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:S.W.Hirantha,RoleofForeignAidinResolvingtheFinalConflicts,Dept.,ofCommerce,UniversityofJeyawardhanepura,SriLanka.
1977 ,
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ILBFTA) . ,
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,
1998 2006
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,
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. 1999 AdvancedInfoService 20% . 2000 50:50
.(2007 .) . PastelLtd., 30% .
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. .2008 17
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:
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. 2007 25 74% .
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13 2005 OrascomTelecom HutchisonTelecom 19% .
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2004 242007 13
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43
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.
. 31%
.
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.
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, () . 2005
, 50% . .
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.
1974 31. 1980
. .
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. 1980 6% 2000 12% .2001 .2006 , 250
25 .
.,
, . 2008
. . ,
.
. .
44
2004
, 2007
12
, , , , , 1993
. ,
. .
.
. . , .
:
1. .2005 ( , TVGTelecommunicationsHoldings )
., . 2010 .
.
2. HutchisonPortHoldings
. , HutchisonWhampoa
2006 .
3. , 44% 2008 .
" " .
. BSNL .
12.1
2006 . 120 .
.
. .
45
.:
1 PembinanRidzaiBerhad JohnKeellsHoldings
2 PSAInternationalPrivateLtd AitkenSpenceShippingLtd
3 HutchisonPortHoldings
4 HanjinShipping NavigationMaritime
5 CMACGM TerminalLink
Hayleys Limited CarsonCumberbatch&Company
46
2007 . ,
.
, , (SLPA) HutchisonPort
Holdings . 2007 26 4
.
" HutchisonPort Holdings . 70%
. 90% . "
2007 . AitkenSpenceShippingLtd .
, AitkenSpenceShippingLtd . .
" " " " 33% 2006
AitkenSpenceShippingLtd. ... .
. ." ;
" . 2008 . 2009 . 2009
" .
47
HutchisonPortHoldings ?14 HutchTelecom ?HutchTelecom ?
Hutchison Port Holdings HutchisonWhampoa . Cheung Kong Holdings .CheungKongHoldings (LiKashing).
. HutchisonPortHoldings 2006 .
CheungKongHoldings HutchisonTelecom1992 . MAX ESSAR (BPL
2005 ) . 2006 HutchEssar HutchEssar 67%
.
2005 OrascomTelecom HutchisonTelecom 19% . 2006
46% 74% . .
Orascom . HutchisonTelecom 19% Orascom
. Hutchison Telecom " .
HutchisonTelecom 2006 . HutchEssar HutchisonTelecom.
2007 11 Hutch Essar 67% Vodafone 1110 ( 55,500 ) 14
.
, . ,
.
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(Port Klang) (West Port)
Hutchison Port Holdings 30% .
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International
16 28 . 16 . ( ) Gwadar .
, , , !
HutchisonPortHoldings
20%.
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Temasek Holdings-.
Temasek
31% .
Huawei
.
PSA Hutchison Port Holdings- HPH PRB .
Hutchison Port Holdings Pembinan Ridzai Berhad PRB .
Hutchison Port Holdings . Pembinan Ridzai Berhad ,
PSA International HPH , .
, .
.
48
12.2 BSNL (underseacable) ,
, (Internet) . SEAMEWE, FLAG , i2i .
/ BSNL . 20052006
306 . NEC . 180
.2006 .
BSNL ,
. .
, .
12.3 ?
2006 2007 7 (UsahaTegasSdn.Bhd.,)
,
49
BSNL
. .
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2007 26 4 . " "
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, 25 .
.
. , , 2007
3920 (TaroAso)., 2007 120
.
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26 2007
. . , ,
.
2007 30 . .
4 2008
. 27
. ,
.
.
. UsahaTegas, Tanjong, Maxis, Astro
, .
.
1997 NTT 35% .
:
" . NTT ? 1500
, , , ( ) Global Telecommunication Holding (GTH) ?
, , , ?
" (Public Enterprises Reform Commission PERC) . ?
2006 NTT , NTT
? NTT
? ?
52
. 2007
. 2008
.
2008 9 .
, , ,
. .
NTT
? 2007 ?
2008 NTT GTH . 1 NTT
GTH . 44.9% . 49.5%
, .
NTT " " ?
2006 31 (LiquidNaturalGasLNG) . 2500
. Petronas 25 .
?
U Mobile 33% NTT NTT DoCoMo
.2007 UMobile 33% NTTDoCoMo . , NTT !
NTT , . NTT , Hitachi
.
, , ,
53
NTT
NTT GTH .
2008
. BSNL .
12.3.2 Globaleq . !
NTT Tanjong Pendekar Energy (L) Ltd (PEL)
. Globaleq.
.1434 .
54
2000 , "
. " " .
(StringofDiamonds)
.
,
Meghnaghat, Haripur NEPC , Kabirwala , Sidi Krir
. 2500
Pendekar Energy 2007
28 Globaleq . Pendekar Energy
55% . 45% AljomaihAutomotiveCompany.
?
.
12.3.3
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1365
2005
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. 1500
.
.
.
55
?
(AljomaihAutomotiveCompany)
. .
20022003
.
( Karachi Electric Supply CompanyLimited KESC) 2005 29
.
KESC 74% .
Aljomaih Automotive Company AljomaihGroup. National Industries Group (NIG) . 26%
.
12.3.4 Natrindo Telepon Seluler . Axis World
NatrindoTeleponSeluler . 2007 44% .2007
3 12.39 ( 620 ) 56% 51% . Binariang GSM . East Asia Communications
. 20% .
2007 25 51%
SaudiTelecom . 51%
Saudi Telecom , 44% , 5%
.
2008 1991 (Axisworld)
. 2006
. Axisworld .
2008 25 Axisworld .
4000 .
12.3.5 .
1993 , . 2002 . 2002 8
.2007 59% 41% . Natrindo
BinariangGSM . 20%
Binariang . 460 (23,000 ) CIMB Investment Bank ABNAMRO
.2007 22 40.4% BinariangGSM. 99.4% BinariangGSM .
25 . Binariang Natrindo 51%
Saudi Telecom . Saudi Telecom
56
2008 25: Axisworld
.
4000
.
Binariang 51% .
2007 22 MaxisCommunications 25% Binariang Saudi Telecom .
SaudiTelecom ?
300 (15,000 ) BinariangGSM . 90 ( 4500 )
.
:
132006 2007 . ?
2005 ,
. 2006 . ,
2006 2007
, ,, ,
.
,
57
1. .
.
2. .
3. .
. , MSS
.
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PowerFM .
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2005 ,
.
.
. . ,
. .
.
.
.
,"
;
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, . , , .
.
.
14 ? ?
1970 .1938 2000 . . 45 . .
( UnitedMalaysNationalOrganisation UMNO) . 1976
(TengkuRazaleighHamzah) .1981 2003
. .
.2003 (AbdullahAhmadBadawi) .
58
14.1
1984 (UsahaTegas) .
1980 . BankNegara Petronas .
1987 .
.
14.2PanMalaysianSweeps
PanMalaysian Sweeps 1980 . Big Sweep
. BigSweep PanMalaysianSweeps , 1989 . ,
.TanPohChing .
1989 . . .
1990 ." " . ,
.
.
14.3
1961 . .
1989 . , .KhooTeik Chooi . 45%
, 5% , 50% . .
14.4Tanjong
, Tanjong 1991 . . .
1926 TanjongTinDredgingLtd.1974 . 1980
.
59
, , (Robert Kuok) 70% .
. . .
.Khoo Teik Chooi Marlestone Investment Ltd., . 70% 1991 13
. PanMalaysianPools
.
Tanjong Marlestone PanMalaysianPools . Marlestone Tanjong
Pan Malaysian Pools . 9 .
Tanjong . ?
.
Tanjong PanMalaysianPools . Tanjong PanMalaysianPools
,Marlestone .
Marlestone . Tanjong
PanMalaysianPools
.
1991 2 Tanjong 1992
13 !Tanjong
. Pan
Malaysian Pools Tanjong .
Tanjong Powertek .
1490
. Telok Gong 1160 MW
,TanjongKilng 330MW
.
60
Tanjong
14.5
Selangor 240 SeriKuda 1989 3
(150 ). 1982 Selangor
. .
8.6 (430 ).1991 Petronas 51% 18 (900 ) ! .
Petronas , .
(Kuala Lumpur City Center KLCC) 1992
. 85 .
1997 . Petronas .
.
2002 KLCC 48% Petronas 32 (1600
) KLCC . ,
, 1900 !
14.6 MaxisCommunications
1983 . 1990
.19931995 (FixedLineTelephone)
. MaxisCommunications . 2000 30,000
. 1985 . 1989
1993 . Maxis Communications . 1995
2000 12
. 1998 Broadband
61
.
2005 25 74% . 26%
. 74% 108 (5400 ).
2008 ZTE Corp 40 (2000
) .
?
1962 ,
. 18 , .
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Astro .]
, , . , , , ,
62
,
. , , , ,
.
, .
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. ZTECorp .
, , :
1. 1993 [ ] Hutch Telecom 2007 .
. . HutchEssar . Hutch Essar
. ,HutchEssar Vodafone 2006
. . .
2. .
.
3. . . .
4. , . , .
14.7BinariangMEASAT
1994 Binariang Boeing . 1996 Malaysia East Asia
Satellite(MEASAT) . , 2003 .2000 Binariang 2000
. .
Tanjong , Malaysian
TobaccoCompany(MTC) 2001 .
63
Binariang MTC . MTC 54.7%
Chelwood Trading & Investment Co Ltd Binariang
. MTC Binariang
.
,
Measat .
64
MEASAT
Measat3 .
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MEASAT 1996 . Astro All Asia Networks . .
. , ,
. , , , , ,
. 2002 10 Astro
. 2006 18 . .
2004 .
, , , , , , ,
,
. 112 .
(Badawi) .
2005 YESTV,NDTV .24
YESTV,24 NDTV
.
Aamar 106.2 FM Power 107.2 FM FM ,
.
2008 SUNDTH 20% 15 (750 ). FM 7% ., " " ( )
Value Labs, NDTV, (20%) 2006 .
14.9 LPG :
1990 .1993 300
. 1990 , .2003
65
2004
SUNTV
.112
2005
24 NDTV
AamarFMPowerFM
2006
,, [" "
]"" ValueLabs NDTV
.
2008
SUNDTH 20% 750
SUNFM 7%.
. 500 .
1997 . ,
. . .
. ( ) (LPG) , ,
.
. . . .
. .2006 BusinessTimes
. 36 .
. 1998
.
LPG .
1998 Pacific Gas
Taixing . Shanghai
Guangdong
Taixing
. Taizhou
, ,
, ,
.
66
PacificGas .
, . .
1999 .
. ,
.2009 102 . "ShawBrothers ,
. .
36th Chamber of Shaolin 1978 .
1960 TVB (Television
Broadcasts) tvb.com 30% MEASAT 1999
.
.
2000 TVB Galaxy Satellite
BroadcastingLtd., 29.4% 9.4 (470 )MEASAT. , ,
.
1950 Shaw Brothers 1000 760
13 (650 ) Astro Asia Celestial
Pictures2000 . DVD VCD
. . 2003
Astro Asia Celestial Movies 24
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85
106.China, Sri Lanka ink eight deals, Xinhua, February 27, 2007, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2007-02/27/content_815297.htm
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86
9, 2008, http://bandaragama.wordpress.com/2008/02/09/sripathi-sooriyarachchi-dies-in-an- accident- will-we-ever-learn-the-truth-now/
129.Patavi,Mr.SripathiSooriyarachchisdeathnotanaccident?, http://lakbima.wordpress.com/2008/02/10/mr-sripathi-sooriyarachchi%E2%80%99s-death-not-an-accident/
130.Exactly one year after sacking - Sripathi no more, February 10, 2008, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20080210/NEWS-1.HTM
131.NTT Exits Sri Lankan Market, April 1, 2008, http://www.telecomsinsight.com/file/63830/ntt-exits-sri-lankan-market.html
132.Natasha Gunaratne, NTT free to sell shares to GTH, March 16, 2008, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080316/FinancialTimes/ft301.html
133.Ranga Sirilal and Shihar Aneez, Japan NTT sells S.Lanka Telecom stake for $297 mln, April 1, 2008, http://in.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idINCOL2545920080401?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0
134.Sri Lankan Telecom-Maxis directors at first board meeting, June 22, 2008, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080622/FinancialTimes/ft305.html
135.Bandula Sirimanna,Maxis-SLT tug of war over CEO post, March 1, 2009, http ://sundaytimes. lk/080615/FinancialTimes/ft306.html
136.Undersea telecom cable to connect India, Sri Lanka, September 13, 2005, http ://www.dailyt imes.com.pk/default .asp?page=story_13-9-2005_pg5_20
137.Manabendra Mukherjee, BSNL picks up Tuticorin for undersea cable landing station West Bengal loses out to Tamil Nadu despite intense lobbying, September 8, 2005, http ://cit ies.expressindia.com/ful lstory.php?newsid=147722
138.Submarine telecom cable to connect India, Sri Lanka, September 13, 2005, http ://www.crn.com.au/News/20005,submarine-telecom-cable-to-connect-india-sri-lanka.aspx
139.BSNL and SLT sign Construction & Maintenance agreement (C&MA) and Supply contract for constructing Submarine cable between India and Sri Lanka. October 3, 2005, http ://www.hcicolombo.org/ indiaTM_OLD .asp?ID=13
140.Japan's NEC Wins Contract for Submarine Cable System to Bridge India & Sri Lanka, October 18, 2005, Japan Corporate News Network K.K., http ://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-137911642.html
141. NEC Wins Contract for Submarine Cable System to Bridge India & Sri Lanka October 17, 2005, http://www.nec.com/global/prod/nw/submarine/news/archive/20051017.html
142. Landmark cable for Sri Lankan Telecom, October 1, 2006, http ://sundaytimes. lk/061001/News/nws20.html
143.Sri Lanka Telecom's Indian submarine cable partner to raise rates, August 21, 2007, http ://www.lankabusinessonline.com/f . . .&SEARCH_TERM=5
144.NEC Wins Contract for First Optical Submarine Cable System Linking Maldives to Sri Lanka, May 25, 2006, http://www.nec.com/global/prod/nw/submarine/news/archive/20060525.html
145. Neal Stephenson, Mother Earth Mother Board, December 1996, Issue 4.12 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.12/ffglass.html
146.Reliance buys Flag for Rs 950 crore, January 13, 2004, http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/jan/13ril.htm
147. Chinese Foreign Minister reiterates support for Sri Lankas sovereignty and territorial integrity September 10, 2008, Ministry of Forighn Affairs, Sri Lanka
148.C hina's "String of Pearls" , November 05, 2007, http://www.weeklystandard.com/weblogs/TWSFP/ east_asiapacific/the_news_from_china/
149.Sri Lanka turns to Pakistan, China for military needs, IANS, 2 June 2007, http://www.newkerala.com/news.php?action=fullnews&id=34772
150.Moin Ansari, Lanka buys 3-D Radar & Pakistani arms with Iranian Aid, September 15, 2008,
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http://rupeenews.com/2008/09/15/lankabuys3dchineseradarpakistaniarmswithiranianaid/151.Chinese arms, radar for Sri Lanka military, June 5, 2007
http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2007/6/15568.html 152. Chinese 3 D radar at Katunayake and Colombo, July 01, 2007
http://www.nation.lk/2007/07/01/newsfe1.htm153. Shamindra Ferdinando, One Chinese 3D installation set up; Lanka vulnerable for want of
cohesive 3D radar network, September 10, 2008, http://www.island.lk/2008/09/10/news1.html154. Lanka Radar on Delhi Table, May 10, 2007,
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070510/asp/nation/story_7756276.asp155.Did a foreigner man the LTTE aircraft? September 12, 2008,
http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=26007156.Iqbal Athas, They came, they bombed and they went away, November 2, 2008,
http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081102/Columns/sitreport.html157.IrangikaRange, FirstconsignmentofpowersetsfromChinaarriveinSriLanka,
http://www.dailymirror.lk/DM_BLOG/Sections/frmNewsDetailView.aspx?ARTID=26208158.Nirmala Kannangara, New Chinese Carriages idling at Railway Yard, September 24, 2008, http://
www.slrfc.org/2008/09/24/newcarriagesidlingatrailwayyard159. 100 New Chinese railway carriages costing $ 2.2 million to arrive next month, August 2, 2007,
www.lankamission.org/.../20070802train.htm160. Chinese carriages to improve rail services, September 9, 2007, http://www.sundayobserver.lk/
2007/09/09/new14.asp161.Indian Railways Entering Lanka, July 31, 2003, The Financial Express162. Raghvendra Rao, Indian Railways to rebuild Lanka rail line hit by tsunami, September 11, 2008,
The Indian Express
163.NirmalaKannangara, UnionssmellaratinGalleMatararailwaydeal,September3,2008, TheMorningLeader
164.China to grant US$7.31 mln to Sri Lanka, Xinhua, September 11, 2008, http://www.china.org.cn/business/news/2008-09/11/content_16435250.htm
165. Sri Lanka President in China, meets Pakistan President and local business delegation, April 11, 2008, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_08/April11150211CH.html
166.Shilpa Puri, Indian companies head for Sri Lanka http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=2207
167.Olof Haag To Head Airtel's Sri Lanka Operations, September 11, 2007 http://www.efytimes.com/efytimes/fullnews.asp?edid=21538
168. Olof Haag's Liaison Company Website: http://asiaconsultingbureau.com/169. Bharti Airtel Signs USD 150 million Managed Network deal with Huawei, 18 September 2007,
http://www.huawei.com/news/view.do?id=5025&cid=42
170.Military Spokesperson, Brig. Udaya Nanayakkara assumes duties, September 18, 2007 http://www.amparai.net/News/807.html
171.Bharti Airtel appoints CEO for its Sri Lanka Operations, October 16, 2007 http://www.itpro.lk/?q=node/412
172.Sri Lanka talks weapons with Russia and India as war escalates, December 16, 2007 , http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,229334195005961,00.html
173.Airtel to use Singtel expertise for 3G services rollout in Lanka March 6, 2008, The Economic Times
174.Gayan Ratnayake, Sri Lanka telecom market draws Iranian interest, November 13, 2007
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http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/f...&SEARCH_TERM=5175.Sri Lanka's Telecom deal allowed by court, March 10, 2008, Malaysias Maxis pays Rs. 32 b for
SLTs 35% stake of Japans NTT, Single largest transaction in the history of Colombo bourse, http://www.thebottomline.lk/2008/04/02/B46.htm
176.$1 Bn Deal - Maxis bags 74% of Aircel - December 30, 2005, The Financial Express 177.Maxis to use Aircel as base to grow here - Sees good potential in broadband, offshoring
businesses, January 5, 2006, The Hindu Business Line
178.The Emergence of Asian Telecom Giants - SingTel, Hutch and Maxis, August 25, 2006, http://convergence.in/blog/2006/08/25/the-emergence-of-asian-telecom-giants-singtel-hutch-and-maxis/
179. China and Malaysia sign $ 25 Bn gas deal, October 31, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6101604.stm
180.P.K. Balachandran, Indias security halts bidding for Colombo port terminal, March 2nd, 2008, http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/indiassecurityhaltsbiddingforcolomboportterminal_10023094.html
181.Colombo South contract still on hold, January 30, 2008, http://www.portstrategy.com/archive101/2008/january-february2/news_asia/colombo_south_contract_still_on_hold
182.Krik M Shoemaker, Intelligence Brief: China in Sri Lanka, http://www.isn.ethz.ch/isn/Communities-and-Partners/Partners/Detail/?lng=en&id=88330
183.Anusha Ondaatjie and Paul Tighe, Sri Lankan alert shuts airport; rebel leaders targeted in raid, http://www.livemint.com/2007/04/27092633/SriLankanalertshutsairport.html
184.Jon Grevatt, Sri Lanka nears MiG-29 purchase, March 14, 2008, http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080314_1_n.shtml
185. India commits 109 mn $ aid to sri lanka, July 15, 2008, The Economic Times
186.Nikhil Pahwa, A. Raja Replaces Maran As Communications And IT Minister, 187. Kalanithi's Rs.150 Crore Investment in SUN DIRECT becomes Rs.3,320 Cr.
http://www.livemint.com/2007/09/26001420/Kalanithi8217sRs150crinv.html188.Sun Network ties up with Malaysia's Astro, December 20, 2004, The Hindu Business Line 189.Sun TV, Astro Malaysia in $ 25 million JV; to launch Bengali channel, December 20, 2004,
http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/dec/dec183.htm
190.Malaysia's Astro eyes Indian DTH market, January 18, 2007, http://in.rediff.com/money/2007/jan/18cas.htm
191. R. Ravichandran, Malaysias Astro tunes to Sun FM, picks 7%, January 15, 2008,
192. Telecom FDI: No compromise on security, October 26, 2006,
193.Patrick Frater, Astro warms to Sun Direct in India, April,10 2007, http://www.varietyasiaonline.com/content/view/1136/53/
194.D.John Samuel Raja, Sun TVs Malaysia partner Astro cuts investment in DTH venture http://www.livemint.com/2007/10/16233739/Sun-TV8217s-Malaysia-partne.html
195.$650 million FDI cleared for SUN DTH, Februaray 23, 2007, The Financial Express
196. Bharti Airtel buys out SingTel's stake in cable co, January 24, 2007, The Hindu
197. SingtelcouldincreasestakeinBhartiAirtel,January16,2007,http://sifybroadband.techwhack.com/607bhartiairtelsingtel
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198. Nevin John & Rajesh S Kurup, Bharti Airtel, SingTel to float SPV for MTN buy, May 20, 2008, http://www.businessstandard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=323476
199.BSNL gets five bids for GSM contract, June 13, 2006, http://www.ciol.com/content/news/2006/106061302.asp
200.Nortel bags $100-m GSM deal from BSNL - Will enable BSNL to enhance network capacity in South, Mar 26, 2008, The Hindu Business Line
201.This is a mega telecom scam, cries CPM, Dec 20, 2008, The Indian Express202.Maran caused nation a loss of 10,000 Crores - A.Raja, July 11, 2007, Deccan Herald203.74 percent FDI in telecom will allow good players: Maran January 10, 2007, The Economic
Times
204.Sri Lanka eyes Saudi to boost refinery, April 7, 2006, The Financial Express205.Sri Lanka awards contract to UAE firm to build oil refinery, 13 Jul, 2006,
http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?newsID=875354915&no_view=1&SEARCH_TERM=4
206.Rajapakse visits Iran for bilateral talks, November 26, 2007 http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?artid=23865&catid=13
207. Iran and Sri Lanka sign eight MoU's to expand mutual cooperation, November 29, 2007, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_07/November29141947CH.html
208.Prasanna Hettiarachchi, UAE firms to build refinery in Sri Lanka, February 01, 2008 http://www.srilankanewsfirst.com/Financial/1358.html
209.Feizal Samath, SRI LANKA: Turning to China, Iran for Funds, April 22, 2008 http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=42075
210.Iran president in Sri Lanka visit April 28, 2008 http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7371117.stm211. Sri Lanka, Iran sign six agreements, Xinhua, April 29, 2008,
http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/southasia/srilankairansignsixagreements_10043086.html
212.Iranian president launches energy project in Sri Lanka, April 29, 2008, http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iqNNaF9_sXeS20xTLqoPcYak0mPw
213.US expresses serious concern over Iranian President`s Sri Lanka visit, 28 April 2008 http://www.lankanewspapers.com/news/2008/4/27280.html
214.Iran Begins $1.2 bln Upgrade for Sri Lanka Refinery, May 3, 2008 http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8702141062
215. B. Muralidhar Reddy, Iran offers $2-billion aid to Sri Lanka, http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/30/stories/2007113056111800.htm
216. Renovation of the Sapugaskanda Refinery commences, April 29, 2008 http://www.thecolombotimes.com/2008/04/renovationofsapugaskandarefinery.html
217. Ranjith Jayasundera, Ruan Pethiyagoda, Iranian refinery deal that will burn the economy, October 05, 2008, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20081005/Issues.htm
218. Sri Lanka awards contract to UAE firm to build oil refinery, July 13, 2006, http://www.lankabusinessonline.com/fullstory.php?newsID=875354915
219. Sarath Kumara and Athiyan Silva, Indian delegation visits Sri Lanka: A sign of rising regional rivalries, July 5, 2008, http://www.wsws.org/articles/2008/jul2008/srilj05.shtml
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220.Col.R.Hariharan, Sri Lanka:Putting Indian Delegations Visit in Perspective, http://www.c3sindia.org/india/266
221. Secrets behind the secret Indian visit, June 29, 2008, http://sundaytimes.lk/080629/News/timesnews0013.html
222.B.Raman Is China doing a Myanmar in Sri Lanka? June 27, 2008 http://in.rediff.com/news/2008/jun/27guest1.htm
223. Rajat Pandit, India to expand military ties with Sri Lanka, June 23, 2008, The Times of India
224.SheelaBhatt,CanIndiatrusttheSriLankanPresident?July28,2006,http://in.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/28spec.htm?zcc=rl
225. I ndia donates second warship to Sri Lanka, February 25, 2005, http://www.tamilnet.com/art.html?catid=13&artid=21368
226. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President on peace process, July 3, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/July3142608JV.html
227. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President, November 23, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/November23184729CH.html
228. Sri Lanka President arrives in India, November 26, 2006, http://www.colombopage.com/archive/November2625851CH.html
229. Indian Finance Minister meets Sri Lanka President, November 11, 2007, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_07/November11153600CH.html
230. Indian Foreign Secretary meets Sri Lanka President, January 17, 2009, http://www.colombopage.com/archive_09/January1760548CH.html
231. David Soysa, Pentagons Spectre Hambantota Port plus Kra canal, February 01, 2009, http://www.island.lk/2009/02/01/features11.html
232. Bhaskar Roy, Chinas Defence White Paper 2008 An Indian Perspective, February 11, 2009, http://www.c3sindia.org/military/477
233.Nuwan Peiris, Hambantota Harbour and an Exiles Return Geo-Political Dimensions of an Invasive Species, August 2, 2007, http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/%5Cpapers24%5Cpaper2347.html
234. Rohan Abaywerdena, Habantota Harbour ahead of Schedule, March 1, 2009, www.nation.lk/2009/03/01/newsfe1.htm
235. Sonali Samarasingje, Clash of the titans over Hambantota port, December 11, 2005, http://www.thesundayleader.lk/20051211/s