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Final Exam Review
Unit 2: Natural Disasters
Earthquake
violent shaking of the ground
Cause of EarthquakeMovement of tectonic plates
• Subduction zone• Transform fault
Type of damage from an Earthquake
destruction, building damage, road damage, ruptured pipes, death
Where Earthquakes occurat plate boundaries
Safety during an Earthquake
Relationship to TsunamisCause of a tsunami, displaces a large amount of
water at subduction zone
Richter Scalemeasures magnitude of earthquake, 1-10 (10
the worst)
Tsunami
Cause of a tsunami displacement of water, earthquake under water
Type of DamageFlooding, mass destruction
Warning of a TsunamiWater recedes, recent earthquake
Safety during a TsunamiRun to higher ground
Volcano Movement of tectonic plates, subduction zones
DamageLava flows, Property destruction
Where?Plate boundaries- subduction zones
DormantA volcano that has not erupted in a long time
but has the potential to erupt again
Cattle Graze Beneath the Dormant Volcano Mt. Taranaki or Egmont Taranaki New Zealand
Active A volcano that is currently erupting
ExtinctA volcano that has erupted in the past but will
not erupt again
Active Dormant Extinct
Magma
Molten rock below Earth’s surface, before it erupts from a volcano
Lava
Molten rock above Earth’s surface, what is erupting from a volcano
Tornado• Forms from a supercell thunderstorm • a cold air mass and a warm air mass combine-
the cold air mass drops below the warm air mass eventually twisting
Where they form• Flat land• Tornado alley
Type of damageMass destruction of anything in its path
Safety
Fujita scalemeasures the intensity of a tornado on a scale of
1-5 (5 the worst)
HurricaneForms over warm water
Type of damage1. Storm surge- flooding 2. Wind- downed trees, flying debris
Wind SpeedGreater than 74 mph
Storm Surgewater from ocean gets pushed onto shore
causing flooding
typhoon
• Pacific ocean
cyclone
• Indian Ocean
Forest Fires
• Cause – Human: main
cause of forest fires, arson, campfires, cigarettes
– Nature: lightening, sun
Fire Triangle
• Fuel• Oxygen• Heat Source
Controlled burningremoves fuel for a fire- undergrowth, brush, leaf
litter
Where they occurIn dry, arid areas such as out West- heat,
drought, frequent thunderstorms
Damage • habitat destruction• property damage
Benefits• Clearing the forest floor• providing habitat• killing disease• new generations