Used
All public