Final Paper

7/18/2019 Final Paper

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Kate Sylvester GVPT460May 13, 2014Final Paper

A Case Study of New York’s State and Local Government

With a population o nearly 20 !illion, "e# $or% is the !ost populous state on the &ast

'oast( ho#ever, a)out 40 per*ent o that population is lo*ali+e in "e# $or% 'ity -.2010 'ensus

/ata 1 "e# $or% 'ity alone has a population o !ore than !illion, !a%in it the larest *ity

in the 5nite States -.2010 'ensus /ata 1 The inherent ieren*es )et#een "e# $or% 'ity

an the rest o the state !a%e "e# $or% a uniue state #ith issues ierent ro! any states

surrounin it "e# $or% 'ity eines the state an yet it is 7ust one *ity #ithin the state The

iversity in politi*al opinion, e*ono!i* status, population an ra*e )et#een upstate "e# $or%

an "e# $or% 'ity *hara*teri+e "e# $or% in a #ay !ost other states *annot )e ientiie

8s a state, "e# $or% is arrane in the sa!e #ay as !ost states #ith an e9e*utive,

leislative an 7ui*ial )ran*h "e# $or%:s ele*te oi*ials are oten in a hiher national

spotliht )e*ause o the pro!inen*e o "e# $or% 'ity in !any ne#s stories ea*h year /espite

"e# $or% 'ity )ein the epi*enter o the e*ono!y an population in the state, the *apital *ity is

in 8l)any ; lo*ate in upstate "e# $or% "e# $or%:s )i*a!eral leislature is )ase in 8l)any

an in*lues the "e# $or% State Senate an the "e# $or% State 8sse!)ly

"e# $or%:s State Senate has 63 seats, t#o o #hi*h are *urrently va*ant -.<o*al

Govern!ent =an)oo% 11 The 63 seats o the Senate represent ea*h o the senatorial istri*ts

eter!ine )y the leislators -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 11 The nu!)er o seats in the

Senate is not i9e, it starte out as 2> in 1???, )ut it *hanes )ase on reapportion!ent

-.Freuently 8s%e @uestionsA 1 State Senators serve t#oByear ter!s an are ele*te ro! the



aore!entione istri*ts Cn "e# $or%, as #ill )e urther is*usse later, the party ivision is

uite *lear throuhout the state ; in the Senate there is *urrently a e!o*rati* !a7ority, #ith only

2D Eepu)li*an Senators -.&le*te Eepresentatives or "e# $or% State 1 The presient o the

Senate is the <ieutenant Governor, althouh he is not te*hni*ally a !e!)er o the Senate "e#

$or%:s 'onstitution sets the nu!)er o !e!)ers or the "e# $or% 8sse!)ly at 1>0, #ith ea*h

)ein ele*te ro! a sinle !e!)er istri*t -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 11 These

representatives serve t#oByear ter!s an are all ele*te at the sa!e ti!e 'urrently, there are 10

va*an*ies, 3D Eepu)li*ans an 101 /e!o*rats servin in the 8sse!)ly -.&le*te

Eepresentatives or "e# $or% State 1

eyon the leislative )ran*h, the Governor also has tre!enous inluen*e over poli*y

e*isions an prora! i!ple!entation The Governor o "e# $or%, *urrently Governor 8nre#

'uo!o, is very !u*h a %ey pu)li* iure )oth state an nation#ie "e# $or%:s overnor serves

as the state:s %ey pu)li* aairs leaer, playin a %ey role in tas%s su*h as poli*y e*isions,

prora! i!ple!entation, !a%in no!inations an )ein the state:s !ost #iely re*oni+e

pu)li* iure -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 1> The Governor also has the po#er to either

sin leislation into la# or to veto the leislation So!e o the other %ey ele*te oi*ials #ho are

relate to the e9e*utive )ran*h in*lue the <ieutenant Governor, the State 'o!ptroller an the

8ttorney General ; all o #ho! are ele*te )y the state:s voters at lare -.<o*al Govern!ent

=an)oo% 16

"e# $or%:s thir )ran*h o overn!ent ; the 7ui*ial )ran*h ; has a si!ilar *o!position

to !any other states The "e# $or% 'ourt Syste! has three types o *ourts appellate *ourts, trial

*ourts o superior 7urisi*tion an trial *ourts o inerior 7urisi*tion -.<o*al Govern!ent

=an)oo% 1D 8n a!inistrator ire*te )y the 'hie Husti*e o the 'ourt o 8ppeals oversees

Sylvester 2



the state:s entire uniie *ourt syste! -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 20 The *ourt syste!

!ust rule on isputes )et#een parties throuhout the state, in aition to rulin on *onstitutional

uestions an other typi*al *ourt un*tions

Cn aition to the state#ie ele*te oi*ials, there are also !any %ey ele*te oi*ials on

the lo*al level throuhout the state, )ut parti*ularly in "e# $or% 'ity Cn "e# $or% 'ity, the

Mayor plays a very lare an i!portant role in poli*y!a%in, so!eti!es !a%in national ne#s

even !ore than the Governor "e# $or% 'ity has the !ost *on*entrate an uniie roup o

/e!o*rati* voters in the state )e*ause o its iverse *o!position -."$SVoter &nroll!ent )y

41st Senate /istri*t 1 The /e!o*rat ele*te oi*ials ro! the "e# $or% 'ity area usually #in

in lanslies, #hereas *ities outsie the "$' !etro area the !arins are !u*h *loser

Cn aition to these three !ain )ran*hes o overn!ent, interest roups also play a lare

role in "e# $or% politi*s an state poli*y!a%in Cn "e# $or% an esti!ate I210 !illion #as

spent on lo))yists in 2013 alone, a**orin to the Hoint 'o!!ission on Pu)li* &thi*s -/eWitt 1

The a!ount spent *oul translate into *lose to a !illion ollars spent lo))yin ea*h "e# $or%

state Senator an 8sse!)ly !e!)er 8s evien*e )y the e9*essive spenin, lo))yists have a

reat eal o po#er an inluen*e over the leislation passe in 8l)any, an even in "e# $or%

'ity:s lo*al overn!ent, )e*ause o their e9tre!e inluen*e an the uns availa)le to the! Cn

2013, the health *are lo))yin a**ounte or the larest portion o the lo))yin *osts in the state

-Kehoe 1 8ppro9i!ately I33? !illion #as spent on health *are lo))yin in 2013 alone(

ho#ever, 2013 #as an i!portant year or health*are )e*ause o the 8ora)le 'are 8*t:s

i!ple!entation so that ae*te lo))yist spenin -Kehoe 1 Jther lo))yin areas that sa# lare

e9penitures this year #ere eu*ation, to)a**o, enery an a!)lin -Eo)inson 1 Many o

Sylvester 3



these roups #ere lo))yin to either *onvin*e the Governor not to in*rease li!itations on their

inustry -to)a**o or to *onvin*e hi! to in*rease their unin -eu*ation -=upl 1

The inluen*e o lo))yists in "e# $or% *an )e !ost *learly seen #hen analy+in

spenin on lo))yists in 2011 an 2012 Cn 2012 the 'o!!ittee to Save "e# $or% ; a *oalition

o "e# $or% )usiness leaers lo))yin oi*ials to support Governor 'uo!o ; spent the !ost on

lo))yin or the year #ith I42 !illion -Kaplan 1 The sheer a*t that I42 !illion #as spent in

a year 7ust on lo))yin, not even on other *a!painin, e9plains a lot a)out the per*eption o the

i!portan*e -an ee*tiveness o lo))yin in "e# $or% The inluen*e these lo))yin eorts

have on "e# $or%:s ele*tion results sho#s the i!portant role lo))yists *an play in the out*o!e

o ele*tions or leislative e*isionB!a%in

"e# $or% has a very #ie rane o ele*tion rules, in*luin rules i*tatin everythin

ro! ualii*ations or Governor to ho# )orouh presient "e# $or%:s <eislative Tas% For*e

on /e!oraphi* Eesear*h an Eeapportion!ent plays a lare part in the i!ple!entation o

ele*tion rules, parti*ularly those ealin #ith reistri*tin an *ensus reapportion!ent

-.Freuently 8s%e @uestions 1 The tas% or*e ensures that the state ollo#s the 'onstitution:s

reuire!ent or reistri*tin )ase on the *ensus every ten years "e# $or%:s reistri*tin plan

!ust o throuh a e# !ore pro*esses than plans in other states oth the state leislature an

the Governor !ust approve ne# reistri*tin plans ea*h ti!e they are *reate, )ut *ertain

*ounties have even stri*ter reistri*tin approval reuire!ents -.Freuently 8s%e @uestions

1 For three "e# $or% 'ity *ounties ; the ron9, Kins an "e# $or% ; the 5S Husti*e

/epart!ent:s 'ivil Eihts /ivision or the 5S /istri*t 'ourt or the /istri*t o 'olu!)ia !ust

revie# an approve the reistri*tin plan to ensure it *o!plies #ith the Votin Eihts 8*ts:

provisions -.Freuently 8s%e @uestions 1

Sylvester 4



Further the state:s 'onstitution spe*iies the nu!)er o !e!)ers or the 8sse!)ly -1>0

an the Senate -63 )ase on *ensus ata that eter!ines the relationship )et#een the *ensus

nu!)ers an the proportional nu!)er o Senators -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 11

8itionally, the "e# $or% State oar o &le*tions sets out the ualii*ations or ea*h ele*te

position #ithin the state 'aniates runnin or Governor, <ieutenant Governor, 8ttorney

General or 'o!ptroller !ust )e a 5S *iti+en, 30 years ol an a resient o "e# $or% or the

last ive years -.Eunnin or Ji*e 1 The ualii*ations or the State <eislature are less

stri*t( *aniates !ust )e 5S *iti+ens, !ust )e 1 years ol an !ust have )een a resient o

the state or the last ive years, an a resient o the istri*t or the last year -.Eunnin or

Ji*e 1

There are aitional ele*te oi*es in the state:s lo*al overn!ents( ho#ever, the

ualii*ations or the! are less stri*t So!e *riti*al lo*al overn!ent positions in "e# $or% are

!ayor, pu)li* avo*ate, *ountry leislators an )orouh presients -in "e# $or% -.<o*al

Govern!ent =an)oo% >? Mayors throuhout the state are ele*te atBlare an serve in

#hi*hever orani+ational stru*ture is present &a*h "e# $or% 'ity has a *oun*ilB!anaer, stron

!ayorB*oun*il, #ea% !ayorB*oun*il or *o!!ission stru*ture, )ut the !ayorB*oun*il stru*tures

are the !ost prevalent toay -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% >1 Cn lo*al overn!ents, the

!ayor an the *ity *oun*il !e!)ers oten have the po#er to inluen*e the issues that resients

en*ounter every ay )e*ause o their pro9i!ity to the issue Cn "e# $or% 'ity, )e*ause o the

*ity: e9*essive population ensity, there are >1 *oun*il !e!)ers an ive )orouh presients

-.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% >6 "e# $or% 'ity:s )orouh presients ea*h represent a part

o the *ity, al!ost li%e a *ounty #oul )e represente, )ut #ithout te*hni*ally )ein a *ounty

orouh presients serve ourByear ter!s an #or% #ith the !ayor to solve pro)le!s in their

Sylvester >



parti*ular )orouh -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% >? Cn aition to the !ayor an *ity

*oun*il, *ities, parti*ularly "e# $or% 'ity, oten pla*e a lot o trust in the pu)li* avo*ate The

pu)li* avo*ate serves to a!pliy resients: voi*es an oten is a steppinBstone to )e*o!in

!ayor, parti*ularly -as Mayor e lasio i in "e# $or% 'ity -.8n &9pensive an 5nne*essary

&le*tion 1

Further, "e# $or% has >? *ounty leislative )oies throuhout the state ea*h *reatin its

o#n leislation -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 4> These leislators are ele*te to serve 2BtoB

4Byear ter!s an have po#er in eter!inin the *ounty:s )uet an appointin epart!ent

heas #ithin the *ounty -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 4> These *oun*ils oten !eet only

on*e or t#i*e a !onth, #ith our *oun*ils !eetin uarterly So!e o these *oun*ils have as

!any as 3D !e!)ers -in 8l)any or as e# as D !e!)ers, epenin on the population o the

*ounty -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 40

"e# $or%:s ele*toral *alenar is *onsistently the su)7e*t o !u*h e)ate )e*ause o its

hih *osts an inei*ien*y The ele*tion *alenar states that the state eneral ele*tions #ill o**ur

in "ove!)er on even nu!)ere years, the *ounty ele*tions in "ove!)er on o an even

nu!)ere years, the *ityto#n ele*tions in "ove!)er on o nu!)ere years an the villae

ele*tions in Mar*h or Hune annually -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% ? The *alenar also

eter!ines that the s*hool istri*t ele*tions #ill )e in May or Hune annually( the s*hool istri*ts

are one e9a!ple o "e# $or%:s !any spe*ial istri*ts in aition to #ater an se#ae istri*ts

-.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo% 6> This part o the *alenar, ho#ever, is not the *ontroversial

aspe*t( the *ontroversy arises #ith "e# $or%:s pri!ary ele*tion syste! "e# $or%:s *urrent

pri!ary syste! reuires separate eeral presiential pri!ary ele*tions, eeral *onressional

pri!ary ele*tions, state an lo*al pri!ary ele*tions an eneral ele*tions Cn a *alenar year, li%e

Sylvester 6



2012, this !eans ele*tions in 8pril, Hune, Septe!)er an "ove!)er a*ross the state -Cn*al*aterra

1 With ea*h o these ele*tions *ostin ta9payers !illions o ollars, it is no surprise that

resients an leislators have trie to *hane this pro*ess ; urin the *o!)ination o state an

eeral pri!aries to save an esti!ate I>0 !illion -."e# $or% 'ity &le*tion 'hoi*es 1 There

are !any isavantaes to "e# $or%:s pri!ary pro*ess !ainly the *ost o runnin so !any

ele*tions, the poor voter turnout an the potential or *onusion a!on voters )e*ause there are

so !any pri!aries

8n aitional *on*ern #ith this pri!ary pro*ess arose in last year:s lo*al ele*tion in "e#

$or% 'ity #hen there #as a runo ele*tion or pu)li* avo*ate in the /e!o*rati* pri!ary -.8n

&9pensive an 5nne*essary &le*tion 1 /e)ate surroune this issue )e*ause o the !illions o

ollars the *ity ha to spen on the runo ele*tion, espite the a*t that the pu)li* avo*ate #as a

little %no#n oi*e an e# resients even vote in the ele*tion -Taylor 1 The pro)le!s #ith

allo#in or the runo ele*tion i no *aniate #ins a !a7ority are the e9*essive *osts an

in*onvenien*e pla*e on the state resients

Still, "e# $or% has aitional ele*tion rules that *ontinue to present *hallenes or

voters Jne o the pro)le!s that has )een re*ently e)ate is the state:s la*% o early votin

"e# $or% oes not allo# early votin an reuires a o*u!ente e9*use to re*eive an a)sentee

)allot -.8)sentee an &arly Votin 1 The aru!ent surrounin this pro)le! has to o #ith

"e# $or%:s poor voter turnout an the in*rease in voter turnout that early votin *oul provie

the state The avantaes to allo#in early votin #oul surely !a%e up or the s!all *osts the

state #oul in*ur havin pollin lo*ations open in avan*e

8 inal pro)le! #ith "e# $or%:s ele*tion syste! is that there are oten rauulent votes

that o unientiie )e*ause o )oth poorly traine poll #or%ers an inelii)le voters )ein liste

Sylvester ?



-."e# $or% 'ity &le*tion 'hoi*es 1 The pra*ti*e o rauulent votin is espe*ially o *on*ern

in "e# $or% 'ity #here party !a*hines are still at #or% #ith thousans o voters in ea*h

pre*in*t en*ourain as !any resients to vote as possi)le Finally, "e# $or% oes allo# or

)allot !easures, )ut oes not allo# or the re*all o state oi*ials *reatin yet another area or

i!prove!ent in the ele*tion rules -.<o*al Govern!ent =an)oo%

8s su*h a iverse state, "e# $or% a*es !any poli*y issues aily, parti*ularly in relation

to re*ent events in the state, su*h as the e*ono!i* *risis, natural isasters an the Sany =oo%

shootin in near)y 'onne*ti*ut Jne o the %ey poli*y issues that has arisen in "e# $or%

re*ently is eu*ation poli*y With eu*ation )ein one o the larest lo))yin e9penitures in

"e# $or% it is o no surprise that it is also a sinii*ant poli*y area There #ere !any *riti*al

eu*ation topi*s on the ta)le urin the re*ent leislative session, in*luin *o!!on *ore

*urri*ulu!, the state )uet an universal preB% eu*ation For tea*hers, lo))yin 8l)any #ith

their unions prote*tin the eu*ation )uet is essential, )ut so is a *o!!it!ent to e9panin

servi*es throuhout the state -Eoers 1

This year alone has )een an i!portant year or the e9pansion o preB%inerarten

prora!s )oth in "e# $or% an on a national level Presient J)a!a aresse preB% prora!s

in his State o the 5nion aress an Governor 'uo!o *o!!itte to !a%in "e# $or% a leaer

in pre%inerarten prora!s -.<eain the 'ounty on PreBK 1 The leislation passe this year,

#ith the help o Governor 'uo!o, Mayor i lasio an other state leislators, e9pane "e#

$or% 'ity:s pre%inerarten prora!s to thousans o *hilren The leislation uarantee I600

!illion in unin or t#o years, #hi*h ena)les "e# $or% 'ity to provie all 4 year ols #ith

ree, ull ay pres*hool prora!s at a reu*e *ost to the state -.<eain the 'ountry on PreBK

Sylvester



1 The leislation is so!ethin that puts "e# $or% at the oreront o the eu*ation poli*y

!ove!ent, )ut is so!ethin that is still stronly roote in "e# $or%:s /e!o*rati* leislature

Funin or eu*ation has not only in*rease in "e# $or% 'ity, )ut also has re*ently

in*rease state#ie #ith a I1 )illion in*rease in eu*ation unin throuh the state:s )uet

-Kruy 1 8itionally, in ter!s o eu*ation the *o!!on *ore *urri*ulu! stanars have also

)een the su)7e*t o !u*h e)ate in 8l)any, #ith !any tea*hers opposin the stanars #hile

)usiness *oun*ils support the prora!s )e*ause o their potential )eneits to the #or%or*e

-Eoers 1 The *o!!on *ore e)ate is 7ust part o the state#ie *onversation o**urrin a)out

the ire*tion or "e# $or%:s eu*ational poli*y to hea in

8nother poli*y area that has )een prevalent in "e# $or% has )een the issue o un

*ontrol With parts o the state )ein 7ust an hour a#ay ro! Sany =oo% &le!entary S*hool,

un *ontrol )e*a!e an i!portant poli*y area, parti*ularly in "e# $or% 'ity For!er "e# $or%

'ity Mayor loo!)er #as very passionate a)out un *ontrol, parti*ularly as he or!e his

Mayors or 8ainst Clleal Guns orani+ation "e# $or% #as the irst state to respon to the

Sany =oo% shootin )y passin the S8F& 8*t -Si*h%o 1 Cn this response, the "e# $or%

Senate an 8sse!)ly passe leislation *reatin stri*ter reulations on assault #eapons in 7ust

20 hours -A8 /ealine or Granathere Weapons 1 The )ill #as passe #ith a lare !a7ority

in ea*h )oy o the leislature, in*luin 11 Eepu)li*an Senators #ho supporte the )ill Gun

*ontrol is a very hot topi* in "e# $or% parti*ularly )e*ause o the !any vo*al proBun *ontrol

roups lo))yin in 8l)any or stri*ter un *ontrol !easures -/onieo 1 These resients ro!

"e# $or% 8ainst Gun Violen*e an State <eislators 8ainst Clleal Guns o to 8l)any to

*onvin*e "e# $or% leislators o the i!portan*e o *ontinue i!prove!ents to the S8F& 8*t

-/onieo 1 8lthouh the S8F& 8*t is supporte )y !any resients, parti*ularly /e!o*rats,

Sylvester D



there has )een lots o opposition ro! Eepu)li*ans throuhout the state, in*luin Eepu)li*an

*aniates or oi*e #ho #oul propose re!ovin the S8F& 8*t is they #ere ele*te -.8

/ealine or Granathere Weapons 1

C )elieve the politi*s o "e# $or% #ill *ontinue o#n the path they are on pri!arily

)e*ause o the stron presen*e, an inluen*e, o "e# $or% 'ity on politi*s #ithin the state C

thin% the stron /e!o*rati* !a7ority #ithin the leislators ro! the 'ity is al#ays )oun to tip

ea*h )oy so that the /e!o*rats have the !a7ority When analy+in trens in re*ent ele*tions,

one *an see the over#hel!in nu!)er o /e!o*rats present, parti*ularly in the 'ity For

e9a!ple, in the 2012 ele*tion, the state totale 4,4>,?41 votes -or J)a!a an 2,4D0,431 votes

-or Eo!ney, )ut the totals insie "e# $or% 'ity #ere !u*h !ore rasti* #ith a larer !a7ority

o 1,D4>,?> votes or J)a!a an only 401,4?D vote or Eo!ney -."$S oar o &le*tions

Presient 1 Jverall, trens si!ilar to this appear in all ele*tions throuhout the state, #ith a

!u*h !ore star% *ontrast )et#een /e!o*rats an Eepu)li*ans seen in the 'ity *o!pare to

upstate "e# $or% The ra*ial an e*ono!i* iversity #ithin "e# $or% 'ity provies a *ontrast

to the less iverse upstate population "e# $or% 'ity:s /e!o*rati* o!inan*e in the state !eans

that its ele*te oi*ials #ill *ontinue to have !ore inluen*e than !ost typi*al lo*al oi*ials

8itionally, another i!portant state issue that !ay *o!e to liht soon is the issue o

*a!pain reor! #ithin "e# $or% 8s #as !entione, "e# $or%:s ele*tion pro*esses *oul )e

i!prove, parti*ularly in rear to li!itin the po#er o spe*ial interests The leislation

Governor 'uo!o #ants to pass #oul provie *a!pain reor!s, as he ha oriinally pro!ise,

in*luin pu)li* inan*in o *aniates an la#s to li!it spe*ial interests an in*rease

*o!petition #ithin ele*tions -A'an "e# $or% <ea on 'a!pain Finan*e Eeor!LA 1 The

prospe*t o leislation li!itin spe*ial interests provies a very interestin uestion or "e#

Sylvester 10



$or%( parti*ularly #hat #oul "e# $or% loo% li%e #ith e#er inluential spe*ial interests y

li!itin the po#er o spe*ial interests, to inluen*e state politi*s, "e# $or% *oul su**ee in

revitali+in ho# ele*tions are run an *oul )rin )a*% the *o!petitive ele*tions that have )een

!issin ro! !any parts o the state

Jverall C thin% that "e# $or% #ill *ontinue on in the sa!e #ay it has or years, #ith a

lare /e!o*rati* inluen*e over its poli*ies an an in*rease in po#er ro! #ithin "e# $or%

'ity "e# $or% 'ity has alreay )een *ite as a *ity that is ro#in aster than the !etro area

that surrouns it -.'ity vs Metro Population Gro#thA 1 C )elieve "e# $or% 'ity, an the state

in eneral, #ill *ontinue to e9pan in population over the ne9t e# years an #ith that it #ill

*ontinue to re!ain on the oreront o passin /e!o*rati* poli*ies in line #ith the ieals o the

!a7ority o the resients o the state

Wor%s 'ite

Sylvester 11



A2010 'ensus /ataA New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and

Reapportionment - Data "e# $or% State <eislative Tas% For*e on /e!oraphi* Eesear*h an

Eeapportion!ent B /ata, n We) 13 May 2014

A8)out 5sA New York State Senate "e# $or% State Senate, n We) 13 May 2014

A8)sentee an &arly VotinA National Conference of State Legislatures "'S<, 26 Fe) 2014 We) 13

May 2014

A'ity vs Metro Population Gro#thA State Consumer !nitiatives The Pe# 'harita)le Trusts, 12 Huly

2012 We) 13 May 2014

/eWitt, Karen A"$ Eea*hes <o))yin Spenin Ee*or I210 Million, Most ro! Top Cnterest

Groups WSKGorA "S#$ WSKG Pu)li* Tele*o!!uni*ations 'oun*il, ? 8pr 2014 We) 13

May 2014

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New York State $overnment &olitical News <eislativeGa+ette*o!, > May 2014 We) 13 May

2014

&itorial oar A'an "e# $or% <ea on 'a!pain Finan*e Eeor!LA The New York Times The "e#

$or% Ti!es, 13 Mar 2014 We) 13 May 2014

&itorial oar A8 /ealine or Granathere WeaponsA The New York Times The "e# $or% Ti!es,

14 8pr 2014 We) 13 May 2014

&itorial oar A8n &9pensive an 5nne*essary &le*tionA The New York Times The "e# $or%

Ti!es, 0D Mar 2014 We) 13 May 2014

&itorial oar A<eain the 'ountry on PreBKA The New York Times The "e# $or% Ti!es, 31 Mar

2014 We) 13 May 2014

&itorial oar A"e# $or% 'ity &le*tion 'hoi*esA The New York Times The "e# $or% Ti!es, 23

8u 2013 We) 13 May 2014

A&le*te Eepresentatives or "e# $or% State )y Ji*e an /istri*tA State o "e# $or% oar o

&le*tions "p, 13 May 2014 We)

Sylvester 12



AFreuently 8s%e @uestionsA New York State Legislative Task Force on Demographic Research and

Reapportionment - F'()s "e# $or% State <eislative Tas% For*e on /e!oraphi* Eesear*h an

Eeapportion!ent, n We) 13 May 2014

=upl, 8shley ATo)a**o <o))yin Soars in "e# $or%, Eeport SaysA Democrat Chronicle Gannett,

12 Fe) 2014 We) 13 May 2014

Cn*al*aterra, <aura A&le*tions )y the ushel 'ostlyA Lohud*com Gannett, 20 8pr 2012 We) 13 May

2014

Kaplan, Tho!as AProB'uo!o Group Eepeats as Top Spener on <o))yinA The New York Times The

"e# $or% Ti!es, 2 Mar 2013 We) 13 May 2014

Kehoe, To AJ the <ist What <o))yists, <eislators 8re Tal%in a)out in "e# $or%A 'l+an,

usiness Review 8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals, May 2014 We) 13 May 2014

Kruy, &#ar A"e# $or% Eea*hes Nlan!ar%N 8ree!ent #ith Tea*hersA Reuters Tho!son Eeuters,

01 May 2014 We) 13 May 2014

"$S oar o &le*tions Presient an Vi*eBPresient &le*tion Eeturns "ov 6, 2012 D Han 2013 Ea#

ata "p

"$SVoter &nroll!ent )y 41st Senate /istri*t, Party 8iliation an Status 1 8pr 2014 Ea# ata "p

Eo)inson, /avi A"e# $or% <o))yists 'olle*te a Ee*or I1D1 Million to Steer 'onversation in

8l)any to =ealth 'are an &u*ation, &nery an Ga!)linA 'l+an, usiness Review

8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals, D May 2014 We) 13 May 2014

Eoers, Mean Ausiness 'oun*il Plees Support or 'o!!on 'ore B 8l)any usiness

Eevie#A 'l+an, usiness Review 8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals, 3 Mar 2014 We) 13 May

2014

Eoers, Mean A"e#est 'on*ern #ith 'o!!on 'ore &u*ation Stanars in "$ Cs Ee*ruitin

Tea*hers B 8l)any usiness Eevie#A 'l+an, usiness Review 8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals,

4 8pr 2014 We) 13 May 2014

Sylvester 13



Eoers, Mean AState 8i Cn*reases or S*hool /istri*ts uner 2014B1> uet B 8l)any usiness

Eevie#A 'l+an, usiness Review 8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals, 1 8pr 2014 We) 13 May

2014

AEunnin or Ji*eA New York State oard of .lections &age "e# $or% State oar o &le*tions,

2012 We) 13 May 2014

Si*h%o, 8a! A"e# $or% &na*ts Touher Gun <a#s as J)a!a Pursues Sa!e Goal B 8l)any usiness

Eevie#A 'l+an, usiness Review 8!eri*an 'ity usiness Hournals, 16 Han 2013 We) 13 May

2014

State o "e# $or% /epart!ent o State Local $overnment /and+ook 6th e "p np, n Local

$overnment /and+ook State o "e# $or% /epart!ent o State, 2011 We) 13 May 2014

Taylor, Kate A=ihB'ost Euno or Pu)li* 8vo*ate:s Post Pro!pts 'alls or Eeor!A The New York

Times The "e# $or% Ti!es, 2D Sept 2013 We) 13 May 2014

Sylvester 14

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Final Paper