Final Report Format 20142

8/11/2019 Final Report Format 20142

1/18

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

COMPANY NAME:ABC SDN. BHD.

LOT 123 KAWASAN PERINDUSTRIAN GEBENG

26080 KUANTAN, PAHANG.

SYED MOHD SAUFIKA10001

BACHELOR OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA DAN SUMBER ASLIUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

29 JUNE 20145 SEPTEMBER 2014


2/18

II

INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISORSDECLARATION

I hereby acknowledge that this Industrial Training Report has been verified and it does

not contain any CONFIDENTIAL information to be released to the public.

Signature :

Name of supervisor :

Date :

Official stamp :


3/18


4/18

IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


5/18


6/18

VI

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: Illustration of the trailing vortex behind the impeller blade by Vant Riet

and Smith (1975) .................................................................................................. 2

Figure 3-1: Illustration of the trailing vortex behind the impeller blade by Vant Rietand Smith (1975) .................................................................................................. 3


and Smith (1975) .................................................................................................. 6


7/18

VII

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Prediction of power number of a Rushton turbine..................................... 4

Table 4-1: Prediction of power number of a Rushton turbine..................................... 5


8/18

VIII

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

A0 constant of eq.(3.6)

As constant of eq.(3.6)

a interfacial area per unit volume

iLa breakage kernel

iLkb , daughter bubble distribution functionB nucleation kernel

C impeller off-bottom clearance*

oC oxygen solubility in water

CD drag coefficient

vg superficial gas velocity

VVM volume per unit volume

w weight for QMOM

W impeller blade widthYv turbulent destruction term for Spalart-Almaras model

Greek

vl kinematic viscosity

ie collision rate of bubbles with turbulent eddies

i break-up efficiency

ji LL , bubble collision eficiency

Subscripts

b bubble

g gas

l liquid

eff effective


9/18

IX

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CARPT Computer-automated radioactive particle tracking

CFD Computational fluid dynamics

CSP Capillary suction probe

CT Computer tomography

DAE Differential algebraic equation

DES Detached eddy simulation

DI Digital imaging

EIT Electric impedance tomography

ERT Electric resistance tomography

FFT Fast Fourier transform

GRT Gamma ray tomography

IZ Ishii-Zuber drag model

LDA Laser doppler anemometry

LES Large eddy simulationLIF Laser image fluorescence

PBE Population balance equation

PBM Population balance modelling

PDA Phase doppler anemometer

PIV Particle image velocimetry

PLIF Planar laser induced fluorescence

MOC Method of classes

MOCh Method of characteristic

MOM Method of moment

MRF Multiple reference frame

PD Product differenceQMOM Quadrature method of moment

RDT Rushron turbine

RANS Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes

RNG Renormalised k-

RSM Reynolds stress model

SA Spalart-Allmaras model

SGS sub-grid scale

SMM Sliding mesh method

SN Schiller-Naumann drag model

SST Shear stress transport model


10/18

1

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background of the company

1.2 Background of the projects

The following are the scope of this research:

i) Background of Project Involved by stating the problem occurs.

ii) Project Objectives

iii) Project Scope

iv) Project Planning


11/18

2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Subtopic 1

Literature research contains information relevant and directly related to

research/project/task. The subtopic is depends on your creativity.

2.2 Subtopic 2

This paper presents a numerical study of bubbly flow in a 200 mm diameter vertical

pipe using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Multiphase

2.3 Subtopic 3

Include TFC, TPC and Antioxidant content analysis


and Smith (1975)


12/18

3

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1 Materials

Materials and methodology are complete and adequately detailed. Logical and easily

followed. Description of procedure is complete, ensuring that it can be replicated.

3.2 Process description



3.3 Process f low diagram of YYY



3.4 Measurement of XXX



3.5 Operation of YYY



and Smith (1975)

The turbulent diffusivity transport term is modelled using a simplified form of the

generalised gradient diffusion hypothesis as:


13/18

4

k

ji

k

t

k

ijTx

uu

xD

,

(3.12)

Table 3-1: Prediction of power number of a Rushton turbine

Moment acting on

impeller & shaft

Moment acting on

wall & baffleintegration

k- 4.72 4.73 3.99

Rk- 4.76 4.74 3.85

RNG 4.96 4.96 3.05

RSM 4.81 5.04 3.13

DES 5.00 5.56

LES 5.42 5.32

Bujalski et al. (1987)* 4.94Rutherford et al. (1996)* 5.25

Rutherford et al. (1996) 4.99

Yianneskis et al. (1987) 4.87

*Calculated from eq.(2.3) and eq.(2.4) described in chapter 2 using Derksen et al.s

(1999) dimensions

3.6 Maintenance of ZZZ




14/18

5

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Resul t 1 and discussion


pipe using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Multiphase simulations were

performed using an Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model and the drag coefficient of

spherical and distorted bubbles was modelled using the models proposed by Schiller

and Naumann (1935), Ishii-Zuber (1979) and Tomiyama et al. (1995). The effect of the

void fractions on the drag coefficient was modelled using the correlation by Behzadi et

al. (2004). The CFD predictions showed good agreement to the experimental

measurement adopted from literature. Comparison between the simulated and the

experimental data suggests that the effects of bubble shape and shear flow on drag force

acting on bubbles should be taken into account for accurate predictions of bubbly pipe

flows.

4.2 Ef fects of xxxxx



Table 4-1: Prediction of power number of a Rushton turbine

Moment acting on

impeller & shaft

Moment acting on

wall & baffle

integration

k- 4.72 4.73 3.99

Rk- 4.76 4.74 3.85

RNG 4.96 4.96 3.05

RSM 4.81 5.04 3.13

DES 5.00 5.56LES 5.42 5.32

Bujalski et al. (1987)* 4.94

Rutherford et al. (1996)* 5.25

Rutherford et al. (1996) 4.99

Yianneskis et al. (1987) 4.87

*Calculated from eq.(2.3) and eq.(2.4) described in chapter 2 using Derksen et al.s

(1999) dimensions

4.3 Factor af fecting bioactive compounds extraction



15/18

6


and Smith (1975)


16/18

7

6 CONCLUSION

6.1 Conclusion

This project focuses on both the CFD and experimental study of gas-liquid bioreactors,

i.e. bubble column and stirred tank. Scaling-up method of stirred tank bioreactor

depending on the knowledge of mass transfer, mixing and gas-liquid hydrodynamics

which was

6.2 Suggestions

The research carried in this project (gas-liquid mixing) is currently being expanded for

solid-liquid application by Mr. Muhd Hairynizam Muhd Taib (a MSc student). The

solid-liquid mixing system has more industrial application around the East Coast region

such as the CMC production plant in Gebeng Industrial Park which we had a regular

contact. Focus for this new work will be on mixing performance as they affected the

mass transfer and hence the reaction in solid-liquid tank.


17/18

8

REFRENCES


18/18

9

APPENDICES

Documents

Final Report Format 20142