FINDING THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL

CONSERVATION THROUGH COMMUNITY

MOBILIZATION

BY:-

BIBHU PRASAD TRIPATHY

Icfai Business School

Enrollment No: 08BS0000761

The present study is based

on two aspects.

…UNDP-GEF-CEE SGP

Projects implemented by The Humanity &Utkal SevakSamaj (USS) .

…Kaun Banega Bharat ka

Paryavaran Ambassador

(KBPA) campaign.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

To find and study the impact of

conservation of environment through

community mobilization.

To study and compare the impacts of the

initiatives taken for the biodiversity

conservation at the different geographical

regions.

To spread the message of climate change

and the necessary actions required to

check the same through the KBPA

campaign.

METHODOLOGY

As the SGP project implemented by “The

Humanity” is going on at 50 villages

located at the Khaprakhol Block in

Bolangir dist., 10 villages were visited

for studying the various activities for the

primary data collection.

The SGP project implemented by “USS”

has been implemented at 5 villages (2

villages in Tangi-Choudwar Block in

Cuttack dist. and 3 villages in

Badachana Block in Jajpur dist). All

were visited for data collection.

Methodology Contd….

Personal

interview, Observation, Indirect

Questioning methods & village stay

have been used for primary data

collection as

… Most of the data are of qualitative nature

and

… The educational backgrounds of the

respondents are not so strong.

The reports prepared by The Humanity and USS the implementing NGOs for

SGP projects have been refered for

secondary data

METHODOLOGY FOR KBPA

The KBPA campaign involved meeting

the principals/Headmasters of different

schools and explaining them the

procedure for the same in the preliminary

phase.

The voting has been done at the second

phase by visiting the schools.

Also the impact of the campaign on the

Students/Teachers has been studied.

SGP PROJECTS

Objectives of the SGP Project by The Humanity

To facilitate, development of NTFP & Medicinal plants based community level enterprises in order to secure sustainable livelihoods as well as conservation of eco system for forest dependent marginalized sections especially women.

To take steps for conservation of medicinal plants through carrying out cultivation in selected community lands, school campus and developing demonstration field and herbal garden in the project area.

Objectives Contd….

To facilitate formulation of an integrated community based forest management plan with special emphasis on eco system.

To facilitate formation of forest management groups (FMGs) and networking among such groups in order to have a comprehensive and effective management of greater area of forest and its biodiversity through enhancement of their skill and capacities.

To take steps to check ecological hazards by popularizing and promoting the traditional variety of seeds through community initiatives.

Findings

CommunitySGP Grant

Primary TradersFor NTFP

Goat Rearing

Agriculture

Seed/Grain Bank

Oil Extraction

NTFPs Forests

SHG

Collect

NTFP Value Addition

COST BENEFIT FROM NTFPs

0 50 100 150 200

Mahua Flower

Harida

Bahada

Amla

Char Nut

Tamarind

Bela

Bheluan

Chakada

Nageshwar Flower

Total

Price of Selling (In Rs) Collectively through SHGs (After)

Price of Selling (In Rs) Individually (Before) / KG

/ KG

OIL EXTRACTION Before extracting oils through the mills available at

distant villages.

The oils were toxic.

The mill owners used to keep the residues after extraction.

After the SGP project implementation, 15 oil extracting machines have been provided to different SHGs and individuals and training has been provided.

Simple mechanism and cost effective.

Trainings on bottling of these oils.

Quality of the oil extracted is very higher than before as the toxicity is reduced substantially in this method.

The cost analysis is provided below

COST ANALYSIS OF OIL EXTRACTION

Condition

Cost of Extraction/liter (In Rs)Profit From Extraction/KG

(In Rs)Quality of Oil

Processing Transportation Total Residues Total

Before 1 1 2 Nil Nil Highly Toxic

After 0.86 Nil 0.86 3 3

Toxicity

substantially

reduced

Net Profit/Kg : 1.14 + 3 = Rs 4.14

Oil Extraction

ProcessingExtraction

Oil Flow Residue Bottling

SEED BANK/GRAIN BANK

They are storing both traditional and commercial seeds and grains.

This helps them to use at lower costs and reduced dependency on Government.

Also, more than 20 traditional and local seeds have been preserved in this process.

Rice Grains

Ragi Seeds

Training on Organic Farming (30 Farmers)

Soil Productivity Healthy Crops& Vegetables

Production Cost & Maintenance

SGP Grant

ORGANIC FARMING

Sunflowers & Ground nuts

Vermi Compost

Mixed Cultivation Discussion with Organic Farmer

NURSERY PLANTATION

Five nurseries have been developed with more than 50 types of herbal medicinal plants, out of which three were visited.

Two have been developed at Talenpali School and Khaprakhol Govt. UP School. One at Junanibahal.

The students and the public are thus knowing about the use of these medicinal plants like Gudmari, Bacha, Akarkara, Kedar, Lemon Grass, Gugul, Ashwagandha, Jatropha, Kumkum, Dankari, Brudhatarak, Chireita, Amla, Basanga, Begunia, Guluchi, Bhismajadi etc.

TalenPali School Nursey

Junanibahal Nursery

Khaprakhol SchoolStudents taking care of plants

BAIDYAs

Gandhamardan Mountain Range located near Harishankar in Khaprakhol Block has vast collection of herbal medicinal plants.

Seventy Baidyas part of Baidyas Organization as part of the SGP project.

Trained on collecting the herbals from the nearby Jungles in sustainable manner and plant them near their villages.

Received trainings for identifying different herbal medicinal plants.

Have more than 500 varieties of herbals with them.

People are coming in more number to them after they received training.

FOREST PROTECTION COMMITTEES

Ten FPCs have been formed and eight have been strengthened to protect forest land of about 1500 Acres &

plant new trees to regenerate the degraded areas.

Four of them were interviewed.

They have regenerated about 150 Acres of forest land that were degraded before the SGP project started.

Coordination of FPCs.

NEW PLANTATION

IMPACTS

Impact on environment Impact on livelihood economy of communities Other Impacts

Creating and training women SHGs

1. Collecting the NTFPs in

sustainable manner after

training.

2. No more burning the dry

leaves while collecting

Mahua flowers. Hence no

more fire in forest.

1. Getting greater value on the sales of

NTFPs.

2. Also getting loans from Govt.

3. Taking loan from their savings at 3% p.m.

which is far better than that from local

landlords.

4. Getting more profits by doing business in

a group.

1. The social bonding among the

members has increased.

2. Have learnt the business Skill.

3. Watershed dept. of Govt. and other

NGOs are replicating this system for

its success.

Training on NTFP collection, Value addition & Collective Marketing

1. As people are now

dependent on NTFPs

instead of cutting the

trees for woods, the

forests are conserved.

2. Biodiversity is conserved.

1. People are getting more profit on NTFPs

due to directly selling to the primary

traders.

2. They are getting more profits on oil

extraction and also getting good quality.

1. Qualities of the NTFPs have

increased.

2. Other NGOs and Govt. also providing

trainings to some SHGs on NTFPs.

3. Some companies like CCD have

come to collect the NTFPs directly as

the qualities have increased.

Local Food Security through Grain/Seed Bank system and Organic Farming

1. The traditional grains are

preserved which were on

verge of extinction.

2. The productivity of the soil

is increased through use of

organic composts.

1. The people are getting the seeds directly

from the seed bank without taking loan

from external entities.

2. The farmers are getting huge monetary

benefit by not using fertilizers and

pesticides.

3. Maintenance cost is very less for the

traditional seeds.

1. The absence of pesticides implies

healthy vegetables and grains.

Impact on environment Impact on livelihood economy of

communities

Other Impacts

Nursery plantation and Training to Baidyas on use and sustainability of medicinal plants.

1. The Baidyas are

collecting herbals in a

sustainable manner.

2. They are also planting

and preserving rare

medicinal plants found in

the region.

1. The Baidyas are using the herbals for

the treatment of the community more

actively, hence benefited

economically.

1. The community is able

to know the different

herbal plants and their

qualities through

nurseries.

2. School children are

actively nurturing the

herbal plants and using

for their common uses.

Creation and coordination of Forest Protection Committees (FPCs).

1. Vast areas of destroyed

forest land have been

regenerated.

2. About 1525 Acres of

existing forest areas are

well protected from the

intruders.

3. New plantations are

taking place to increase

the forest land.

1. Due to forest protection the

community is getting more NTFPs.

1. It has provided scope

for social bonding

among the community

as they realize the

importance of their

forest.

2. Better coordination has

developed between the

neighbor villages.

OBJECTIVE OF SGP PROJECT BY USS

Utilize the unutilized and under utilized natural

resources like land and water to meet their

livelihood and development requirement in a

sustainable manner.

Ensure food security by promoting sustainable

agriculture (both crop & vegetables) among the

tribal people – women specially.

Conserve and regenerate depleting natural forest

/ species and promote social forestry.

Strengthening CBOs for effective participation

and process sustainability.

FINDINGS

SHGS

Total 10 SHGs till now; seven in the five old villages and three in 3 new villages.

Before borrowing from the landlords and riches of the nearby villages at 7-10 % interest/month.

Serving the lender free of cost.

Had to keep some valuable things as guarantees .

After saving money through SHGs, they are getting loans from this savings at 3% interest/month without any guarantee.

Rules and regulations have been prescribed for the same.

All activities promoted through SHGs to strengthen institutional activities.

LAND DEVELOPMENT

Before lands were not plain and unfit for

cultivation leading to dependency on

forest.

As part of the SGP project, about 92.29

Acres of land have been developed for

farming.

Total 70 farmers have been benefited

through land development activity.

Out of them 18 farmers were met and the

details are provided below.

Before After

Total developed LandVillage Name No of Farmers

Benefited

Total Area of Land Developed (In Acres)

Land Leveling Bonding & Gully

Plugging

Purnachandrapur 14 4.8 15.77

Kolha 26 15 16.5

Genjasahi 9 4.04 12.94

Haridapal 10 5.79 5.64

Bhalumara 11 7.37 4.44

Total 70 37 55.29

Name of Farmer Village Area of Land

Developed

(In Acre)

Return from these lands (In Rs)/Year

Before

Development

After Development

Lilabati Mahanta Genjasahi 1 2000 3500

Malati Mahanta Genjasahi 0.75 3000 4000

Pratima Mahanta Genjasahi 2.5 0 3000

Surendra Mahanta Genjasahi 2.5 0 20000

Anand Ku Mahanta Purnachandrapur 3.5 10000 12500

Subhasini Mahanta Purnachandrapur 1 7500 10000

Rebati Mahanta Purnachandrapur 1 5000 7500

Aasamani Mahanta Purnachandrapur 0.25 1500 2500

Netramani Mahanta Purnachandrapur 0.5 3000 5000

Rama Ch Mahanta Purnachandrapur 2.5 0 10000

Debendra Hembram Bhalumara 2.5 1000 10000

Nakula Mahanta Bhalumara 0.5 4000 6000

Krushna Ch Pradhan Kolha 3.5 2500 10500

Kolha Pradhan Kolha 1.5 5000 7500

Poka Pradhan Kolha 0.5 2000 3000

Indramani Mahanta Haridapal 1.5 5000 7500

Bharat Mahanta Haridapal 1 5000 7500

Chintamani Mahanta Haridapal 0.5 2000 4000

NB: All calculations are at current market price. Scale: 50 KG of Paddy = Rs 500.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Return from these lands (In Rs)/Year Before Development

Return from these lands (In Rs)/Year After Development

Better Farming of 5 other villages

Kolha VillagersSGP Grant

PISCICULTURE

DUCK Rearing

IRRIGATION(90 Acres)

Sreema Seeds

Village

Name

Irrigation

Land Size

(In Acres)

Kolha 27

Haridapal 20

Bhalumara 15

Genjasahi 3

Purnachan

drapur

15

Haripur 10

Total 90

Activity Cost (In Rs) Revenue (In

Rs)

Profit (In Rs)

Water Supply

to Sreema

Seeds

Nil 31500 31500

Pisciculture 1000 8000 7000

Duckery 1200 760 (440)

Total 2200 40260 38060

COST ANALYSIS OF POND

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Water Suply to

Sreema Seeds

Pisciculture Duckery Total

Cost (In Rs)

Revenue (In Rs)

Profit (In Rs)

PISCICULTURE Pisciculture has been promoted in the SGP project for the 44

families not having farming lands.

Initially it has been implemented in three ponds. The cost

analysis of this is presented below.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

1 2 3

Cost

Revenue

Profit

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1 2 3

Cost

Revenue

Profit

Training on Organic Farming (300)

Chemical Fertilizers

Organic Composts

Chemical Fertilizers

Organic Composts

Productivity

Crops Harmful to Health

Productivity

Healthy Crops

SGP Grant

BEFORE AFTER

Organic Farming

Farmer’s Name Rama Chandra Mahanta

Farm Land 3 Acres

Cultivation Paddy, Bitter-Gourd, Tomato,

Brinjal, Ladiesfinger, Maize etc.

Out of money gained in 3 years from

farming of Brinjal & Bitter-Gourd

only.

Has built a Pucca Building and Well

Rest Money from other farmings Utilized for home expenses.

Cost of Building Rs 1,29,000

Cost of Well Rs 30,000

Extra Sales last year. 80 KG of Bitter-Gourd

seeds@250/KG

Certification Best farmer of Jajpur district in

2006.

CASE STUDY

SGP Grant

AGRO Service Centre

SHG

Agro Service Centre

Kurpi

Sickle sprayer

winnower

paddy thresher

Village No of Benefited

Families

Details of Plants per

Family

Kolha 67 Mango- 3

Lemon- 1

Chiku- 1

Coconut- 1

Teak- 5

Purnachandrapur 76

Genjasahi 35

Haridapal 72

Bhalumara 50

PLANT DISTRIBUTION

Teak CoconutMango

Lemon

Ragi

Tomato

Bitter-Gourd

Brinjal

Maize n Others

Ladies Finger

Paddy

SGP Grant

Seed Distribution (15 Types of VegetableAnd 4 types of Rice) to 300 Families

Grows Vegetables

Consumes with Family

Sells the Excess ProductionIncome

Seed Distribution

SGP Grant Community

Land Lord

BEFORE

SALE

SHG

Grain Bank

Main

tains

10

KG

/Y

ea

r

Grain Banks

IMPACTS

Impact on Environment Impact on Livelihood Economy of

the Community

Other Impacts

Land Development

1. Dependency on forest is decreased

due to agriculture, hence forest

degradation is reduced.

2. Productivity of the soil has

increased.

3. Due to agriculture, food security is

sustained.

4. Underutilized natural resources;

land and water are efficiently

utilized.

1. Community is getting food at

its own.

2. Labor cost during crop

collection has reduced by half

of the earlier due to lesser

grasses.

3. Developed lands are providing

extra crop, hence extra income

by sale.

1. Extra income has improved the

living standard of the community as

they are spending for their welfare.

2. It has encouraged the community

for intensive farming.

3. Nearby villages have replicated this

activity seeing the results.

Organic Farming

1. Productivity of the soil is increased.

2. Lesser use of chemical fertilizers

means lesser harm to environment.

1. More use of organic composts

means lower cost of farming as

these are locally prepared.

1. Produced crops and vegetables are

good for health due to lesser use of

chemicals.

2. Wastes are properly utilized.

Women SHGs

1. Environmental awareness has been

generated among the community.

1. Getting loans at lesser interest

than before.

2. Savings implies more

monetary security.

3. Getting loans and other

benefits provided by

government.

1. Due to savings, they are spending

for their prosperities such as study

of their children.

2. It has increased the social bonding

among the women.

3. They are getting outer knowledge.

4. Their leadership and management

skills have improved.

Impact on Environment Impact on Livelihood Economy of the

Community

Other Impacts

Pond & Pisciculture

1. Water resource is sustainably

utilized.

2. Lands are watered properly

ensuring food security.

3. Biodiversity is conserved.

1. Getting incomes from fish farming

and duck rearing.

2. Getting incomes from sale of excess

water.

3. Watering of farmlands at no cost.

1. Community has learnt the business

skills.

2. Community is getting water for

various uses such as bathing.

3. Have developed management skills.

Grain Banks

1. Food security is ensured. 1. People are getting grain at lower

interest rates.

2. Through saving they are generating

more profits.

1. It has developed saving attitude in

the community.

2. It has developed management skills

of the community.

Agro Service Centre

1. Farming has become more

efficient, hence dependency on

forest is reduced.

1. Cost of borrowing agro equipments

has reduced.

2. SHGs are generating incomes by

providing equipments on rent.

1. Time consumption for agriculture

has reduced.

Plant Distribution

1. Plantation means conservation of

environment.

2. More oxygen is exerted into

atmosphere.

1. Community can get fruits at no cost.

2. It will generate income through sale

of fruits.

1. It has improved the food habits of

the community.

2. People can get more vitamins

through these fruits.

Seed Distribution

1. Vegetable cultivation has

conserved the biodiversity.

2. Vegetable seeds are preserved

through farming.

3. Food security is ensured.

1. Community is getting vegetables on

their own for consumption.

2. Generating income through sale of

excess vegetables.

1. People are getting more nutritional

foods.

2. Has inhibited vegetable

consumption in the community.

3. Waste land is efficiently utilized.

KBPA

A total of 18 schools in Bhubaneswar were visited in the preliminary phase of KBPA campaign.

Voting in 14 schools has been completed.

Rest couldn’t be due to exams n early Vacations.

In 11 schools direct interaction with the students was held through workshops.

The impacts of the campaign are listed as follows.

IMPACTS

The students really felt the situation regarding climate change and expressed their concern for the same.

The teachers too expressed their concern and cooperated in explaining the measures to check the climate change.

The Pick Right component was highly appreciated.

The students choose proven and famous leaders such as Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Azad, Sachin Tendulkar, NaveenPattanaik and others as their choice for ambassador to spread the message of climate change.

DETAILS OF THE SCHOOLS VISITED

Sl No School NameDate of Preliminary

Phase

Date of Voting

Phase

No of Students

Voted

1 Kalinga Vidyapitha 27 Feb 2009 15 Apr 2009 66

2 Vivekananda Shiksha Kendra 27 Feb 2009 11 Apr 2009 82

3 Govt. High School, Unit- 6 2 Mar 2009 17 Apr 2009 93

4Govt. High School, Power

House Colony, Unit-83 Mar 2009 15 Apr 2009 61

5Prabhujee English Medium

School4 Mar 2009 13 Apr 2009 121

6Chintamaniswar Girls High

School6 Mar 2009 9 Apr 2009 74

7Chintamaniswar Girls UP

School6 Mar 2009 9 Apr 2009 21

8M C Govt. High School,

Laxmisagar6 Mar 2009 9 Apr 2009 228

9Buxi Jagabandhu English

Medium School6 Mar 2009 8 Apr 2009 48

10 Govt. High School, Unit-1 7 Mar 2009 11 Apr 2009 170

11 Govt. Girls High School, Unit-1 7 Mar 2009 17 Apr 2009 218

12 Govt. Girls High School, Unit-9 7 Mar 2009 13 Apr 2009 228

13Children's Centre of Integral

Education7 Mar 2009 8 Apr 2009 36

14 Indira English Medium School 18 Apr 2009 18 Apr 2009 NA

0

50

100

150

200

250

No of Students Voted

No of Students Voted

Explaining KBPA Process Distributing Voting Slips

Students Listening Explaining Pick Right Actions