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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We, students from second year section A2AH, are indebted to our Divine Creator
whose guidance continues to shine upon us up to the final straw of this project. We thank
Him for giving us guidance in our path and making us become stronger and better people
to pursue the true nature of the community diagnosis. We are grateful for the
enlightenment of knowing the situation in the community and the trials that face the
depressed areas in the Philippine community setting.
We thank our dear parents for their support during the hardships we had
experienced, and most of all for believing in our capabilities. To our mom and dad we give
our dearest appreciation.
We are grateful to Ms. Georgie de Leon and Ms. Liza Callang, our untiring and
enthusiastic Health Care II instructors to whom we seek knowledge and advice, and whose
persistence and constant reminders push us to strive for the better, or perhaps, the best of
what we can give. Thank you for your patience and for believing in us. Without you
ma’am, our experienced in the community would not be exciting and as valuable as it can
be.
To our alma mater, Perpetual Help College of Manila, we are thankful for its
adequate facilities as well as its globally competitive training that help aid those in need in
the community.
To the beloved Chairman Elpidio “Amang” L. Buenaventura and Barangay
kagawads, we extend our gratitude appreciation for ensuring our safety and for
cooperating in the activities.
And to our groupmates, for believing in each other’s capabilities, for giving support
to one another, for giving their time, and their very best cooperation and assistance, we
thank you.
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2
INTRODUCTION
The community diagnosis deals with families, groups and population. The
one with the most priority in this situational ANALYSIS: is the primary client. It will
always be a patient/client-centered process. The community diagnosis serves as one of our
requirements to practice rendering care not only to a person but to a group of people or in
a specified community.
In this community assessment we will be collecting, collating and analyzing
data which refer to all members of the family. Such of the valuable information are
population, economic indices, socio-cultural indices, and environmental indices. The
information that will be gathered will be our basis in identifying the health status of the
community and will help us know the risk factors contributing to certain illness or diseases.
Likewise, the community may directly or indirectly influence the health of the population.
The nursing diagnosis will be derived after analyzing the health needs and
problems identified in the community. Therefore, it will lead in developing and
implementing community health nursing interventions and strategies.
3
RATIONALE
Through this community health assessment and diagnosis, the students will have
hands-on experience on the subject matter of health promotion. The students’ observation
skills, interviewing skills, critical thinking, creativity and resourcefulness will be enhanced.
These skills will help the students to plan on possible actions and solutions that can solve
the community problem and can further lead to community betterment.
Nursing students will be able to gain an in-depth understanding on the importance
of health nursing. The implementation and application of the theoretical concepts could be
practiced in the community to promote health and minimize the spread of communicable
diseases within the community. Nursing students can also put in to use and apply the
health teachings they received from the school to diagnose and assess clients of the
community such as family members which will be interviewed and surveyed.
4
PURPOSE
The ultimate purpose of the community health assessment and diagnosis is to help
the people to have reality awareness so that they will realize that there is a need for change,
further development, empowerment as well as community competence. Through
assessment, the financial, sanitary, political, social and environmental aspect of the
problem can be determined and thus help the students to formulate diagnosis. In this way,
proper solutions and interventions can be made to solve the problem.
We can also influence them by promoting health in their family because we know
that the basic unity of the society is the family. Thus, if each family is well oriented and
knowledgeable about health prevention and promotion, the community will have less
problems.
We would like to inform them in health promotion and disease prevention. We
want them to be aware of the threats that can affect their way of living.
5
STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES
General Objectives:
On community immersion, the students will be able to enumerate, identify and
formulate possible solutions to the community problems that are present in Brgy. 232 Zone
21 District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Specific Objectives:
1. To coordinate with barangay health officers for the access of the vital statistics and
other health related data of the barangay.
2. To establish rapport through good conversation with the community members.
3. To conduct a windshield survey to Brgy. 232, Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo,
Manila to observe environmental factors, lifestyles, activities and practices that
might affect the residents’ health.
4. To conduct a house-to-house survey and interview to the residents in the Brgy. 232,
Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
5. To enhance programs implemented in promoting a healthy lifestyle.
6. To promote a healthy environment by educating them on possible effects brought
about by environmental hazards.
7. To educate the families on different disease prevention and health promotion.
6
METHODOLOGY AND TOOLS USED
a. Classroom lectures and discussions
We have been oriented about the community exposure and we had lectures
and activities. Examples on lectures are how to establish priorities, creating initial
data base, community assessment and so on.
b. Ocular inspection
In this process we are assigned to survey the community environment,
sanitation and the eight subsystems of the community (housing, education, fire and
safety, politics and government, health, communication, economics, and recreation).
We are assigned to do the spot mapping. We had our ocular inspection for us to be
familiar with the place.
c. Interview
It is an interaction between the clients and students. It is a step that aids in
our data gathering of the family’s profile. It is a process of establishing rapport and
creating good relationship between clients and student nurse.
d. Home visit
It is a family and nurse contact which allows the student nurse to conduct or
assess the family’s lifestyle and situation.
e. Survey sheet
It is a material used to save time and effort. It serves as the basis to gather
information regarding family profile and health background.
f. Bag technique
The purpose of this tool is to save time and effort in providing nursing care
on disease prevention and health promotion.
g. The Nursing Practice in the Community book authored by Ms. Arceli Maglaya
This serves our basis, guideline and reference for added information with our
community situational analysis.
h. Brain storming
This is sharing of personal insights, ideas or views regarding the community
analysis.
7
SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The A2AH group 4 students of Perpetual Help College of Nursing (Manila) are
limited to conduct a comprehensive community health diagnosis within the jurisdiction of
Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tondo, Tayuman, Manila, starting from July 28, 2008.
Gathering of data was done through house-to- house survey, observation and interview to
the residents in the barangay.
The scope of the study is limited to 45 families in Brgy. 232, Zone 21, District II
Tayuman, Tondo, Manila. The information gathered was based on what the clients
verbalized and up to only to the specified time given. ANALYSIS: of the problems
identified was based on the factors contributing to the poor health we had observed only
during our community immersion.
This community health diagnosis is only limited in identifying community problem
present in the said barangay. We did not also gathered all pertinent data necessary for
Socio-Cultural Indices specifically with regard to the computation of the literacy rate of the
residence in the community. ANALYSIS: of the leading cause of morbidity was based on
the factors contributing to the poor health we have observed.
8
SETTING OF THE COMMUNITY
In Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila is bounded in the
jurisdiction of the said barangay. Specifically, the streets included are San Lorenzo St., St.
Jude St., Nazareno St., San Antonio De Padua St., Sto. Nino St., Katamanan St., Tayabas
Yuseco St., and Daang Bakal Street. The total respondents for the study were 45 families.
In the community, there are concrete houses and proper established residences which could
be considered as formal housing. There are also mixed types of housing that looks like
makeshift due to the fact that these houses are viewed as slum or squatters types of
housing.
During our community immersion, the climate was been unfavorable with our
activities because of the changing condition of rain and suddenly sunny weather. However,
it doesn’t seem for us as a barrier of continuously doing our task in family
survey/interview.
Moreover, the predominant type of communication in the area is by cell phones,
thus, other means is through landline. They also interact with their neighbors through
gossips and intrigues or visit other neighbors or family members. If there are any
announcements, they use the megaphone that goes around the community.
The families’ means of transportation are private vehicles as well as public
transportation such as jeepneys and tricycles. Sometimes, they also prefer walking in going
in a certain place so as to save money and a benefit of exercise.
Other subsystems can also be found in the area such as the Barangay Hall located in
San Lorenzo street, there’s a chapel/church to be found in the streets compound, a fire
station and police station near outside the vicinity of the barangay, the draining canal and
street light is just visible when you walk along the streets, such institution like school and
9
DOH is seen in the jurisdiction of the area. Some recreational units are to be found such as
courts and play ground.
In accordance with economic aspect, there to see different source of income in
specified form of sari-sari store, market, bakery and eatery.
And for the health relation, an accommodating Health Center is there to provide the
health problems of the people in the community. It also serves as their health seek
information source.
10
11
A. POPULATION
I. Total Population of the Barangay = 3,444
II. Total Population of the Families Surveyed = 45 families
III. Sex Ratio of Families Surveyed
SEX RATIO = No. of Males x 100
No. of Females
SR = 116 x 100
143
= 81
SR=29:36
ANALYSIS:
The sex ratio compares the number of males to the number of females in the
population. The sex ratio represents the number of males for every 100 females in the
population.
Furthermore, the population of female is higher than the males. That illustration
suggests that barangay official should provide programs and project pertaining to the
needs and which are appropriate to the male group. However, it dependent doesn't mean
that female’s needs would be taken for granted. As for males program to implement is
Smoking Cessation Program also conducting seminars regarding drug abuse, alcoholism,
child and wife abuse and crime should be given a focus. As for female, Breastfeeding
Program, Family Planning and Maternal and Child Care should be also be given attention.
12
IV. Age and Sex Distribution of Families Surveyed in Barangay 232, Zone 21,
District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila as of July 28, 2008.
Table 1
Percentage No. of Male Age Group No. of Female Percentage
4% 5 65 & Up 7 5%
3% 4 61-64 1 1%
2% 3 57-60 8 6%
3% 4 53-56 4 3%
6% 7 49-52 11 8%
4% 6 45-48 7 5%
3% 3 41-44 4 3%
6% 7 37-40 6 4%
3% 3 33-36 7 5%
8% 9 29-32 14 10%
6% 7 25-28 9 6%
9% 10 21-24 15 10%
7% 8 17-20 18 13%
5% 6 14-16 14 10%
10% 12 09-13 5 3%
10% 12 05-08 6 4%
5% 6 03-04 2 1%
4% 5 0-02 5 3%
100% 116 Total 143 100%
13
Males
Females
14
INTERPRETATION:
The table and graph show that the number of male is 116 or 45% and the number of
female is 143 or 55 %. The highest percentage of male in the population is 5-8 years of age
and 9-13 that consist of 12 males (10%) while the female population is 17-20 years of age
which have 18 females (13%).
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the age brackets fall on 17-20 years old which represents the highest
percentage of 13% in the female category. These ages are expected to lead or participate in
whatever projects or programs implemented in the community. They are expected to be the
future leaders of the society or the so called “next generation”.
In these ages, the peer pressure is very intense in which individuals are prone to
vices such as smoking, alcoholism, gambling and drug addiction. With these problems,
barangay officials must divert their attention to such activities like sports; an example
would be the “LIGA ng BARANGAY.” Teenagers may also be engaged in the community
activities during fiestas like dance competition, battle of the bands, pageants, fiesta’s games
and Church events.
The next age bracket with the next highest population is 21-24 which contains 25
individuals. These are the marrying age which means that these individuals are going to the
point of making their own family. In this stage, these individuals must be ready of taking
their life’s responsibilities. These individuals must be fully aware of what life is really all
about. In this age they must practice independency. They must have a stable job in order
to support their own family in the future.
The Barangay should have seminars regarding on livelihood so the individuals will
have an idea on how to have an extra income, hence, the poverty rate will be lowered. This
implies that many of them should be self supporting.
15
Although aged people are of the least number, program that can be given to them is
Health Development Program for Older Person (Elderly Health). The care giver to this
people must be informed on how the right way in taking good care of the elders.
V. Civil Status
Frequency and Percentage Distribution showing the Civil Status of Individuals
15 y/o & above in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 2
Civil Status Frequency Percentage
Single 76 36%
Married 112 54%
Separated/Divorced 6 3%
Single Parent 6 3%
Widow 9 4%
Common Law 0 0%
Total 209 100%
16
INTERPRETATION:
Majority of the respondents are married which consists of (112) 54%.Then it follows
(76)36% which are single. Thus, 9 families or 4% are for the widow category. And with an
additional six families for both separated and single parents having 3%.
ANALYSIS:
The data shows that the highest percentage is the married individuals. Each
married family should have enough knowledge when it comes to family planning so that
over population will be avoided in order to lessen poverty cases in the community.
For single individuals within the community, using of contraception or family
planning methods should be taught in order to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Family
planning should also be considered with the single individuals for future practice.
Family planning and proper contraception both natural and artificial should be
lectured and given attention in the community, whether the individuals being taught are
married or single. Having the knowledge of population control will decrease the event that
there will be a population boom within the community. Preventing unwanted pregnancies
within the community can increase a family purchasing power per capital since there are
less family member incomes to provide.
17
VI. Population Movement – length of stay in the area of the families surveyed.
Percentage Distribution Showing the Length of Residency of Family Surveyed in
Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 3
Length of Residency Frequency Percentage
<6 months 2 4%
6 months-1 Year 0 0%
1-5 years 4 9%
6-10 years 6 13%
10 years & above 33 73%
Total 45 100%
A. Percentage Distribution Showing the Length of Residency of Families Surveyed in
Barangay 232. Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
INTERPRETATION:
It is shown in table 3 and illustrated that 10 years and above length of residency
obtains the highest frequency of 33 or a percentage of 73.In contrast, the lowest frequency
18
is the family who reside less than 6 months which only have two families or 4%. The second
highest is the family which reside 6-10 years in the community consist of six family with the
percentage of 13. Next is 4 or 9% which is categorized for the family who reside 1-5 years.
Lastly, 2 or 4% with the length of residency that is less than 6 months.
ANALYSIS:
According to the data shown above, most of the populations have been living in
Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila since birth and some is
staying for more than 10 years now and many have transferred to the said location for less
than 5 years. Meaning, the population increased. It attracts new people to migrate to their
place because it shows progress and development.
Most of the population live in the Barangay for a long time or might say they have
stayed in their place since they were born. Thus, they get used with the behavior of their
neighbor. Aside from the fact of being aware with the different lifestyle that the
community have; hence, it is easy for them to cope with the stress times they’ll encounter.
Those experiences helped them minimized certain people behavior adjustments.
In relation with health, there is a relative influence in the place they lived period.
People live in the congested area for a long time is more susceptible of acquiring illnesses of
such factor since it influencing the health. Like for instance, the place is crowded so there is
also inadequate living space wherein it is conducive to the presence of mosquitoes breeding
site and might bring vector diseases that can be transferred to the people living in the
community.
19
B. ECONOMIC INDICES
I. Dependency Ratio
Formula: DP = No. of Po. 0 – 14 y/o + 65 y/o & above X 100
Population of 15 – 64 y/o
DP =__85_____ X 100
174
= 48.85% or 49%
ANALYSIS:
The dependency ratio tells us how many young people (under 15) and older people
(over 64) depend on people of working age (15 to 64). This is a measure of the portion of a
population which is composed of dependents (people who are too young or too old to work).
This shows that majority of the total population in the community is independent or
productive group compared to the dependent and unproductive people. That is what is
expected. However, this is not the reality because some people who are supposed to be
earning individuals are not. Some of them are still studying while some are unemployed.
This adds to the burden of productive individuals, many mouths to feed and many hands
are asking for supports.
The independent will provide the needs of the dependent group with regards to
education and expenses in school; expenses for medication and hospitalization and other
basic needs such as the food, shelter and clothing.
In the community setting though, it is very positive output that there are fewer
dependents than independents. This mean that the families would have sufficient if not
excess income that can provide their necessities and needs such as food, shelter, health,
services, clothing and other commodities that can give them a better living. A better
lifestyle would mean that they would be healthier than those with less since they are able to
provide each family member with sufficient basic needs.
20
II. Average Income
Percentage Distribution Showing the Average Income of Earning Individuals of
Barangay 232. Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 4
Income per Month Frequency Percentage
<1000 0 0%
1000-2999 5 7%
3000-4999 16 21%
5000-6999 30 40%
7000-8999 6 8%
9000-10999 5 7%
11000-12999 4 5%
15000 & above 9 12%
Total 75 100%
21
INTERPRETATION:
The data shows that the highest frequency receives income of P5000-P6999 with a
frequency of 30 and percentage of 42%.Thus, 13 individuals or 18% of the population
receive P3000-P4999.Then,8 individuals receive P15000 and above monthly. Six (8%)
individuals receive P7000-P8999 per month; P9000-P10999 is the amount per month of the
5 individuals or 7%. Lastly, 5 individuals or 7% receive P11000-P12999.
ANALYSIS:
The data shows that the income can only sustain the basic needs of each family. If
time comes that one of them suffer from sickness they are not ready to go to the hospitals so
some of them go to the herbularyo first as for immediate relief. They can’t afford to have
leisure times so the way to unwind is by talking to their neighborhood and having drinking
sessions with them.
According to our information source statement, many of them have a better job that
is enough to sustain the basic needs of the family. But they are not able to provide the
wants of each family member.
This reality shows that even many individuals are earning through their own job,
there still can visualize the insufficiency in providing the necessities,
III. TYPES OF OCCUPATION
Percentage Distribution showing the Type of Occupation of Earning Individuals 15
y/o and above in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District II, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 5
Occupation Frequency Percentage
Labandera 2 3%
Vendor 14 20%
Pedicab driver 4 6%
Engineer 1 1%
22
Telecommunication
representative1 1%
Nurse 1 1%
Office worker 1 1%
Carpenter 3 4%
Painter 2 3%
Jolibee/McDonald's crew 3 4%
Welder 2 3%
Waitress/waiter 1 1%
Saleslady/salesman 4 6%
Factory worker 1 1%
Taxi driver 4 6%
Seaman 2 3%
Businessman/businesswoman 2 3%
Secretary 2 3%
Chief receptionist 1 1%
Tricycle driver 6 8%
Computer assistant 1 1%
Interpreter 1 1%
Brgy. Tanod 1 1%
Cook 1 1%
Canteen vendor 1 1%
Beautician (parlor) 2 3%
Singer 2 3%
Messenger 3 4%
Field researcher 1 1%
Barber 1 1%
Total 71 100%
INTERPRETATION:
23
The table shows that in blue collar jobs, the preceding work are included such as the
vendor has the highest percentage of 20% (14), tricycle driver consists of 8% (6), pedicab
driver, salesman, saleslady and taxi driver with 6% (4), the carpenter, Jollibee/Mcdonalds
crew, and messenger with 4% (3), labandera, welder, beautician (parlor) and singer of 3%
and the waitress/waiter, factory worker, Brgy. Tanod, cook (eatery), canteen vendor and
barber with 1% (1). While in the highest percentages in the white collar jobs are painter,
seaman, business man/woman and secretary with (2)3%. Thus, the engineer, Telcom
representative, nurse, office worker, chief receptionist, computer assistant, interpreter and
field researcher is 1%.
ANALYSIS:
In the community, the vendor has the highest frequency and percentage. It only
illustrates that this work are considered to belong to the blue collar-type of job. But even
for every single person, having a different type of occupation is included in the white collar
jobs.
They don’t have stable earning. It only shows that the kind of job only provides the
basic needs of the family. When time comes where they encounter problems, they don’t
have enough money to support the medicines or the hospitalization so usually when this
time comes they first ask the help herbalists.
They don’t have time for leisure activities their way of enjoying themselves is only
by talking to their neighbor and sometimes when they have party celebration it’s the
drinking session.
C. Socio-Cultural Indices
24
I. Literacy Rate
Formula: LR = no. of pop. 8 years old and above who can write & read x 100
Total no. of pop. 8 year old and above
II. Educational Attainment
Percentage Distribution Showing Educational Attainment of Individuals
Surveyed of Barangay 232. Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 6
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage
No Formal Education 0 0%
Elementary Level 30 13%
Elementary Graduate 21 9%
High School Level 42 19%
High School Graduate 73 32%
College Level 34 15%
College Graduate 26 12%
Vocational 0 0%
Total 226 100%
Educational Attainment
25
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest frequency is the high school graduate which
consists of 73 individuals or 32% of the population. Then, the second has a frequency of 42
individuals or 19% belongs to high school level. Elementary Level has a frequency of 30
individuals or 13%, 26 individuals or 12% from the individuals belong to the college
graduate. Lastly, 9% or 21 individuals included in the elementary graduate.
ANALYSIS:
The community is considered to be a depressed area but still there is a high
population of the members of the families that are educated at a tertiary level. In this
assessment, it somehow means that even though one may have had tertiary education, there
may still be the prevalence of poverty or depression based on the community that they live
in because of the observed fact that they are staying in a crowded community.
It is good indicator though that there are many who’ve had formal education even at an
elementary level. This means that they would still be literate in the art of reading and
26
writing but due to financial reasons or personal dilemma, they may not have had the
opportunity to continue on with their studies.
III. Religion
Percentage Distribution showing the Religion of Families Surveyed in Barangay 232. Zone
21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila
Table 7
Religion Frequency Percentage
Catholic 43 96%
Baptist 1 2%
Iglesia ni Kristo 1 2%
Total 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
27
The graph shows that most of the population belongs to the Catholic religion which
consists of 96% and a frequency of 1 or 2% for both Baptist and Iglesia Ni Kristo.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the family our group had surveyed are Roman Catholic in religion, in
this religion there’s no such conflict regarding with the health of the people because
prohibiting of specific food is not applicable. Only in specific event like holy week, the food
intake is minimized but this fact doesn’t exist as a problem with health because it is not
continuous. Otherwise some are implementing certain food restriction in relation with the
last statement, we have only noted two different religion aside from Roman Catholic, this
one family is Baptist and the other one is Iglesia Ni Kristo. Because of this instance, the
religious belief and practices must be respected with health practitioner or community
health provider.
IV. Place of Origin
Percentage Distribution Showing the Place of Origin of Husband & Wife Surveyed in
Barangay 232. Zone 21, District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 8
Place of Origin Husband Percentage Wife Percentage
Luzon 12 27% 19 42%
Visayas 6 13% 2 4%
Mindanao 1 1% 2 4%
NCR 26 58% 22 49%
Total 45 100% 45 100%
Husband
28
Wife
INTERPRETATION:
29
The graph shows that highest frequency of place of origin belongs to NCR which
has 26 individuals or 58 in percentage. Then, the second one is from Luzon which has 12 in
frequency or 27% in the population. Next, Visayas has 6 in frequency or 13% in
percentage. Lastly, the lowest frequency of place of origin belongs to Mindanao which has 1
individual or 2% in the population.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of husband and wife came from NCR. The reason why most of the
husband and wife came from NCR because many of them born in NCR. Living in the
urban or civilized area has disadvantage and advantage when it comes to health situation.
The disadvantage is, as we all know many job opportunities are given in the urban area
that’s why they have enough money to sustain in case that they have problem in their
health. Then, the disadvantage is that in the urban area are prone of acquiring into many
cases of diseases because of that NCR is a polluted place.
V. Housing
Percentage Distribution Showing the Types of Housing in Barangay 232. Zone 21,
District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 9
Type of Housing No. of Families Percentage
Makeshift 5 11%
Light 0 0%
Strong 27 60%
Mixed 13 29%
Total 45 100%
30
V. Housing
A. Percentage Distribution Showing the Types of Housing in Barangay 232. Zone 21,
District 2, Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest frequency of families is 27 or 60% of the population
which has a strong type of house; mixed type of house is the next one who has 29% or 13
individuals. Makeshift type of house has only 5 families or 11% over the population.
ANALYSIS:
Most of the families have the strong type of housing. Strong type of houses are
stronger, durable and harder and a better house to live. The major materials used in
building the house are the strong type because it last longer and it is the safest kind of
house.
The people must have the information on how to manage if there is a calamity that
they will encounter like having fires and typhoon.
31
On the other hand, some residents are not able to have the strong type of house
because of financial matters.
B. Percentage Distribution Showing House Ownership in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2
Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 10
Ownership Frequency Percentage
Owned 25 56%
Rent 11 24%
Rent-Free 9 20%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The highest percentage of the house ownership belongs to the families who
have their own houses which consist of 25 families or 56% of the population. Then, there
are 11 families or 24% for the family who are just renting their house. Lastly, there are 9
families or 20% of the population who are rent-free.
32
ANALYSIS:
Most of the families in the community have their own houses. It has a big advantage
to them because of having security and having the ability to choose their way of living.
Most of them have their own houses because majority was born in Manila. Otherwise,
some don’t have their own houses because of financial reasons. This can be a foreseeable
crisis since the families do not have a stable residence.
C. Percentage Distribution Showing the Kinds of Ventilation of Houses in Barangay 232,
Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 11
Ventilation Frequency Percentage
Adequate 28 62.2%
Inadequate 17 37.6%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
33
The graph shows that 28 families or 62% of the population have adequate
ventilation while 17 families or 38% of the families have inadequate ventilation.
ANALYSIS:
Having adequate ventilation contributes to proper hygiene because the families can
inhale fresh air and it lessens the possibility of having any kind of illness, but too much
ventilation can increase the flow of dust and other free radicals entering the premises or
boundaries of the house or rooms.
Inadequate ventilation is a hindrance of getting sufficient oxygen supply which our
body needs. It can be a health threat to the family members because if a member of the
family has an illness, there is a high possibility that the disease will be transmitted to the
other members. It is highly recommended that the family should have adequate ventilation
because this promotes health by providing sufficient oxygen to the body and making the
families more active and healthy.
Having adequate ventilation is an indicator to a well-conditioned family status. It is
being comfortable in relation to the home environment.
As the graph shows, most of the family has a better condition because of higher
percentage of adequacy in ventilation. An adequate ventilation promotes comfortableness
while insufficient in air supply/ventilation triggers irritability.
D. Environmental Indices
34
I. Water Supply
Percentage Distribution Showing Water Supply of Families Surveyed in Barangay
232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 12
Type of Water Supply Frequency Percentage
NAWASA/Maynilad 45 100%
Deep Well 0 0%
Artesian Well 0 0%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
All of the families in the community have water being delivered to them through
water companies (NAWASA/Maynilad).
ANALYSIS:
Having the families water supply provided by water companies enables the families
to have safe water source. This type of water lessen the possibility of having any type of
35
water-borne contamination because these companies have procedures and quality controls
that ensure the quality of water they have provided to clients.
II. Excreta Disposal
Percentage Distribution Showing Excreta Disposal of Families Surveyed in Barangay
232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 13
Excreta Disposal Frequency Percentage
Water Sealed 15 33%
Septic Tank 29 64%
Balot System 0 0%
Others 1 2%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
This graph shows that the highest frequency belongs to the water sealed which has
29 families or 64% of the population, 15 families or 33% included in the water sealed and
only 1 family or2% are still using pit privy.
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the people in the community are using water sealed type of toilet
because they can’t afford to buy a pleasant toilet facility. The people in the community
should know the proper excreta-disposal in order to prevent illnesses.
When the community owns more of something that is bad or not conducive to the
health, then this could be considered as health threat since the type of excreta system
possess a threat in the families’ health. Solving those problems with excreta disposal is
recommended in order to avoid any type of cross-contamination with the only facility or
utility that the family uses.
36
III. Garbage Disposal
Percentage Distribution Showing Excreta Type of Garbage Disposal of Families
Surveyed in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 14
Garbage Disposal Frequency Percentage
DPS 39 74%
Open Dumping 2 8%
Burning 4 18%
Waste Segregation 0 0%
Total: 45 100%
Tye of Garbage Disposal of Families Surveyed
74%
8%
18%
DPS
Open Dumping
Burning
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest percentage in garbage disposal belongs to DPS
which have 29 in frequency and 87% of the population. 4 families or 9% do burning
garbage disposal. Lastly, 2 families or 4% are practicing open dumping
37
ANALYSIS:
Majority of the family do the DPS (Department of Public Services) process in their
garbage disposal. The people in the community wait for the garbage trucks before they
will put their garbage outside their home. Somehow, there are still some who does burning
because the residents tend to think that burning garbage is the easiest way to dispose them.
However this practice leads to harmful effects to their environment and to their health and
that is why this is not recommended.
There’s a possibility that the type of waste disposal is a health threat for them
because as we have seen in the data above, waste segregation is not being practiced by the
families in the community. If the family will continue not doing waste segregation then it
may cause the rampant spread of microorganisms and the harboring of pathogens and
bacteria that may cause health deterioration to the members of the family. Because of this,
it is best that the residents would practice the proper way of garbage disposal.
38
E. Health Indices
I. Food Storage
Percentage Distribution Showing Food Storage Practices of Families Surveyed in
Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 15
Food Storage Frequency Percentage
Refrigerated 25 55%
Covered 16 36%
Not Covered 4 9%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
In the table it is shown that the highest frequency of food storage type is
refrigerated with a frequency of 25 or a percentage of 56%. Next is covered which has a
frequency of 16 or a percentage of 36%. The last is not covered which has a frequency of 4
or a percentage of 9%.
39
ANALYSIS:
The residents of the community keep their left over in the fridge. Less health threat
for the community residents. Because the foods are keep in the fridge. But the residents
become dependent on the frozen foods and process foods they don’t get nutrients from this
foods. So, the risk of infection and diseases is still in the picture. Processed foods are full of
preservatives and these preservatives have an effect to the body.
II. Infant Feeding Practice
Percentage Distribution Showing Infant Feeding Practices of Families Surveyed in
Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 16
Types of Infant Feeding Frequency Percentage
Breastfeeding 1 14%
Bottle Feeding 3 43%
Mixed 3 43%
Total: 7 100%
40
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest frequency of infant feeding is mixed and bottle
feeding which both has a frequency of 3 and a percentage of 43%. The lowest is
breastfeeding which has only a frequency of 1 and a percentage of 14%.
ANALYSIS:
The reason that mothers verbalized on why they prefer bottle or mixed feeding was
they are also working and they have no choice but to leave their children at home.
According to them, this practice saves time and energy. Even though they are aware of the
many benefits and advantages of breast feeding such as it comes with no cost, is readily
available, is healthy and free from preservatives and contamination, gives their babies
antibodies that boost their immune systems and makes them resistant to illnesses like
stomach aches and asthma, they think that it is more practical for them to do bottle
feeding and work for their families.
III. Immunization Status
Percentage Distribution Showing Immunization Status of Children 0-13 months among
the Families Surveyed in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 17
Immunization Frequency Percentage
Complete 0 0%
Incomplete 7 45%
Total: 7 100%
41
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that 100% of children 0-12 months have an incomplete
immunization. It has a frequency of 7 and a percentage of 100%.
ANALYSIS:
Though there are immunizations in the health centers, the data shows that these are
not used to the fullest by the residents. If children receive their complete set of vaccines
and are well immunized, they would be well protected from sickness and be ready to face
the world with confidence.
42
IV. Health Seeking Behavior
Percentage Distribution Showing Behavior of Families Surveyed in Barangay 232, Zone
21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 18
Health Facility Frequency Percentage
Hospital 22 49%
Health Center 19 42%
Private Clinic 2 4%
Others 1 2%
Total: 45 100%
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest frequency of health seeking behavior of the
families is the hospital which has a frequency of 22 and a percentage of 49%. This is
followed by the health center which has a frequency of 19 and a percentage of 42%. Next is
the private clinic, which has a frequency of 2 and a percentage of 4%. Last is the other
categories like the herbularyos and home care, which has a frequency of 1 and a percentage
of 2%.
43
ANALYSIS:
It states here when the illness arrives in the family they immediately go to the
hospital to seek medical concerns. They believe in the capabilities of the hospital and
medical practitioners. But the Filipino culture is really not out of the picture because some
of them still believe in herbularyos to save money, for not all of them can afford of the
hospital but most of them prefer hospital care.
V. Source of Health Information
Percentage Distribution Showing the Source of Health Information of Families Surveyed
in Barangay 232, Zone 21, District 2 Tayuman, Tondo, Manila.
Table 19
Source Frequency Percentage
Hospital 10 22%
Health Center 30 67%
Media 5 11%
Total: 45 100%
44
INTERPRETATION:
The table shows that the highest source of health information is the health center
which has a frequency of 30 and a percentage of 67%. The next one is the hospital which
has a frequency of 10 and a percentage of 22%. The third is the media which has a
frequency of 5 and a percentage of 11%.
ANALYSIS:
The graph shows that the families in the community get their health information
mostly in the health center. Perhaps, most of the people in the community recognize the
benefits they get from the health center like immunization, health teachings and free
medicines. Also it is the nearest health institution in their place.
VI. Comparative Analysis of the 10 Leading Causes of Morbidity at the Health Center
during the recent 2 years
Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity in Barangay 232, Zone 32, District 3, Tondo,
Tayuman, Manila
Table 20
Diseases Frequency Percentage
Pneumonia 3274 33%
TB/Respiratory Diseases 1819 18%
Gastroenteritis 1570 16%
Bronchitis 1440 14%
Diseases of the heart 971 10%
45
Influenza 285 3%
Dengue Fever 177 2%
Mumps 110 1%Chicken Pox 86 1%
INTERPRETATION:
The graph shows the ten leading causes of morbidity. Pneumonia got the highest
rate of 33% or 3274, next is Tuberculosis with 18%, followed by Gastroenteritis with 16%,
Bronchitis with 14%, diseases of the heart with 10%. Then it is followed by Influenza with
3%. Bronchial Asthma and Dengue Fever has a percentage of 2% each. Lastly Mumps
and Chicken Pox has a percentage of 1% each.
ANALYSIS:
Pneumonia got the highest rate. It is as defined, it is an infection which causes the
lungs’ air sacs, called alveoli, to become inflamed. Many different germs can cause
pneumonia. These include different kinds of bacteria, viruses, and, less often, fungi.
Most of the time, the body filters germs out of the air that we breathe to protect the
lungs from infection. Sometimes, though, germs manage to enter the lungs and cause
infections. This is more likely to occur when:
The immune system is weak
A germ is very strong
The body fails to filter germs out of the air that we breathe
The mouth and airways are exposed to germs as air is inhaled through the nose and
mouth. The immune system, the shape of the nose and throat, the ability to cough, and
fine, hair-like structures called cilia help stop the germs from reaching the lungs. The air
sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough with phlegm, fever,
chills and breathing trouble. Pneumonia tends to be more serious for infants and young
children, older adults (people 65 years old and above), people who have weak immune
46
systems as a result of diseases or other factors. A vaccine is available to prevent
pneumococcal pneumonia. In most people, one shot is good for at least 5 years of
protection.
F. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The community study of Barangay 232, Zone 21, Tondo, Metro Manila was
conducted by students of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Section A2AH. We have 15
members and each member has been assigned to interview 3 families each, for a total of 45
families. The total population we have surveyed is 259.
For population, the students have more female respondents than male. Those under
17-20 years old domain the community but the productive group or the independent people
are still dominant. Meanwhile, those who are under aged got the least percentage of the
surveyed population.
For civil status, majority of the surveyed population are married. Possibility of over
population is there, if the married couples will not be aware of family planning. On the
other hand, single status ranked second followed by widow, who are only few in the
community. There are 6 separated and 6 single parents surveyed.
For the length of residency, majority of the families surveyed is living there for 10
years and above which only means that they were already used to the lifestyle they have in
there.
For economic indices, though major composition of the community according to the
survey was economically productive, still many of them were unemployed and though some
of them have jobs, they still earn less.
For health indices, majority of the respondents are basically aware of the sanitation,
because they do DPS in throwing their garbage. Majority of them have septic tanks in
terms of excreta disposal. We haven’t interviewed anyone who uses the “balot system.” In
terms of food storage, only few leave their food uncovered. Majority of them have
refrigerators in their house. Some of the families that have been interviewed cook only
what is right for the family so most of the times there are no left-overs.
47
For socio-cultural, majority of the families surveyed lives there for 10 years and
above. The usual reason for migration is poverty. People tend to migrate to the city to
have a better living. Majority of the houses in the community are concrete.
For environmental indices, people in the community do have
NAWASA/MAYNILAD as the type of water supply. This water supply was potable as
declared by the DOH although unsanitary; keeping it may cause the occurrence of diseases.
Boiling of water is much appreciated to prevent these said effects to health, such as cholera,
amoebiasis, and diarrhea. Majority of the respondents makes use of DPS as a type of
garbage disposal which is considered to be proper. This also shows that the community
was very much concerned with regards to cleanliness. The collection of garbage was
scheduled once a week. Septic tank was the most used among the respondents as excreta
disposal. This includes that majority of the surveyed families were less at risk of possible
diseases caused by improper excreta disposal.
G. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
1. Active smoker
- When we interview the families majority of them are smoking; not only fathers but
mothers as well as their children.
2. Breast feeding
- Because majority of the mothers don’t breastfeed their child, they do mixed and bottle
feeding.
H. Suggestions and Recommendations
48
To the future researchers, the researchers strongly recommend that they make sure
that every member of the team is involved, fully aware of the whole community diagnosis
and understands everything about it. Also, frequent meetings and follow-ups are essential
to the study. Community Diagnosis in the researchers’ view should not be perceived as a
burden but rather a learning and guiding experience through balancing time for every
commitment.
To the barangay, the researchers strongly recommend them to make solutions and
further improve their health-related situation by utilizing proposed actions. The said
community should also learn to regulate and enhance their unity for a more renewed and
goal-oriented society in time of problems.
In terms of health, the community should cooperate in preventing diseased and
promoting health through community-wide programs. The success and importance of the
development of the community lies on the empowerment of the people and the maximum
participation in development activities.
I. Priority Setting
A. Active Smoker
Criteria Weight Computation Actual Score Justification
1. Nature of the
Problem
1 1/3 x 1 0.33 It is a health-related
problem.
2. Magnitude of
the Problem
3 4/4 x 2 2 75% - 100% are affected
in accident hazards. Most
of the houses in the
community have faulty
wirings, and most of the
houses are so congested.
3. Modifiability of
the Problem
4 1/3 x 4 1.33 The modifiability of the
problem is low since the
49
houses are made up of
woods and are very close
with one another. There
are also faulty wirings that
can cause accidents.
4. Preventive
Potential
1 3/3 x 1 1 The preventive potential of
having fire and accident
hazards is very high
because it is in the hands
of the family if they will
plan to have a solution to
their problems. They will
also prevent accidents if
they’ll know how to be
resourceful to prevent
accidents.
5. Social Concern 1 0 x 1 0 It is not a community
concern.
Total Score: 4.66
B. Breast feeding
Criteria Weight Computation Actual Score Justification
1. Nature of the
Problem
1 3/3 x 1 1 It is a health-status
problem because it is
related to their wellness
conditions
2. Magnitude of
the Problem
3 2/4 x 3 1/5 25% - 49% of the people
are affected, because in
50
our survey tool, half of the
people are using breast
feeding and the other half
are using bottle feeding as
their primary type of
feeding.
3. Modifiability of
the Problem
4 2/3 x 4 2/67 The modifiability of the
problem is moderate,
because not all of the
people in the barangay
have adequate knowledge
about the advantage of
breastfeeding.
4. Preventive
Potential
1 2/3 x 1 0.67 The preventive potential is
moderate, because
although their health
center and their barangay
have a program about the
importance of
breastfeeding, not all of
the mothers are using
breastfeeding as their type
of feeding for their babies.
5. Social Concern 1 2/2 x 1 1 This problem needs urgent
community concern.
Total Score: 6.84
J. Action Plan
51
1. Problem: Inadequate Knowledge about Breast Feeding
Specific Objective Strategies or
activities
Focus of
Responsibility
Resources Evaluation
Objectives:
After nursing
intervention, the
people in the
Barangay especially
mothers that have
babies ages 0-2 years
old will be able to
enumerate and list 5
advantages of breast
feeding.
After nursing
intervention, the
people of the
community especially
the mothers of 0-2
year old children and
expecting mothers will
be able to enumerate
the benefits their
babies could get from
breast feeding.
Health
teachings
and
counseling
All residents
of the
community,
especially
those mothers
of 0-2 year
old children
and expecting
mothers will
participate in
the activities.
I.M.C.I
D.O.H.
Book
1. Will those
mothers of 0-2 yr old
children be able to
enumerate the
advantages of breast
feeding?
Yes? ____
No? ____
Why?___
2. Will those
mothers of 0-2 year
old children be able
to correct/ improve
existing problems
about breast feeding?
Yes? ___
No? ___
2. Problem: Smoking
52
Specific Objective Strategies or
activities
Focus of
Responsibility
Resources Evaluation
Objectives:
After nursing
intervention, the
people in the
barangay will lessen
their habitual
smoking.
After nursing
intervention, the
smokers, especially
the male individuals,
will know and be
aware of the effect of
smoking.
Health
teachings
and
counseling
All residents
of the
community,
specially the
male
individuals.
D.O.H.
Book
Maglaya
Book
1. Will the smokers be
able to know what
smoking can do to
their health?
Yes? ____
No? ____
Why? _____________
2. Will the smoking
individuals finally
stop their habitual
smoking?
Yes? ___
No? ____
53
