FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT IN-DEPTH REVIEW ON THE CURRENT GVA … · 2 days ago · Added (GVA) estimation methods of total production in the Mongolian livestock sector with accordance

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National Statistics Office of Mongolia

FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

IN-DEPTH REVIEW ON THE CURRENT GVA

ESTIMATION METHOD OF THE LIVESTOCK

SECTOR OUTPUT IN MONGOLIA

April 2017

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Contents

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 4

1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 5

2. INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................... 7

2.1 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................................. 7

2.2 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................... 7

2.3 CLASSIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 8

28. CLASSIFICATIONS USED FOR THE AGRICULTURE STATISTICS AND SAMPLE SURVEYS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

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3. IN-DEPTH REVIEW ON THECURRENT GROSS VALUE ADDED ESTIMATION METHOD OF

THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR OUTPUT...................................................................................................... 10

3.1 GROSS OUTPUT .................................................................................................................................... 12

A. Estimation of Change in number of livestock and domestic animals ............................................... 13

B. Livestock yields ................................................................................................................................... 14

C. Production of other outputs ............................................................................................................... 16

3.2 INTERMEDIATE CONSUMPTION ............................................................................................................ 16

4. INPUT SURVEYS OF GVA ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 18

4.1 YIELD OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY SURVEY2015 ............................................................................ 18

4.2 PRODUCER PRICES SURVEY FOR ESTIMATION OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION 2015 – REVIEW ...... 22

4.3 SURVEY ON COST AND EXPENDITURES OF AGRICULTURALACTIVITIES 2015 ...................................... 25

5. ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT METHODOLOGY OF THE ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE

ADDED IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR ............................................................................................................ 30

6. WAY FORWARD & RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................. 34

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................. 38

ANNEX 1. MAIN CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ................................................................................. 39

ANNEX 2. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM OF THE YIELD SURVEY OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY

...................................................................................................................................................................... 42

ANNEX 3. PRODUCER PRICE SURVEY FOR ESTIMATION OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION OF

HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................................................................ 51

ANNEX 4. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM OF PRODUCER PRICE SURVEY FOR ESTIMATION OF

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION OF ENTERPRISES ................................................................................... 52


CROP PRODUCTION OF HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................... 53


CROP PRODUCTION OF ENTERPRISES ............................................................................................... 54

ANNEX 7. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM OF THE SURVEY ON COST AND EXPENDITURES OF

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES (NEW) ................................................................................................... 55

ANNEX 8. QUESTIONNAIRE FORM OF THE SURVEY ON COST AND EXPENDITURES OF

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES (PREVIOUS) ......................................................................................... 59

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Within the Regional Programme for the improvement of economic statistics in

Asia and the Pacific, National Statistics Office of Mongolia and United Nations

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) established a

partnership to improve the methodology for Gross Value Added (GVA) estimation

methods of total production in the Mongolian livestock sector in accordance with the

2008 System of National Accounts. In the framework of this partnership, methods of

total production of the Mongolian livestock sector is planned to be improved through

the assessment of current Gross Value Added estimation methods, collection of data on

yield productivity and costs of livestock production.

The Gross Value Added estimation methods of the agricultural sector of GDP

compilation, Yield of livestock productivity survey, producers’ price survey for the

estimation of agricultural production and survey on cost and expenditure of

agricultural surveys are conducted every five years. The survey on cost and expenditure

of 2015 agricultural activities has beenconducted in 2016,withESCAP providing

significant contributions to this survey. Brief summary results of latest surveys are

provided in this assessment report showing main statistics of the Mongolian livestock

sector.

As planned, the National Statistics Office of Mongolia with the support from an

expert developed and improved the GVA estimation methodologies by assessing the

current GVA estimation methodologies used in livestock sector of Mongolia. In the

assessments, setback and issues in the economic indicators from livestock sector were

determined along with previous agriculture and livestock censuses and survey results.

Prior to final recommendations, necessary surveys have been prepared and conducted

from households where the data availabilities were absent. The survey results and in-

depth reviews on current GVA methodologies and related censuses and surveys, as well

as the important recommendations are given in the later part.

Based onthe recommendation, a new improved draft of the methodology on GVA

for livestock sector has been prepared along with a new questionnaire, detailed action

plan with activities on the implementation and further improvements.

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1. INTRODUCTION

1. The agricultural sector is one of the main sectors of Mongolian economy. Livestock

production produces most of the final consumption and raw materials of manufacturing

products for households of Mongolia.

2. The agricultural sector constitutes 14 percent of Mongolian GDP. Exports of

agricultural products amount to 9 percent of the total export. 29 percent of the total labor

force is allocated to the agricultural sector. The livestock sector is the dominant sector of the

agricultural production, contributing 85 percent of the total agricultural production.

3. Households and small units engaged in livestock production run activities for their

own final use. For instance, a household uses meat, milk, and wool and cashmere it produces.

The amount of outputs produced by oneself and utilized for own use are reflected in the gross

output.

4. The objective of this assessment is to improve the methodology for Gross Value

Added (GVA) estimation methods of total production in the Mongolian livestock sector with

accordance to regional and international standards.

5. In Mongolia, the estimation of livestock GVA has 4 main components: livestock

census, livestock yield, producers’ price and cost and expenditure surveys. Livestock census

is conducted annually while livestock yield, producers’ price survey and cost and expenditure

surveys are conducted every five years.

6. In 2015, the livestock yield and producers’ price surveys were conducted. While,

livestock cost and expenditure survey for 2015 was conducted in 2016. In the cost and

expenditure surveys, improved survey questionnaires and methodologies were used and the

new questionnaire was more focused on households and provided more alternatives for the

respondents.

7. The reason for these improvements in the survey questionnaire and methodologies

was to incorporate the livestock sector estimations into GDP estimations and balances of

goods and services, more properly and accurately. This is because, the estimation of the gross

output of livestock industry is one of main data sources to control the estimation of GDP and

food security of Mongolia.

8. Incentives of conducting this updated livestock cost and expenditure survey were to

review the current methodology and explore possible extensions and applications in the

methodology. Another incentive was to use the survey results to upgrade the conversion

factors of the methodology and base year, if necessary.

9. Some aspects of current methodologies on livestock sector estimation used by

National Statistics Office of Mongolia are relatively recent and have several issues. Through

assessment of the survey results and activities, those issues are expected to be explored and

possible recommendations and solution are expected to be generated.

10. The assessment report is made up from four main sections: institutional environment,

current livestock GVA estimation methodology, inputs of GVA estimation, assessment and

in-depth reviews and recommendations.

11. In the institutional environment section, first, Mongolian law and statistics and its

developments is briefly explained and followed by statistics laws on livestock production.

Then, stakeholder analysis shows the structure of agricultural data collections by government

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agencies and its development plan in NSDS. Lastly, product classification used in Mongolian

livestock sector is briefly explained.

12. In the part of in-depth review on the current gross value added estimation

methodology of the livestock sector output, first, the steps of surveys and census used in

livestock GVA estimation are shown and explained. These are annual livestock census,

livestock yield survey, producers’ price survey and cost and expenditure survey. Then,

several issues related to product classification by sectors are mentioned. Later, current

methodology of gross output estimation of livestock sector is explained step by step for each

livestock product.

13. In the part of input surveys of GVA estimation methodologies, recent surveys and

censuses used for GVA estimation are explained one by one. First, short reviews of Yield of

livestock productivity survey and Producers’ prices survey for estimation of livestock

production 2015 are described including survey scope, methodology, frame, sample sizing

and grouping, questionnaire, response rate and results. Data of these two surveys are used in

supply side of output. Then, result of Survey on cost and expenditures of agricultural

activities 2015 illustrated in detail by products.

14. Following the input surveys, part of the assessment on current methodology of the

estimation of the value added in the livestock sector is discussed, reviewing and assessing the

necessary areas of surveys’ result. In the necessary area, change in the number of livestock

and domestic animals, livestock yield, milk production and hide and skin production are

considered.

15. Lastly, recommendations and possible further activities are proposed and based on the

assessment. Several recommendations and suggestions are given on data collection for the

livestock sector, and estimation of the value added in the livestock sector. For the possible

further activities, a detailed plan of action or further activities are proposed.

16. In the annexes, references, terms and definitions used in this reports, detailed

information and questionnaires of the three surveys are provided.

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2. INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Legal and Institutional Framework

17. In the Constitution of Mongolia, it states that “Livestock are national wealth and shall

be protected by the Government”. Which means livestock is fundamental to Mongolian

economy. In this regard, every year, the Livestock Census is conducted by the NSO and it is

aimed to determine livestock numbers, demography, herd structures, changes in livestock

ownership and to use for planning, policy and decision making purposes of agricultural

sector.

18. Enforcement of sound legal instruments is important for official statistics. For

Mongolia, the legislation of statistics consists of the Constitution of Mongolia, the Law on

Statistics and other acts and decrees to the Law on Statistics, such as the Law on Population

and Housing Census in Mongolia. The Law on Statistics was first adopted in 1994 and

amended in 1997, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2013 and 2015. The Law on Population and

Housing Census was first approved in 2008 and it is still being applied.

19. Strong and comprehensive legal basis of statistics and solid administrative

arrangements to ensure the proper functioning of the statistical processes of national statistics

system provide the necessary frameworks for development of official statistic, not only at

national, but also at the international level. The backbone of the Mongolian legal and

institutional framework for statistics is adherent to the United Nations Fundamental

Principles of Official Statistics which was developed by the United Nations Statistical

Commission in 1994.

20. According to the Law on Statistics, the agricultural census is to be conducted by the

National Statistics Office once every ten years, which is also recommended by UNFAO to

obtain basic information such as number of livestock, land use, planted area of crop, use of

fertilizer and pesticide, machinery, etc. For Mongolia, the first agricultural census was

conducted in 2012 and the next agricultural census is planned to be conducted in 2022.

2.2 Stakeholder Analysis

21. The agricultural statistics system of Mongolia is decentralized by law. The main

agency for agricultural statistics is the National Statistics Office and it plays the leading role

in producing agricultural statistics at national and regional levels. The Ministry of Food,

Agriculture and Light Industry has a mandate to collect data on activities in agriculture,

including data on production, fallow cultivation, soil preparation, seed preparation and

artificial insemination. In addition, there are several other government agencies collecting

food and agriculture data from registrations and reports of their administrative tools. Major

agricultural statistics in Mongolia and data sources are shown below:

a. National Statistics Office

i. Agricultural census (every 10 year, by-census 5 year)

ii. Livestock census (every year)

iii. Livestock fences and wells (every 3 year)

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iv. Sample survey on livestock

v. Market price survey on agricultural products

vi. Annual enterprise survey

vii. Monthly livestock reports

1. Rearing of young animals

2. Losses of adult animals

viii. Monthly crop reports

1. Sown areas

2. Harvested crops

ix. Veterinary reports

b. Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry

i. Animal insemination

ii. Number and utilization of wells

iii. Irrigation points

iv. Hay making, pasture and grassland protection

v. Intensified animal husbandry

c. Ministry of Environment and Tourism

i. Forest land usage

ii. Maximum limit of wild animal hunting for domestic and special

purposes

d. Administration of Land Affairs and Geodesy and Cartography

i. Unified land territory

22. National Statistics Office of Mongolia has successfully implemented the first two

phases of National Strategy for Development of Statistics (NSDS) of Mongolia. The third

phase of NSDS has been developed and awaiting for approval from Parliament.

23. In the third phase of NSDS, development of agriculture statistics has been included

and its focus is on the coordination of agencies to produce agriculture statistics. Most of

further improvement in the methodologies of livestock statistics depends on highly technical

and expert skills and coordination of the experts in the fields.

24. For the improvement of the data collection from livestock sector, coordination of the

agencies and National Statistics Office of Mongolia is crucial.

2.3 Classifications

25. The use of standards and definitions assures a systematic coverage of the economy

and permits international aggregations and comparisons.

26. Indicators, definitions and classifications used in agriculture statistics are generally in

line with international recommendations and standards.

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27. Detailed information on annual activities of agricultural enterprises is collected

through integrated questionnaires. For economic statistical surveys and reports, the Central

Product Classification (CPC) and the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)

are used by NSOM.

28. Classifications used for the agriculture statistics and sample surveys are as follows:

a) International Standard Industrial Classification, ISIC-4.0;

b) Central Product Classification, CPC-2.0;

c) Code for administrative and territorial units of Mongolia MNS-5641-1:2006;

d) Codes for cities and village;

e) Codes for regions of Mongolia;

29. According to ISIC 4.0 livestock production belongs to the Group-014. Animal

production includes raising (farming) and breeding of all animals, except for aquatic animals.

30. Livestock refers to all animals, birds and insects kept or reared in captivity mainly for

agricultural purposes. This includes cattle, buffaloes, horses and other equine animals,

camels, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as poultry, bees, silkworms, etc. – except for aquatic

animals (CPC -2.1 – Division 02).

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3. IN-DEPTH REVIEW ON THECURRENT GROSS VALUE ADDED

ESTIMATION METHOD OF THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR OUTPUT

31. The current methodology on the estimation of GDP and GNI was approved in 2013

and further changes were made to make it consistent with the main recommendations in the

SNA – 2008 and international methodology and classifications.

32. Basically, GDP derives from the concept of value added. Gross value added is the

difference between output and intermediate consumption. GDP is the sum of gross value

added of all resident producer units that part (possibly the total) of taxes on products, less

subsidies on products, that is not included in the valuation of output (SNA, 2008, 2.138).

SCHEME 1. LIVESTOCK GVA COMPILATION STEPS

Livestock

census

Survey 1-Yield

survey

Survey 2 –

Producers’

prices survey

Survey 3 – Cost

and Expenditure

Survey

Data

collection

Annual

census

Yields of

livestock product,

by type

Producers’ prices

of livestock

products, by type

IC/Output

VA/Output

Compilation Number of

livestock

Livestock

population x

yields

Production of

livestock product

in volume terms x

Producer prices

Production of

livestock products

in value terms x

(IC/Output)

Production of

livestock products

in value terms x

(VA/Output)

Results Livestock

population,

by type

Production of

livestock product

in volume terms,

by type

Production of

livestock products

in value terms, by

type

Total output

IC

VA

33. Estimations of total production and value added in the agriculture sector are

calculated separately for enterprises and households. Also, in the estimations of production

for households by provinces, regional yield coefficients are used for estimations.

34. Estimations of Value added in Livestock sector are based on production side

estimations. Therefore, it is necessary to assess estimations of gross output and intermediate

consumption.

35. Households in livestock sector produce not only raw and primary products, but also

produce the number of livestock processed products from raw livestock products for sale and

own-use. NSO has data on several numbers of such products and can be used for GVA

estimation and other statistics.

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36. In scheme 2, some indicators or livestock processed products that are produced by

households in livestock sector for sale or own use is listed. For instance, outputs processed

from meat, milk, skin and wool by household in livestock sector for sale or own use, such as

dried meat, dairy products, felt etc should be included in GVA estimation.

SCHEME 2. OUTPUTS BY TYPE OF PRODUCTS INCLUDED IN GVA ESTIMATION OF

LIVESTOCK SECTOR

Current

product

Indicators/outputs

can be included

Remark

Meat Dried meat or jerky

Offal

Etc

Conversion coefficients that are not

mentioned in current methodology are used

for conversion of those products into meat.

Dairy products Curd

Dried curd

Cheese

Yogurt

Airag or kumis

Alcoholic beverage

distilled from milk

Etc

Milk production in livestock sector is

estimated by deducting the imported milk

products and manufactured milk products

from total household milk product

expenditures derived from Household social

and economic survey results. In other words,

livestock milk production is estimated from

use side rather than supply/production side.

Thus, this could be improved by the

agricultural census.

Hides and skins Leather strap In the hides and skin production, there is a

small amount in production side not

explained. Lost amount and intermediate

consumption of hides and skins are not

differentiated. Thus, intermediate

consumption such as leather strap should be

specified as well as other correction.

Wool Felt

Felt products

Felt boot, carpet,

souvenir etc

Estimation of felt and felt production should

be specified in the estimation methodology

and could be improved by agricultural

census.

37. From 2013 onwards, the National Statistics Office of Mongolia has commenced

constructing the Supply and Use Table, compiled previously every 5 year, on an annual basis.

The Survey of Livestock Yields is conducted every 5 years. Relevant estimates for the inter

survey period used to be made based on survey results. For instance, if the milk output

increases from 500 liters according to the first survey to 600 liters according to the next

survey, the average change is reflected in the inter survey periods.

TABLE 2. MILK YELD PER LIVESTOCK by liter

T t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4 t+5

Survey results 500 600

Estimates 500 520 540 560 580 600

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* Numbers in table 2is shown for illustrative purpose and taken randomly.

38. When preparing SUT based GDP estimates, we used to make estimation using the

revised outputs.

39. There are challenges with regard to the incorporation of the change in the yield

outputs into relevant estimates when the annual SUT is compiled and to the revisions to the

previous estimates.

3.1 Gross output

40. For the estimation of the agricultural sector outputs, the results of the annual livestock

census, yield surveys, producers’ price survey on agricultural products and cost and

expenditure survey are used.

FIGURE 1. 2010 GVA ESTIMATION OF PRODUCT

* Numbers in graph shown as percentage of GVA estimations of livestock products

by 2005 and 2010 base year

41. Diagrams above shows the shares of livestock products as GVA of livestock sector by

2005 and 2010 base year. From the diagrams, meat, milk, wool and cashmere productions

make most of the GVA in livestock and animal sector. In the other products, egg, honey and

others are included.

42. For the current methodology used in Mongolia, the gross output of the livestock

sector includes:

A. Change in number of livestock and domestic animals,

B. Production of livestock yields; and

C. Production of other outputs.

43. According to the methodology used by the NSO of Mongolia, growth and

reproduction of livestock and animals areequal to the differences between the numbers of

livestock at the beginning and the end of the reference period, and that of livestock at the

beginning of the reference period and the number of live livestock and animals slaughtered or

exported.

32.1

25.9

21.1

6.0

11.0

3.9

29.8

20.1 21.6

10.214.0

4.4

Meat Milk Wool, cashmere FurskinLivestock and animal growth, reproductionOther

2005 2010

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A. Estimation of Change in number of livestock and domestic animals

44. Numbers used in the estimation below are taken from the annual livestock census.

Change in number of livestock=Change in stock of animals and livestock (1)

+livestock and animals provided for slaughter

Domestic animals: Pigs and poultry. The output of domestic animals is estimated by the

change in number of domestic animals during the reference period. Total output of livestock

production is estimated for each type of animals (horse, cattle, camel, sheep and goat) as

follows.

Output of newborn animals = Survived newborn animals x Price of new born animals

Output of adult animals = (Adult animals, at the end of the year (by age)

- Adult animals, at the beginning of the year (by age))

x Price of adult animals (by age)

Total output of livestock production = output of new born animals

+ output of adult animals

The producer price per livestock and domestic animal is set at provincial/aimag level during

the survey of agricultural producer prices, which is conducted every 5 years.

45. For the rest of animals such as pigs, sow, boar, piglet and poultry, output is calculated

by the differences between end of the year and beginning of the year, and multiplied by

prices of each domestic animal.

46. On the consumption side, livestock and animals sold for slaughter have the same

reference with livestock and animals used for food consumption.

47. Number of livestock used for food consumption by type of livestock is calculated

from sums of livestock of the beginning of the year and survivals of new born livestock by

deducting number of lost livestock and livestock at the end of the year.

48. Used livestock, by type of livestock, are calculated from the number of livestock used

for food by excluding livestock slaughtered in the slaughterhouse.

49. Slaughtered livestock or livestock used for food are calculated by adding the number

of slaughtered livestock (excluding livestock slaughtered in slaughterhouse) and producer

(1) Change in stock of animals and livestock is measured by the change in number of

adult livestock and domestic animals and number of newborn animals.

Newborn animals: Newborn animals enumerated during the reference period

refer as a new product.

Adult animals: The number of total livestock minus new born animals

enumerated minus the change in number of livestock by type and age group of

livestock. The production of livestock growth outputs is estimated by having

valued the change during the reference period by each livestock type at average

producer prices.

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prices of reference year of each livestock. Annual changes of market prices of livestock

products are used in estimation of producer prices of the reference year.

B. Livestock yields

50. Livestock yields are the outputs produced as a result of raising livestock and domestic

animals such as milk, wool and cashmere and other products. Outputs in turn and the

estimates are calculated separately for each livestock.

B1. Milk production

51. Milk output is estimated by the amount of milk produced from livestock with new

offspring. Total milk production is estimated by multiplying the number of new offspring

reared in a year by percent of milked female livestock and average milk output per livestock.

52. Indicators of table 3 are used in calculation of total milk production. In order to

calculate total milk production, first, number of milked livestock is calculated by multiplying

number of surviving female livestock with percentage of milked female livestock. Then, milk

production is calculated by multiplying number of milked livestock by milk yield per

livestock. Finally, total production of milk is calculated by multiplying milk production with

producers’ price of milk.

TABLE 3. MILK PRODUCTION

No Indicators Total Female

camel Mare Cow Ewe

Femal

e goat

1 Number of survivals

2 Percent of milked female, %* 86.5 56.1 91.5 59.4 70.9

3 Number of milked livestock (1х2)/100

4 Milk yield per livestock*, kg 179 189 494 17 25

5 Milk production, t (3х4)/1000

6 Producer price of milk

7 Total production of milk (5х6)

* Numbers in the table are results of 2010 survey result taken from the methodology

* In estimation of milked female, number of small livestock with twin offspring should be considered.

In current methodology, small livestock with twin offspring is included in percentage of milked female

livestock.

B2. Wool production

53. For the wool production of the reference year, first the difference of the number of

livestock at the beginning of the year and the number of livestock lost over the period until it

is shearedis multiplied with wool yield per livestock. Wool yields and shearing periods are

different for each livestock. In other words, the period of losses of sheep is until July when

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the shearing of sheep starts from July. For goats, the first two months for loss, and the first

three months are for losses for therest of the livestock.

54. Then, producers’ prices of wool, cashmere, mould, and hair yields by producer prices

of wool, cashmere, mould, and hairare multiplied with number of livestock after deduction of

the losses and yields of the each livestock for relative output.

55. Producers’ prices and yields of the livestock are determined by sample surveys of

producers’ prices and yields conducted every 5 year. Calculations are shown in table 4.

TABLE 4. WOOL AND CASHMERE PRODCUTION

No Indicators Total Camel Horse Cattle Sheep Goat

1 livestock at the beginning of

the year

2 Percent of clipped livestock,

% *

100.0 31.0 31.0 100.0 100.0

3 Number of clipping, combing

and shearing livestock

Camel

wool

Adult

animal

mould

Adult

animal

mould

Sheep

wool

Goat

cashmere

4 Wool and cashmere yield per

livestock/animal, gr

4682 351 351 1126 401

5 Wool production, t

6 Producer price of wool

7 Wool production, t


Note: Wool, cashmere, mould, and hair yields are defined based on the Survey of Livestock Yields,

conducted every 5 years, while the producer prices of wool, cashmere, mould, and hair are set by

provinces/aimags based on the Survey of Agricultural Producer Prices, carried out every 5 years.

B3. Hide and skin production

56. The hide and skin production is estimated by total livestock consumed for food, loss

of adult animals, and percent of probability of using hides and skins of new born animals and

livestock lost.

57. Hides of total livestock consumed for food in the reference year are completely

reflected in the estimation whereas those of new born and adult livestock that died from

natural causes are included in the estimation using a certain proportion.

58. Indicators of table 5 are used in calculation of total production of hides and skins.

First, number of used hides and skins are calculated by adding number of slaughtered animals

and number of adult animals multiplied by percentage of use of hides and skins of lost

animals. Then, total production of hides and skins is calculated by multiplying number of

used hides and skins by producers’ prices of hides and skins.

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TABLE 5. HIDE AND SKIN PRODUCTION

No Indicators Total Camel

hide

Horse

hide

Cattle

hide

Sheep

skin

Goat

skin

Lamb

skin

Kid

skin

1 Number of slaughtered animals

2 Losses of adult animals

3 Use of hides and skins, percent

of probability*

50.0 60.0 65.0 65.0 60.0 85.0 35.0

4 Used hides and skins,

pcs(1+(2x3/100))

5 Producer price of hides, skins*

6 Total production of hides and

skins(4x5)


* Percentage of use of hides and skins produced from slaughtered animals is needed to be calculated. Because,

due to recent decline in prices of hides and skins, use of hides and skins of slaughtered animal is declining.

59. For the years in between yield surveys of livestock conducted 5 years apart, the

following price adjustment mechanism is applied in the estimations.

60. Differences between yields values of the two surveys conducted every5 years apart

are equally allocated to the estimations of years within the two surveys and same adjustments

will be used for reference years’ estimation.

C. Production of other outputs

61. These include hides and skins, velvet antlers, eggs, feather, honey, dung and manure

of livestock and domestic animals.

62. Relevant data on honey, velvet antlers, and hide production by furbearer farms such

as astrakhans, sables, and foxes are collected from establishments and household businesses

engaged in the concerned activities in conjunction with the Livestock and Domestic Animal

Census.

63. Egg production refers to the eggs used and obtained from hens and other birds over

one year period. The amount of dung and manure of livestock used in households and

producer prices are defined by regions based on a sample survey conducted every 5 years.

Price of dung and manure varies region to region.

3.2 Intermediate consumption

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64. Estimation of total intermediate cost of livestock production is in its primary

stage.Estimates for the gross output of and value added in the agricultural industry are made

separately for establishments and household businesses.

65. Cost and expenditure sample survey has been conducted for households in

agricultural sector every 5 years. From this sample survey, cost structure for household such

as ratios of intermediate consumption to gross output and value added to gross output is

compiled. Input data of this sample survey is available and disseminated in details.

66. Full enumeration survey of costs of agricultural survey is conducted from enterprises

annually. This full enumeration survey is conducted along with the annual business survey.

From full enumeration survey results, ratios of intermediate consumption to gross output and

value added to gross output are calculated.

67. Using these ratios, intermediate consumptions and value added are estimated.

68. It should be discussed in detail whether slaughtered livestock for household meat

consumption should be included in the agricultural products.

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4. INPUT SURVEYS OF GVA ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY

69. In GVA estimation of the livestock sector, results of annual livestock census, yield of

livestock productivity survey, producers’ prices survey for estimation of livestock production

and cost and expenditure survey are used. The purpose of livestock census is to monitor and

identify the total number of livestock, while one of the purposes of the livestock surveys is to

estimate GVA of livestock sector. Since livestock census is conducted annually, using the

results of the livestock census for the aggregates in GVA estimation is preferable.

70. On the other hand, yield, producers’ price and cost expenditure surveys of livestock

are conducted every 5 years. Therefore, the assessment focused on the methodologies of

these surveys.

71. During the preparation of the survey reports, series of careful and thorough reviews

on the survey data are done. In other words, the survey results during preparation should not

be considered as the final result. It has been observed that dealing with the problems related

to qualified personnel for the field operation and the data entry, financial constraints and

capacity to resolve the data entry issues at the local level is a challenging and management

intensive exercise.

4.1 Yield of Livestock Productivity Survey2015

72. Yield of livestock productivity survey 2015 was conducted from April to November

2015. In this period, most of livestock yield were produced in Mongolia.

73. The objectives of conducting Yield Survey of Livestock Productivity are to estimate

gross output and GVA of livestock sector and to collect base year data at provincial/aimag

level. Survey results are used to revise the previous estimates for livestock sector, to update

the Input Output Table and the Supply and Use Table in terms of the agricultural sector.

74. Detailed information of Yield of Livestock Productivity survey including the scope,

methodology, sample frame, sample size and grouping and response rate is shown in Annex

2. Questionnaire of Yield of Livestock Productivity survey is shown in Annex 3.

TABLE 6. NUMBER OF SUB PROVINCES/SOUMS SELECTED IN THE

SURVEY

Geographical regions Total number of sub

provinces/soums

Selected number of sub

provinces/soums

High mountainous 63 11

Forestry 81 15

Steppe 70 13

Gobi/desert 64 16

Great lakes basin 52 7

Total 330 62

* Taken from 71th resolution of Government of Mongolia, 5th

of April 2006

19

4.1.1 Survey Questionnaire

75. The Yield Survey of Livestock Productivity contained questions related to yields of

milk, wool, cashmere, mould and hair of animals (horse, cattle, camel, sheep and goat).Yield

of livestock was classified by different types. Sheared sheep wool was classified by wool of

adult sheep and wool of lamb. Sheared camel wool was collected through young age and

adult age by male and female wool. Mould and hair of animals was collected from horse and

cattle. Milk of the cow was identified by types of breeding (indigenous, improved, pure-bred

and best and including yak).Questionnaire form of the Yield Survey of Livestock

Productivity is shown in Annex 1.

4.1.2 Summary of Results

MILK YIELDS

76. Throughout all seasons of the year, daily average yields of milk produced from one

cattle are 2.10 liters from domestic cow breeds, 1.52 liters from yak, and 2.41litersfromyak-

cow hybrids and 3.30 liters from hybrid cows. While, average milking periods of cows for

one year are 5.7 months for domestic cow breeds, 6.5 months for yak, 9 months for yak-cow

hybrid and 6.9 months for hybrid cow. Milk yield from cow and milking periods are different

throughout the regions. Domestic cow breeds account for 93.5 percents of total cows in

Mongolia.

77. Milk yields of domestic cow breed by regions are 2.35 liters in Steppe area, 2.05 liters

in Khangai area, and 2.06 liters in Mountainous area and 2.07 liters Gobi/desert areas.

78. Coverage rates of breeds to milking are 93.7 percent for yak-cow hybrid, 89.8 percent

for yak, 88.2 percent for hybrid and 87.5 percent for domestic cow breeds.

79. Coverage rates of yak and yak-cow hybrid to milking is highest in mountainous area

covering 94.6 percent while coverage rates of hybrid cow and domestic cow breeds are

highest in Khangai area, showing the coverage rate from 90.6 to 90.7 percents.

80. Coverage rates of cattle breeds to milking in Table 7 are used in calculation of milk

production. Given different coverage rates of breed to milking in areas, it is necessary to

calculate coverage rates for the areas, separately. Also, cattle breeds are spread throughout all

regions.

TABLE 7. COVERAGE RATE OF CATTLE BREEDS TO MILKING, by regions and

percentage, 2015

Breeds National

average

Of which:

Khangai Mountainous Steppe Gobi/desert

Domestic cow breeds 87.5 90.7 87.9 79.4 82.1

Yak 89.8 88.6 91.0 87.5 -

Yak-cow hybrid 93.7 89.3 94.6 - -

Hybrid cow 88.2 90.6 80.0 81.5 100.0

* Numbers in the table are the preliminary results of 2015 livestock yield survey of Mongolia

20

** Numbers and percentage of table is calculated from results of Yield of Livestock Productivity survey 2015.

81. Annual average milk yields are 369.7 liters from domestic cow breeds, 271.3 liters

from yak, and 405.1 liters fromyak-cow hybrid and 657.2 liters from hybrid cows.

82. Average milk yields of cattle breeds are calculated separately for the areas in Table 8,

since the cattle breeds have different milk yields depending on areas. Also, some regions are

inhospitable for certain cattle breeds. From average milk yields of cattle breeds within

regions, national average milk yields of cattle breeds are calculated.

TABLE 8. ANNUAL AVERAGE MILK YIELDS OF CATTLE BREEDS, by areas and

liter, 2015

National

average

Of which:


Domestic cow breeds 369.7 381.8 380.1 449.0 267.8

Yak 271.3 323.4 297.2 193.4 -

Yak-cow hybrid 405.1 312.0 498.3 - -

Hybrid cow 657.2 544.7 617.7 1033.6 432.8


** Numbers and percentage of table is calculated from results of Yield of Livestock Productivity survey 2015.

83. Coverage rates of other dam livestock to milking are 73.9 percent for mare, 70.3

percents for cow camel, 60.8 percent for ewe and 71.3 percent for nanny goat. Highest

coverage rates of other dam livestock to milking are 78.0 percent in Khangai area for mare,

81.5 percent in Steppe area for cow camel, 71.3-77.2 percents in mountainous area for ewe

and nanny goat.

84. Table 9 shows the coverage rate of other dam livestock for milking by region.

Coverage rates of milking of other dam livestock are used for calculation of milk yields of

other dam livestock. Also, national average of coverage rate of milking of other dam

livestock is calculated from the average of each region.

TABLE 9COVERAGE RATE OF OTHER DAM LIVESTOCK TO MILKING, by areas and

percentage, 2015

National

average

Of which:


Mare 73.9 78.0 68.9 51.0 73.8

Cow camel 70.3 77.1 81.5 83.1 60.7

Ewe 60.8 68.7 71.3 30.6 53.6

Nanny goat 71.3 70.7 77.2 44.3 72.0


21

85. Annual average milk yields of other dam livestock are 140.8 liters for mare, 151.6

liters for cow camel, and 14.3 liters for ewe and 24.8 liters for nanny goat.

86. In Table 10, annual average milk yields of other dam livestock are shown for mares,

cow camels, ewe and nanny goats by region. National average milk yields are calculated from

the averages of each region.

TABLE 10. ANNUAL AVERAGE MILK YIELD OF OTHER DAM LIVESTOCK, by

areas and liter, 2015

National

average

Of which:


Mare 140.8 214.8 93.3 98.5 156.7

Cow camel 151.6 181.6 78.2 101.3 245.2

Ewe 14.3 12.5 11.9 20.7 12.1

Nanny goat 24.8 23.8 23.1 19.0 33.2


YIELDS OF WOOL, CASHMERE, MOULD AND HAIR

TABLE 11. ANNUAL AVERAGE YIELDS OF WOOL, CASHMERE, MOULD AND

HAIR, by livestock, regions and gram, 2015

National

average

Of which:


Camel wool, young 2254.7 1972.4 2187.8 2402.5 2272.0

Camel wool, adult 3086.9 3710.9 3341.0 2699.0 2916.8

Sheep long wool 1162.1 1046.7 1530.0 1029.1 1096.0

Lamb wool 397.0 428.6 393.0 366.6 366.8

Cashmere 377.7 304.3 392.7 360.8 408.0

Goat hair 202.0 135.6 221.3 261.1 196.5

Mould of big livestock 347.3 374.0 345.6 290.6 320.9

Hair of big livestock 310.0 364.7 320.6 224.0 208.5


22

87. In table 11, annual average yields of wool, cashmere, mould and hair are shown by

different categories and areas, separately. Wool, cashmere, mould and hair yields are

different depending on each region.

88. Annual average yields of wool, cashmere, mould and hair are 2.3 kg wool from one

young camel, 3.1 kg wool from one adult camel, 1.2 kg long wool from one sheep, 397 gram

wool from one lamb, 377.7 gram cashmere and 202 gram hair from one goat and 347.3 gram

mould and 310 gram hair from one big livestock. Annual cashmere yield from one goat is

highest in Gobi/desert region, reaching 408 grams, lowest in the Khangai region amounting

to 304.3 grams.

4.2 Producer Prices Survey for Estimation of Agricultural Production 2015 – Review

89. The overall objectives of conducting Producer Prices Survey for Estimation of

Agricultural Production are to estimate gross output and GVA for livestock sector and to

collect base year (2015) data on a provincial/aimag level. Survey results are used to revise the

previous estimates for livestock sector and to update or construct the Input-Output Table and

the Supply and Use Table in terms of the agricultural sector.

90. Detailed information of Producer prices survey of agricultural production 2015

including its scope, methodology, sample frame, sample size and grouping and response rate is

shown in Annex 4. Questionnaire of Producer prices survey of agricultural production 2015 is

shown in Annex 5.


PRODUCERS PRICES OF LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS

91. In the table 12, average livestock prices are shown by regions for each livestock,

separately by adult, young and newborn.

92. From the results of the survey, it is observed that producers’ prices of adult horses in

mountainous regions and cattle, sheep, goats and camels in Gobi/desert regions are relatively

high. In 2015, prices of adult livestock are higher than young livestock for horse by 16.9-34.5

percent, cattle by 16.2-51.7 percent, camel by 57.4-62.8 percent, sheep by 3.8-54.9 percent

and goat by 30.6-52.2 percent.

TABLE12. AVERAGE LIVESTOCK PRICES, by types,areas and thousand tugrug,

2015

Mountainous Khangai Steppe Gobi/desert

Horse

Adult 663.6 549.2 469.2 580.8

Young 493.2 453.3 343.4 496.9

Newborn 133.3 100.0 166.7 144.5

Cattle

Adult 598.4 684.9 567.9 860.7

Young 403.2 479.3 488.9 567.5

Newborn 212.5 206.5 350.0 202.5

Camel Adult 813.8 783.3 565.4 826.4

23

Young 500.0 347.5 525.0

Sheep

Adult 97.1 89.8 83.3 105.7

Young 62.7 68.4 66.7 101.8

Newborn 31.1 38.9 42.5

Goat

Adult 69.6 69.6 54.5 78.8

Young 45.8 53.3 37.8 60.3

Newborn 19.4 30.7 32.0 50.0

* Numbers in the table are the preliminary results of 2015 producers’ prices survey of livestock and livestock

products of Mongolia

MEAT PRICE

93. In the table 13, average meat prices of each livestock are shown by each region.

94. In 2015, the highest price of 1 kg horse meat was 4400 tugrugs in Mountainous

regions, the highest price of 1 kg cattle meat was 4855 tugrugs in Mountainous regions, the

highest price of 1 kg camel meat was 2790 tugrugs within Gobi/desert regions, the highest

price of 1 kg sheep meat was 4365 tugrugs in the Gobi/desert area and the highest price of 1

kg goat meat was 3570 tugrugs in the Khangai regions.

TABLE13. AVERAGE MEAT PRICES, by livestock, areas and tugrug, 2015


Horse meat 4400 3240 2460 3840

Cattle meat 4855 4435 3970 3660

Camel meat 2000 - - 2790

Sheep meat 3850 4295 3485 4365

Goat meat 3325 3570 2235 3230



MILK PRICES

95. In the table 14, average milk prices of each livestock are shown by regions.

96. Milks of mare, cow camel and nanny goats haven’t been sold in Steppe regions and

milk prices in Mountainous regions were relatively higher except mare milk. In 2015, price of

1 liter cattle milk was 1355 tugrugs in Mountainous area, while prices of 1 liter cattle milk

were 1185 tugrugs in Steppe regions,1160 tugrugs in Gobi/desert regions and 935 tugrugs in

the Khangai.

24

TABLE14. AVERAGE MILK PRICES, by areas and tugrug/liter, 2015


Mare 2020 1385 - 2100

Cow 1355 935 1185 1160

Cow camel 2280 2050 - 1860

Ewe 1470 1145 150 1390

Nanny goat 1660 1130 - 1565

* Numbers in the table are the preliminary results of 2015 producers’ prices survey of livestock and

livestock products of Mongolia

PRICES OF WOOL AND CASHMERE

97. In table 15, average prices of wool, cashmere, mould and hair of livestock is shown

by each region.

98. In 2015, prices of 1 kg camel wool were 3825 tugrugs in Khangai area, 3720 tugrugs

in Gobi/desert regions, 3715 tugrugs in Mountainous regions and 2755 tugrugs in the Steppe

regions. Prices of 1 kg sheep wool were 495 tugrugs in Mountainous regions, which was the

highest, 425 tugrugs in the Khangai regions, 405 tugrugs in Gobi.desert and 295 tugrugs in

Steppe regions. Prices of 1 kg goat cashmere in the regions were around 44.5-49.8 thousand

tugrugs. Highest prices of 1 kg mould and 1kg hair of big livestock were priced at 3868

tugrugs and 4170 tugrugs in Mountainous regions.

TABLE15. AVERAGE PRICES OF WOOL, CASHMERE, MOULD AND HAIR,

by areas, 2015


Camel wool, ₮ 3715 3825 2755 3720

Sheep wool, ₮ 495 425 295 405

Goat cashmere, thous.₮ 48.3 49.8 44.5 47.0

Mould of big livestock, ₮ 2451 3087 3868 2530

Hair of big livestock, ₮ 4070 3269 4170 2150



PRICES OF HIDE AND SKIN

99. In the table 16, average prices of hides and skins of livestock are shown by regions.

25

100. Prices of one cattle hide were 26.5 thous.tug in the Steppe region, 26.2 thous.tugs in

the Khangai, and 24.7 thous.tugs in Gobi/desert regionsand 23.2 thous.tugs in Mountainous

regions.

101. Prices of one sheep skin were relatively constant in 4 areas ranging from 1.7-2.3

thous.tugs. In Gobi/desert area, price of one camel skin was 25.0 thous.tugs.

102. Skin of karakul/astrakhan sheep has sold at 0.5 thous.tugs in the Khangai regions.

Karakul/astrakhan sheep only live within the Khangai.

TABLE16. AVERAGE PRICES OF HIDES AND SKINS, by areas and thousand

tugrug, 2015


Horse hide 29.4 29.2 26.1 23.5

Cattle hide 23.2 26.2 26.5 24.7

Camel hide - 20.0 - 25.0

Sheep skin 1.8 2.3 1.7 2.0

Goat skin 8.3 5.9 5.0 4.9

Karakul/astrakhan

skin

- 0.5 - -

* Numbers in the table are the preliminary results of 2015 producers’ prices survey of livestock and

livestock products of Mongolia

4.3 Survey on Cost and Expenditures of AgriculturalActivities 2015

103. The overall objectives of the Survey on Cost and Expenditures of Agricultural

Activities are to estimate gross output, GVA and intermediate consumption and as well as to

identify input/output ratio and to collect base year (2015) data for livestock sector at

provincial/aimag level. Survey results are also used to revise the previous estimates for the

livestock sector and to update or construct the Input Output Table and the Supply and Use

Table in terms of the agricultural sector.

104. Detailed information of Survey on cost and expenditures of Agriculture Activities

2015 including its scope, methodology, sample frame, sample size and grouping and response

rate is shown in Annex 6. Questionnaire of Survey on cost and expenditures of Agriculture

Activities 2015 for livestock production is shown in Annex 7 and crop production is shown in

Annex 8.

26

4.3.1 Survey Questionnaire

105. In the 2011 agricultural survey, one questionnaire was prepared for households with

crop and vegetable production and livestock production. For the current survey, 2 separate

questionnaires were prepared; one for households with livestock production and another one

for crop and vegetable production.

106. The 2011 questionnaire was designed in table form for enterprises. However, the new

questionnaires were designed with categories of cost and expenditures for households. Both

questionnaires are provided within the annexes.

107. In the new questionnaire, income of household has 3 alternative answers; 1)sale,

2)own final use and 3)income from other sectors activities as secondary activity. Income

from livestock productions is categorized by livestock products such as livestock, meat, fur

skins, wool and cashmere, milk and dairy products and other yield products. Also, income

from secondary activities can be answered with detailed answers.

108. For the indicators suggested for reliability of agriculture account, SUT and GDP

estimations, and household expenditures of agriculture production is provided in detail. For

instance, tools and maintenance expenditures asked in details. Spare parts of machinery,

vehicles and equipments are provided as answers to the tools expenditure. Maintenance of

fence, machinery and equipment maintenance expenditure are provided as answers for

maintenance expenditure. Also, leasing expenditures are asked in details, along with several

others. For leasing expenditure, house and dwellings lease, machinery and equipments

leasing expenditure, leasing expenditure of animals for transportation are provided as

answers.

109. Insurance, internet, veterinary, banking and tax expenditures are added to the new

questionnaire.


STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME, EXPENDITURE AND VALUE ADDED IN

AGRICULTURE SECTOR

110. Households in agricultural sector are generating the income by selling their

agricultural production and consuming their agricultural production for their own

consumption. Small portion of the income is generated from the activities other than

agricultural activities for the households in the agricultural sector.

111. In the table 17, percentages of household outputs of livestock sector to total output are

shown.

112. From on table17 below, households in the agricultural sector, on average, generate

69.91 percent of the income by selling their livestock and livestock products. From the sales

of livestock and livestock products, such as meat and wool and cashmere generate 53.2

percent of total income generated in 2015.

113. Households in the agricultural sector, on average, use 28.56 percent of their total

output for their own consumption. For their own consumption, meat accounts for 58.08

percent of total output for own use.

27

114. Engagement in other activities for households in the agriculture sector is very low.

Output produced from other activities by households in agricultural sector is 1.52 percent of

total output.

TABLE 17. STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLD OUTPUT IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR,

by percentage, 2015

Indicators percentage

TOTAL OUTPUT 100.00

Sales 69.91

Livestock 20.54

Meat 10.85

Skin 2.15

Wool, cashmere 32.66

Milk 2.12

Dairy produce 1.41

Other animal products 0.17

Products for own use 28.56

Meat 16.59

Skin 0.72

Wool, cashmere 5.39

Milk 3.38

Dairy produce 2.29

Other animal products 0.19

Output from other activities 1.52

* Numbers in the table are the preliminary results of 2015 survey on cost and expenditures of

livestock activities of Mongolia

115. In the table 18, percentages of expenditures of households in livestock sector to total

expenditure are shown.

116. Households in livestock sector uses feeds and protein concentrates, maintenance of

the machinery equipments and fuels for their productions, amounting to almost half of the

total expenditure. Households in the livestock sector, on average, spend 20 percent of the

total expenditure in wages and financial payments.

117. Tax, interest payment and insurance expenditures of livestock production for

households are very low, around 2.4 percent of total expenditure. On the other hand,

medicine and pharmaceuticals, transportation and internet expenses amount to almost 13

percent of total expenditure.

28

TABLE 18. STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE IN LIVESTOCK

SECTOR, by percentage, 2015

Indicators Percentage

TOTAL EXPENDITURE 100.00

Compound feeds and protein concentrates 23.00

Fuel 3.87

Medicines and other pharmaceuticals 4.90

Product packaging and parcel 0.14

Soap, detergents, cosmetics and perfumery 1.36

Spare parts 10.04

Operating costs 1.34

Petrol, Diesel fuel 15.24

Transportation expenses 2.52

Repair services 6.53

Postal and courier services 3.03

Internet cost 0.08

Veterinary services 1.71

Wage of herder and temporary 12.72

Bank Charges, Financial Brokerage Fees 1.69

Interest payments 7.91

Insurance cost 1.05

Rental cost 0.30

Taxes and fees 0.45

Other cost 2.12



118. In the table 19, indicators of gross output, intermediate consumption and value added

of households in agriculture sector are disaggregated by percentages.

119. In gross output of households production for the livestock sector, intermediate

consumption and value added correspondently take up 30 and 70 percent, where 69 percent

of gross output is from sales revenue.

120. Raw materials and fuels make up most of the intermediate consumption of

households livestock production.

29

121. In the total value added in households livestock production, mixed income makes

almost 90 percent, while wages, interest payment, taxes and payments and others make the

remaining value added.

TABLE 19. STRUCTURE OF HOUSEHOLD VALUE ADDED IN

AGRICULTURE SECTOR, by percentage, 2015

Indicators Percentage

Gross output 100.0

Sales revenue 69.9

Products for own use 28.6

Income from other activities 1.5

Intermediate consumption 30.0

Raw materials expenditure 16.9

Electricity, thermal energy and water 0.5

Petrol, diesel fuel 5.9

Cost of services, total 6.6

Value added 70.0

Total wages 5.0

Taxes and fees 0.2

Interest payments 3.1

Mixed income 61.8



30

5. ASSESSMENT ON CURRENT METHODOLOGY OF THE

ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE ADDED IN LIVESTOCK SECTOR

122. The estimation of the gross output of agricultural industry is a main data source to

control the estimation of GDP, construction of IUT and SUT, compilation of IOT for goods

and services, and food security and supply. Therefore, more reliable and accurate calculation

of gross output and value added means better further estimation, research and analyses and

policy formulation of the sector.

123. Due to changes in the output indicators and in the composition of prices and costs of

annual surveys, NSO of Mongolia needs to determine new calculation of the indicators that

were used before and collect the data for compiling the economic accounts again. On the one

hand, it is vital to measure the yield output per agricultural product, but on the other hand, it

is important to adjust the valuation of products for price changes in order to estimate the

sectoral gross output accurately.

124. In order to improve the estimation of gross output and the value added of the

agricultural sector in line with the current circumstances and to revise the existing methods,

norms and standards, the NSO has been conducting the Survey of Yield of Livestock

Productivity, Survey of Producer Pricesfor Agricultural Production, and Survey of Costs for

Agricultural Activities on a frequent basis with the view of valuing some items such as the

prices and output of all the agricultural products and collecting the data required for

estimating them.

125. In the total agricultural production, household livestock productions amount over 90

percent of the total livestock production. However, dual estimation of households and

enterprises is still preferable to the methodology. The reason for thisis that they have a

different level of cost structure in their productions. Households have almost 70 percent of

value added, while enterprises have 30 percent of value added. Due to this production scale

diversity, it is important to keep dual estimations in agricultural production.

5.1 Change in number of livestock and domestic animals

126. Growth of livestock production should be measured by the number of livestock rather

than livestock weight since livestock weights fluctuate significantly throughout the seasons.

In estimation of change in livestock, the export of livestock is assumed to be zero due to the

small amount even though there are livestock for export. Such estimation puts livestock for

exports into livestock for slaughter, causing double counting. In order to correct this,

livestock for export should not be assumed as zero, even if it is a small amount.

127. Terminology of slaughtered livestock used in both producers and consumers side need

to be referred more to producers side even though it is expressed the same as livestock for

food in the calculation of the methodology.

128. In valuation of livestock for slaughter, only the producer price is used for both

livestock slaughtered for own use and market. Thus, livestock slaughtered for own use should

be valued by producer price, while livestock slaughtered for market should be valued by

market price, separately.

31

5.2 Livestock yields

129. Livestock production is estimated by the livestock yield approach and SUT approach.

Coefficients of yield approach are determined by the agricultural bench year survey. These

yield coefficients are used for the next 5 years estimation. Before 2010, SUT was conducted

every 5 years. After that, the SUT is compiled annually. Gross livestock production is revised

by the result of the SUT. Several changes are due to be made where there are differences in

estimations of yield approach and SUT approach in livestock. To minimize such difference in

estimations in these approaches, the compilation of goods and services that account for

livestock productions needs to be improved.

130. The Survey of Yield of Livestock Productivity and the Survey of Costs for

Agricultural Activities were carried out under the ТСР/МОN/6713 Project of the UNFAO in

1994, 1998-1999, 2005, and 2011 while the Survey of Producer Prices for Agricultural

Production was mounted in 1995, 1998, 2005, and 2011. Tables 20 and 21below show the

findings from the 2005 and 2011 Survey of Yield of Livestock Productivity.

TABLE 20. AVERAGE MILK OUTPUT OF FEMALE ANIMALS, by areas, kg

Breeding type

National

average Khangai

Mountainou

s Steppe Gobi

2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011

Local Mongol cow 411 490 534 528 476 496 354 550 281 384

Mare 213 211 209 216 269 216 191 149 185 262

Cow camel 169 143 169 163 170 117 129 74 208 218

Ewe 12 18 14 15 12 19 13 24 8 15

Nanny goat 21 29 19 24 8 35 32 23 23 32

* Numbers in the table are results of 2005 and 2011 survey results taken from the methodology

* As shown in table 20, milk output is estimated for 2005 and 2011 (every 5 years by the survey of livestock

productivity, along with other outputs). For the years in between survey years, (in this case from 2006 to

2010) changes in outputs should be allocated for each year and used in annual SUT compilation.

32

TABLE 21. AVERAGE YEARLY OUTPUTS OF WOOL, CASHMERE, MOULD

AND HAIR, by types of livestock, regions

National

average Khangai High mount Steppe Gobi

2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011 2005 2011

Camel wool 3 742 4 053 3 451 3 225 3 749 3 998 3757 4 329 4 012 4 550

Sheep wool 1 235 1 279 1161 1 230 1280 1 465 1285 1 092 1213 1 397

Cashmere 341 416 275 336 318 431 374 446 397 494

Goat hair 127 239 209 249 165 224 35 251 97 241

Big

livestockmould 216 408 218 429 236 445 215 328 195 346

Big livestock

hair 315 314 357 319 261 364 302 218 338 358

* Numbers in the table are results of 2005 and 2011 survey results taken from themethodology

* As explained in table 20, outputs are estimated for 2005 and 2011 (every 5 years by the survey of

livestock productivity, along with other output). For the years in between survey years, (in this case

from 2006 to 2010) changes in outputs should be allocated for each year and used in annual SUT

compilation.

5.2.1 Milk production

131. In the methodology, the total milk produced by household enterprises should be

estimated by multiplying the number of new born animals reared in a year by percent of

milked female animals and the norms of milk from a dam. However, one of new born twins

should be deducted from the new born animals as small cattle tend to give birth to twins. In

some high mountainous area, for instance, female camels and mare are not domesticated for

milking, while cows are also not domesticated for milking in the Gobi region. These

exceptional conditions should be considered in methodology and can be dealt with the

percentage of milked female.

132. According to 2015 estimation, the percent of milked female camels is 44 percent in

Arkhangai province/aimag, 56 percent in Bayan-Ulgii province/aimag, 67 percent in Khentii,

80 percent in Sukhbaatar, 82 percent in Selenge, 85 percent in Darkhan-Uul province/aimag,

and 100 percent in Bulgan, Zavkhan, and Tuvprovinces/aimags. Also, the percent of milked

female goats and sheep is 73 percent in Khuvsgul province/aimag; that of milked female

goats is 78 percent Uvs and Khovd provinces/aimags; that of milked mare and cows are 78

and 81 percent in Omnogovi provinces/aimag; and that of milked cows is 92 percent in

33

Dornogovi province/aimag. These figures are relatively higher than the actual figures.

Territorial peculiarities need to be closely studied.

133. Use of milk should be classified into several categories by purposes as own use and

market for household and enterprises. If milk is not sold in the market, it will be considered

as household consumption. The price of milk consumed by households shall be estimated

based on local market price. For dairy products sold in the market, the coefficient for

converting them into milk should be incorporated into the new methodology.

134. Milk yield needs to be considered since milk farms have become apparent and milk

yields of farms and household are likely to be different in annual estimation.

5.2.2 Hides and skin production

135. In the estimation of hides and skin production, hides and skins of slaughtered animals

are assumed to be fully used and total hides and skin production is estimated as such.

However, hides and skins from slaughtering in recent year are not fully used due to sharp

decline in prices.

136. In other words, percentages of use of hides and skins from slaughtering and loss are

highly correlated with value of skin in domestic market. Once value of hides and skin was

high, uses of hides and skins were higher. Oppositely, value of hides and skins are lower,

uses of hides and skins from slaughtering and losses are become lower, in extreme case

become null.

34

6. WAY FORWARD & RECOMMENDATIONS

137. For the further improvement on GVA estimation of livestock sector of Mongolia,

there are several methodological improvements and adjustments in terms of increasing the

number of indicators or livestock processed outputs produced by household in livestock

sector and updating the GVA estimation methodologies for current outputs.

138. Also, agriculture statistics can be improved by compiling the Generation of Income

Account, Entrepreneurial Income account and Capital account, suggested from EUROSTAT

the manual on the economic accounts for Agriculture and Forestry EAA/EAF97 (Rev.1.1).

139. It should be noted that the survey was based on the focused (targeted) sampling

method, which would allow us to demonstrate yields of livestock and producer prices for

certain agricultural products at the provincial and regional levels. However, the survey results

are not representative/significant enough to represent the whole picture of the participating

sub provinces/soums. The results of the surveys were compared with the results from the

previous surveys and there was no major difference or inconsistencies. This is mainly

associated with the fact that the survey methods and methodology used for the current

surveys are the same as the ones, applied to previous surveys.

140. Master sampling have to be used in livestock sample surveys.

141. Differences in SUT and Yield estimation approaches should be minimized, compiling

goods and services account for livestock productions need to be improved.

142. Livestock for export should be accounted even if it is a small amount.

143. Terminology of slaughtered livestock used in both producers and consumers side need

to be referred more to producers side even though it is expressed the same as livestock for

food in the calculation of the methodology.

144. Livestock slaughtered for own use should be valued by producer price while livestock

slaughtered for market should be valued by market price, separately.

145. The total milk, produced by household enterprises, should be estimated by

multiplying the number of new born animals reared in a year by percent of milked female

animals and the norms of milk from a dam. However, one of twin new born should be

deducted from the new born animals as small cattle tend to give a birth of twin. Territorial

peculiarities need to be closely studied.

146. Use of milk should be classified into several categories by purposes as own use and

market for household and enterprises in methodology.

147. There is need to conduct survey on post harvest and cost of production.

148. Milk yield needs to be considered since milk intensified farms are becoming more

apparent and milk yields of farms and households are likely to be different in annual

estimation. Thus, the surveys need to specify between them.

149. Raisin livestock behaviour is changing from year to year. Yield survey conducted

within 5 years. There is to have annual yield data in order to eliminate two base estimation.

150. In the hide and skin production estimation, there should be clear classification and

compilation method of loss, useable output and gross output.

151. There are number of livestock products, produced by households, estimated but not

specified in methodology as shown in end of in-depth review. These products can be included

in the methodology of GVA estimation.

35

152. In order to estimate intermediate consumption or cost of production to output need to

in account price changes of products between base years survey.

153. Special classification and valuation for racing horses in Mongolia can be considered,

if necessary.

154. There is also need to calculate food lost index and food balance sheets.

155. There is need to conduct special post harvest survey.

Recommendations

Related Actions

Legal/institutional

arrangements

Data collection Methodology

1. Assessment on

possible indicators or

processed output to be

added in Livestock

GVA estimation from

available data

Mongolian law on

statistics

Need a module in

questionnaire

unless data is

available.

Needs methodology

2.Generation of

income account,

Entrepreneurial

Income account and

Capital account for

livestock

Need a provision in

Law on statistics

Approval from NSO

chair board

Need a module in

questionnaire

unless data is

available

Needs methodology:

from EUROSTAT

the manual on the

economic accounts

for Agriculture and

Forestry

EAA/EAF97

(Rev.1.1)

3. Improve survey

sample frame and

sampling methodology

Need approval from

NSO chair board

- Needs improvement

in sampling

4. Minimize the

difference between

SUT and Yield

estimation approaches

Approval from NSO

chair board

- Compiling goods

and services account

for livestock

production

5. Account export for

livestock

Agreement with

Customs office

Approval from NSO

chair board

Data is available Needs modification

in current

methodology

6. Use slaughtered

livestock for producers

instead of livestock for

food in methodology

Approval from NSO

chair board

- Needs modification

in methodology

7. Change in

estimation

methodology of total

milk produced by

households for the

case of twin offspring

Need approval from

NSO chair board

- Needs modification

in methodology

36

6.1 Detailed plan of action

# Actions Date

1 Selection of areas that require surveys and improvement of

GVA estimation methodology and assessment on possible

data needs

Dec 2016

2 Develop methods and survey modules for GVA estimation Dec 2016

3 Compiling goods and services account of livestock sector June 2017

4 Validate administrative and other official data sources of

livestock statistics for GVA estimation

Feb2017

5 Separating the livestock for export from livestock for

slaughter in GVA estimation

March 2017

6 Creating data for milk intensive farms in yield survey 2017-2018

7 Develop and improve methodology:

- Separate the prices of own use and sale

- Separate the milk for own use and market for

household and enterprises

- modify the milk production methods by

Dec 2016

Recommendations

Related Actions

Legal/institutional

arrangements

Data collection Methodology

8. Classification of use

of milk by own use

and market for

household and

enterprises

Need approval from

NSO chair board

Need to conduct

special survey for

milk production

Add module in

yield survey

Needs to change the

estimation

methodology

9. Separate estimation

of milk yields of

household and

enterprises

Need approval from

NSO chair board

Need to conduct

special survey for

milk production

Add module in

yield survey

Needs modification

in methodology

10. Estimation of loss

in hides and skins

production

Need approval from

NSO chair

Need a module in

yield

questionnaire

Needs modification

in methodology

11. Include processed

livestock product

produced by

household in GVA

estimation

Need approval from

NSO chair

Need a module in

questionnaire

unless data is

available

Needs methodology

37

# Actions Date

deducting twin offspring

- update terms and terminologies

8 Approve and implement the new GVA estimation

methodology

April 2017

9 Generation of income account, entrepreneurial account and

capital account for agriculture sector

- Assessment

- Data sources?

- Compile Database

Nov 2017

10 Develop methodology of compilation of agricultural

economic accounts based on compilation agricultural

economic accounts

2017-2018

11 Revise backward time series based on new methodology 2018

38

REFERENCES

EC, IMF, OECD, UN & WB (2009)System of national accounts 2008. New York.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015)World programme for the

census of agriculture 2020: Volume 1, Programme, concepts and definitions,

Romehttp://faostat3.fao.org/mes/glossary/E

Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (2001)Food balance sheets: A

handbook. Rome

FAO Statistics Division (2011)Livestock statistics: Concepts, definitions and classifications

Jonathan Moss, Philip Morley, Derek Baker, Hussain Al-Moadhen, Rebecca Downie and

University of New England (2016) Improving Methods for Estimating Livestock Production

and Productivity, Literature Review,Technical Report Series GO-11-2016,Global Strategy on

Improving Agriculture & Rural Statistics.

Fred Vogel, Sarah Nusser, Ben Kiregyera, Seghir Bouzaffour, Miguel Galmes, Cristiano

Ferraz, Ray Chambers, Vijay Bhatia, Jacques Delincé, and Anders Walgreen(2015)

Agricultural Cost of Production Statistics, Guidelines for Data Collection, Compilation and

Dissemination, Technical Report Series GO-03-2014, Global Strategyon Improving

Agriculture & Rural Statistics.

Vijay Bhatia, Seghir Bouzaffour, Sainte Christine, Jacques Delince, Cristiano Ferraz, Eva

Laczka, Dag Maligal, Bakary Sacko, Michael Steiner and Zhu Zenggzuan (2016) Guidelines

for the Enumeration of Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic (Transhumant) Livestock, Global

Strategyon Improving Agriculture & Rural Statistics.

National Statistics Office of Mongolia (2013) Methodology on estimation GDP and GNI of

Mongolia.

National Statistics Office of Mongolia (2013) First agricultural census of Mongolia for 2011,

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

United Nations Statistics Division (2008) International standard industrial classification of

all economic activities Rev.4

United Nations Statistics Commission (2015) Central product classification, Version 2.1

International Livestock Research Institute, Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative and Food and

Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2011)Global livestock production systems,

Rome.

European commission and Eurostat (2000)Manual on the economic accounts for agriculture

and Forestry EAA/EAF 97 (Rev. 1.1)

http://faostat3.fao.org/mes/glossary/E

39

ANNEX 1. MAIN CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS

1. An agricultural holding is an economic unit of agricultural production under single

management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural

production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size. Single management may be

exercised by an individual or household, jointly by two or more individuals or households, by

a clan or tribe, or by a juridical person such as a corporation, cooperative or government

agency. The holding’s land may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more

separate areas or in one or more territorial or administrative divisions, providing the parcels

share the same production means, such as labour, farm buildings, machinery or draught

animals. (World programme for the census of agriculture 2020. 6.2)

2. Gross value added is strictly a production measure defined only in terms of output

and intermediate consumption. It follows that GDP is also a production measure as it is

obtained by summing the gross value added of all resident institutional units, in their

capacities as producers, and adding the values of any taxes, less subsidies, on production or

imports not already included in the values of the outputs, and value added, of resident

producers. (System of national accounts 2008. 7.21)

3. Livestock refers to all animals, birds and insects kept or reared in captivity mainly for

agricultural purposes. This includes cattle, buffaloes, horses and other equine animals,

camels, sheep, goats and pigs, as well as poultry, bees, silkworms, etc. – except aquatic

animals. Domestic animals, such as cats and dogs, are excluded unless they are being raised

for food or other agricultural purposes. (World programme for the census of agriculture 2020.

8.5.1)

4. Marketed production Production for sale. Excludes own consumption by farmers

and perhaps some post-harvest losses. Marketed production is one of the three main concepts

of production (and yield) used by countries when reporting to FAO. (FAO. 2001. Food

balance sheets. A handbook. Rome.)

5. Milk production. Production data of milk indicates the quantity of milk produced

during the year from the animals of the species to which the Supply Utilization Accounts

refer. Milk production data is reported according to the concept of net milk production: total

production of whole fresh milk, excluding the milk sucked by young animals but including

amounts fed to livestock. (FAO Statistics Division)

6. Natural deaths. Number of animals which died during the year due to natural

causes (disease, floods etc.). (FAO. 2001. Food balance sheets. A handbook.)

40

7. Nomadic livestock refers to animals kept by households with no permanent place of

residence who are forced by natural circumstances, such as scarcity of water and pastures, or

because of climatic conditions to move from place to place. The enumeration of such

holdings presents special problems. (FAO. 1996. Conducting agricultural censuses and

surveys. FAO Statistical Development Series, No. 6).

8. Processed livestock products from live animals. These are derived from primary

livestock products from live animals, particularly dairy products, such as butter, cheese, and

dried eggs. Production data refer only to primary products while data for all other elements

also include processed products derived there from, expressed in primary commodity

equivalent. (FAO. 2001. Food balance sheets. A handbook.)

9. Processed livestock products from slaughtered animals. Derived from the

processing of primary livestock products from slaughtered animals and include bacon, ham,

sausages, canned meat, lard and tallow. Production data refer only to primary products while

data for all other elements also include processed products derived there from, expressed in

primary commodity equivalent. (FAO. 2001. Food balance sheets. A handbook.)

10. Producer price index (PPI). The PPI measures the average change over time in the

selling prices received by domestic producers for their output of a commodity. (FAO

Statistics Division)

11. Producer prices. Producer prices are prices received by farmers for primary

agricultural products as defined in the SNA 93. The producer's price is the amount receivable

by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus

any VAT, or similar deductible tax, invoiced to the purchaser. It excludes any transport

charges invoiced separately by the producer. Time series refer to the national average prices

of individual commodities comprising all grades, kinds and varieties, received by farmers

when they participate in their capacity as sellers of their own products at the farm gate or

first-point-of-sale. (FAO Statistics Division)

12. Production. Figures relate to the total domestic production whether inside or

outside the agricultural sector, i.e. it includes non-commercial production and production

from kitchen gardens. Unless otherwise indicated, production is reported at the farm level for

crop and livestock products (i.e. in the case of crops, excluding harvesting losses) and in

terms of live weight for fish items (i.e. the actual ex-water weight at the time of the catch).

All data shown relate to total meat production from both commercial and farm slaughter.

Data are expressed in terms of dressed carcass weight, excluding offal and slaughter fats.

Production of beef and buffalo meat includes veal; mutton and goat meat includes meat from

41

lambs and kids; pig meat includes bacon and ham in fresh equivalent. Poultry meat includes

meat from all domestic birds and refers, wherever possible, to ready-to-cook weight. (FAO

Statistics Division)

13. Production - Livestock primary. Livestock primary products include products

from live and slaughtered animals. Products from slaughtered animals include meat, offals,

raw fats, fresh hides and skins. Products from live animals include milk, eggs, honey,

beeswax and fibres of animal origin. All data shown relate to total meat production from both

commercial and farm slaughter. Data are given in terms of dressed carcass weight, i.e.

excluding offals and slaughter fats. Production of beef and buffalo meat includes veal; mutton

and goat meat includes meat from lambs and kids, respectively; pig meat includes bacon and

ham in fresh equivalent. Poultry meat includes meat from all domestic birds and refers,

wherever possible, to ready-to-cook weight. Cow milk production relates to total production

of whole fresh milk, excluding the milk sucked by young animals but including amounts fed

to livestock. The concept of production of buffalo, sheep and goat milk is the same as for cow

milk; however, the coverage is probably less adequate. Egg production covers all domestic

birds which have contributed to egg production during the year, wherever they lay and the

corresponding total production, including eggs intended to be used for hatching but excluding

waste on farms. (FAO Statistics Division).

Form YLP-1

CHAPTER I - GENERAL INFORMATION

1.Aimag, Capital city 8. Information of household

2.Soum, district Selected households surveyed 1 Chapter I

3.Bag, khoroo Reserved households surveyed 2

4. Name of household head Survey failed 3

5. Registration number of household head 9. The reason of not surveyed household

6.Household ID Refused 1

7. Group number Code Impossible 2

Others (write) 3

Date of starting 10. Assessment of the survey (√)

Date of ending Good Medium Bad

May

Signature of household head June

July

Address August

September

October

November

42

Y M D

Code

SAMPLING SURVEY OF

YIELD OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY

Approved by Chairman of NSO of Mongolia

The information confidentiality is kept under Law on Personal Confidentiality of Mongolia and Para 3 article 22 of Law of Statistics of Mongolia.

Wish you all the best for you and your family

Chapter I. YIELD OF MILK

1.1.1. How many month in a year do you milk your cows?

1.1.2. What kind of cow breed will include in survey?

1.1.3. Cows with calves, by May 1.1.5. Cows with calves, by July

1.1.4. Yield information of cow's milk, by May: 1.1.6. Yield information of cow's milk, by July:

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

43

1.1 Yield of cow's milk

1. Thoroughbred 2. Yak 3. Yak-cow hybrid 4. Freshbred 5. Crossbred

№ №Month, day Month, day

6=4:5

Milked, literPer head,

literMorning Afternoon Total

Milked

animals

Milked

animals Morning Afternoon Total

Milked, literPer head,

liter

1.1.7. Cows with calves, by September 1.1.9. Cows with calves, by November

1.1.8. Yield information of cow's milk, by September: 1.1.10. Yield information of cow's milk, by November:

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

44

Per head,

liter

6=4:5

№ Month, day №

Milked, literMilked, literPer head,

liter

1.1 Yield of cow's milk

Month, dayMilked


Milked


1.2.1. How many month in a year do you milk your camels?

1.2.2. Camels with calves, by May 1.2.4. Camels with calves, by July

1.2.3. Yield information of camel milk, by May: 1.2.5. Yield information of camel milk, by July:

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

45

1.2 Yield of female camel milk

6=4:5

№ Month, day № Month, dayPer head,

liter

Per head,

liter

Milked, literMilked


Milked


Milked, liter

1.2.6. Camels with calves, by September 1.2.8. Camels with calves, by November

1.2.7. Yield information of camel milk, by September 1.2.9. Yield information of camel milk, by November

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

46

Per head,

liter

6=4:5

№ Month, day № Month, day

Milked, liter Milked, liter

1.2 Yield of female camel milk

Per head,

liter

Milked


Milked


1.3.1. How many month in a year do you milk your mares?

1.3.2. Mares with foals, by August 1.3.4. Mares with foals, by September

1.3.3. Yield information of mare milk, by August 1.3.5. Yield information of mare milk, by September

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

47

1.3 Yield of mare milk

Per head,

liter

6=4:5

№ Month, day № Month, dayPer head,


Milked, literMilked

animals AfternoonMorning Total

Milked

animals

Milked, liter

1.4.1. How many month in a year do you milk your ewe?

1.4.2. Ewe with lambs, by June 1.4.4. Ewe with lambs, by July

1.4.3. Yield information of ewe milk, by June 1.4.5. Yield information of ewe milk, by July

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

48

1.4 Yield of ewe milk

№ Month, day №Total

Milked

animals

Per head,

literMonth, day

Milked, literMilked

animals

Per head,

liter

6=4:5

AfternoonMorning

Milked, liter

Afternoon TotalMorning

1.5.1. How many month in a year do you milk your female goat?

1.5.2. Female goats with kids, by June 1.5.4. Female goats with kids, by July

1.5.3. Yield information of female goat milk, by June 1.5.5. Yield information of female goat milk, by July

А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 А 1 2 3 4=2+3 5 6=4:5

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

8 8

9 9

10 10

11 11

12 12

13 13

14 14

15 15

49

1.5 Yield of female goat milk

6=4:5

Per head,

liter№ Month, day №

Morning Afternoon Total

Per head,


Milked

animals Month, day

Milked, literMilked

animals

Milked, liter

CHAPTER II. YIELD OF WOOL, CASHMERE, MOULT, HAIR

2.1 Shearing of camel wool

1 2 6 7=3+6 8=7:(2+5)

Young (yound camel, тором)

Adult

Total

2.2 Shearing of sheep wool 2.3 Shearing of cashmere and goat hair

1 2 3 4=3:2 А 1 2 3 4=3:2

Long wool Cashmere

Lamb wool Hair

2.4 Shearing of horse moult and hair 2.5 Shearing of cattle moult and hair

1 2 3 4=3:2 А 1 2 3 4=3:2

Moult Moult

Hair Hair

Yak moult and hair

Moult

Hair

50

Total

wool, kg

Total

moult and

hair, kg

Wool, male,

kg

3

Number

of goat

Month, day

Month, day

Number of camelMonth, day

А

А

4А

Month, day

Month, dayNumber of

horse

5

Per head, gWool,

female,

kg

Number of

camel

Number

of cattle

Total moult

and hair, kg

Number of

sheepTotal wool, kg

Per head,

g

Month, day

Per head, g

Total

cashmere

and hair,

Per head,

gPer head, g

Form ХААТС-1.1а

Approved by National Statistical Office The information confidentiality is kept under Law on Personal

Confidentiality of Mongolia and Para 3 article 22 of Law of Statistics of Mongolia.

Number NumberValue

(thous.tog)Number

Value

(thous.tog)

B 1 7 8 9 10

1

adult 2

young 3

newborn 4

5

adult 6

young 7

newborn 8

9

meat, kg 10

milk, liter 11

wool, kg 12 х х х

cashmere, kg 13 х х х

mould, kg 14 х х х х

hair, kg 15 х х х х

skin, ш 16

losses of animals 17

skin of newborn, ш 18

skin of karakul, ш 19 х х х

20

21

The name of household head /................................................../

The name of the reseracher /................................................../

51

20 ... year ... month … day

х

х х

х

х х х

Seal

Prepared dung, t

Prepared manure, t

х

х х

х

х х х х х

х

Sale stock and product

Number of purchased

animals

Number of sold animals

A 2 3 4 5 6

Camel Sheep Goat

Value

(thous.tog)Number

Value

(thous.tog)Number

Value

(thous.tog)

Phone

II. Basic imformation

Row

Horse Cattle

Location

Aimag, capital city

Soum, district

Bag, khoroo

SURVEY ON PRODUSER PRICES FOR ESTIMATION OF

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION OF HOUSEHOLD, 2015 year … month

I. Address

Household ID

Registration number of household head

Name of household head

CodeName

Form ХААТС-1.1б



Number NumberValue

(thous.tog)Number

Value

(thous.tog)

B 1 7 8 9 10

1

adult 2

young 3

newborn 4

5

adult 6

young 7

newborn 8

9

meat, kg 10

milk, liter 11

wool, kg 12 х х х

cashmere, kg 13 х х х

mould, kg 14 х х х х

hair, kg 15 х х х х

skin, ш 16

losses of animals 17

skin of newborn, ш 18

skin of karakul, ш 19 х х х

20

21

Economist and accountant /................................................../


х

х

х

х


х х х

х

Seal

Value

(thous.tog)Number

Value

(thous.tog)Number

Camel Sheep Goat

Value

(thous.tog)

6

Prepared dung, t

Prepared manure, t

х

х х х х

х

х

Sale stock and product

х х

Number of purchased

animals

Number of sold animals

A 2 3 4 5

Row

Horse Cattle

Location Name Code

Aimag, capital city

Soum, district

I. Address

Name of enterprise

Registration number of enterprise

Main activity


LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION OF ENTERPRISE, 2015 year … month

Bag, khoroo

Phone


Form ХААТС-1.3а



Volume Volume Value

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)

B 1 7 8 9 10

1

Wheat 2

Barley 3

Oats 4

Rye 5

Panic grass 6

Buckwheat 7

Other 8

9

10

Cabbage 11

Carrot 12

Ruth abage 13

Beetroot 14

Onion 15

Garlic 16

Cucumber 17

Tomato 18

Watermelon 19

Rock melon 20

Pumpkin 21

Hot pepper 22

Other 23

24

Soiling food 25

Perennial plant 26

Silage plant 27

Maize corn 28

Other 29

30

Sugar beet 31

Raps 32

Sunflower 33

Other 34

35

Buckthorn 36

Currants 37

Apple 38

Blackberry 39

Strawberry 40

Other 41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

The name of household head /................................................../


Hay harvest, t

Seal


Other, kg х х

Medicinal herbs, kg х х

х х

Mineral fodder, kg х х

Hand made fodder, kg х х

х

Straw, kg х

х х

х х

х х

х

х

Silage crop, kg

Fruits, kg

х х

х х

х х

Technical crops , kg

х х

х х

х

х х

х х

х

Fodder crops, kg

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х

х х

х х

х

х х

Vagetables, kg

Potatoes, t

Cereals, t

A 2 3 4 5 6

Used as seed Reserve Wage and salary

Value

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)

Phone


Row

Sale Own use

Location

Aimag, capital city

Soum, district

Bag, khoroo


CROP PRODUCTION OF HOUSEHOLD, 2015 year … month

I. Address

Household ID

Registration number of household head

Name of household head

Name Code

Form ХААТС-1.3б



Volume VolumeValue

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)

B 1 7 8 9 10

1

Wheat 2

Barley 3

Oats 4

Rye 5

Panic grass 6

Buckwheat 7

Other 8

9

10

Cabbage 11

Carrot 12

Ruth abage 13

Beetroot 14

Onion 15

Garlic 16

Cucumber 17

Tomato 18

Watermelon 19

Rock melon 20

Pumpkin 21

Hot pepper 22

Other 23

24

Soiling food 25

Perennial plant 26

Silage plant 27

Maize corn 28

Other 29

30

Sugar beet 31

Raps 32

Sunflower 33

Other 34

35

Buckthorn 36

Currants 37

Apple 38

Blackberry 39

Strawberry 40

Other 41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

Economist and accountant /................................................../


54


Hay harvest, t

Seal

Other, kg х х

Medicinal herbs, kg х х

х х

Mineral fodder, kg х х

Hand made fodder, kg х х

х

Straw, kg х

х х

х х

х х

х

х

Silage crop, kg

Fruits, kg

х х

х х

х х

Technical crops , t

х х

х х

х

х х

х х

х

Fodder crops, t

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х х

х

х х

х х

х

х х

Vagetables, kg

Potatoes, t

Cereals, t

A 2 3 4 5 6

Used as seed Reserve Wage and salary

Value

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)Volume

Value

(thous.tog)

Bag, khoroo

Phone


Row

Sale Own use


CROP PRODUCTION OF ENTERPRISE, 2015 year … month

Name of enterprise

Location Name Code

Aimag, capital city

Soum, district

I. Address

Registration number of enterprise

Main activity

Approved by National Statistical Office

4. Household ID

5. Registration number of household head

6. Name of household head

7. Phone

8. Main activity .....................................................................................................

II. BASIC IMFORMATION

№

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.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

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.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

4.

5.

.

.

.

Soap, detergents, cosmetics and perfumery

Animal drugs and laxatives

Other pharmaceutical products

3 Medicines and other pharmaceuticals

2.22

.................................................................................

2.2.1 Did you have expenditure in relative to livestock?

cereal, wastage of the used cereal

Fodder crop

2 Fuel

Coal

1

2

2.2 EXPENDITURE (thous.tog)

1

6

Hay harvest

4 Did you earn the revenue from other products

except livestock?1

No..........................................................................

Question

Livestock

Form ХААТС-2а

COST AND EXPENDITURES OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, 2015

I.ADDRESS

Location Code

ISIC-4.0

1. Aimag, Capital city

2. Soum, district

3. Bag, khoroo

2.1 INCOME (thous.tog)

Answer Step

Other animal products

3 How much products did you spend as own

consumption? /Price of used livestock products

have to be value at market prices /

Yes........................................................................

Milk

Dairy produce

How much did you earn when sold out livestock

products?

Dairy produce

Meat

Skin

Wool, cashmere

Milk

Yes........................................................................2 Did use livestock products for own consumption?

No..........................................................................

Other feed

Compound feeds and protein concentrates

Fuel wood

Manure and dung

Spare parts Spare parts of machinery

Spare parts of equipment

Other spare parts

Product packaging and parcel

55

Name

5 Please complete in type of income amount

except livestock

.................................................................................

.................................................................................

4

1

Livestock

Meat

Skin

Wool, cashmere

Other animal products

The information confidentiality is kept under Law on Personal Confidentiality of Mongolia and Para 3 article 22 of Law of Sta tistics of Mongolia.

.

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8.

9.

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.

11.

12.

13.

14

.

15

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16

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18

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20

.

.

.

.

.

.

26.

.

.

.

Signature of household head …………………………………...………………..

Seal The name of the reseracher

(Signature) …………………...……………………………..


56

19 Did you take loan relative to livestock? Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2

Repair services of building and structure

7 Operating costs Electrical energy

1

2 19

21

2

1

21 Did you pay the insurance? Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2

22

25

1

2No..........................................................................

27

23

.................................................................................

27 If you have other costs not else were classified

Social and health insurance premiums

Taxes and fees

.................................................................................

Rental of building and structure

Rental of machinery and equipment

25 Did you pay taxes and fees relative to livestock? Yes........................................................................

No..........................................................................

24

23

Livestock insuranceInsurance cost

Other insurance

.................................................................................

Rental cost

Rental of animals

Did you pay rental? Yes........................................................................

Interest payments

Bank Charges, Financial Brokerage Fees

Petrol, Diesel fuel

Veterinary services

Thermal energy and hot water

Water

Transportation expenses

10 Repair services

Repair services of machinery and equipment

Other repair services

Postal and courier services

17 Did you served in banks and financial

institutions?Yes........................................................................

No..........................................................................

Wage of herder and temporary

Other benefits in in cash or kind

Internet cost

Approved by National Statistical Office

4. Household ID

5. Registration number of household head

6. Name of household head

7. Phone

8. Main activity .....................................................................................................

II. BASIC IMFORMATION

№

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

4

2.2

2.2.1 Did you expenditure relative to crop?

No.......................................................................... 2

......................................................................5 Please complete in type of income amount

except crop......................................................................

......................................................................

Technical crops

Pickle

4 Did you earn the revenue from other products

except crop?Yes........................................................................ 1

3 Seed (wheat, potato, vegatable)

Cereals

Mineral fertilizer

Pesticide

Biopreparation

Herbicidal

Insecticide

Fungicide

Rodenticides

57

Seed of cereals

seed of vagetables

Seed of potatoes

3

2 Did use livestock products for own consumption? Yes........................................................................ 1

How much products did you spend as own use?

/Price of used livestock products have to be

value at market prices/

Hay harvest

Potatoes

Vagetables

Fodder crops

No.......................................................................... 2

Vagetables

Fodder crops

Technical crops

Hay harvest

2.1 INCOME (thous.tog)

1 How much did you earn when sold out crop

products?Seed (wheat, potato, vegatable)

Cereals

Potatoes

Pickle

Other

Question Answer Step

1. Aimag, capital city

2. Soum, district

ISIC-4.0

Form ХААТС-2б

COST AND EXPENDITURES OF CROP PRODUCTION, 2015

I.ADDRESS

Location Name Code

3. Bag, khoroo

2.2 EXPENDITURE (thous.tog)

Other seed

2 fertilizer Organic fertilizer

1 Seed

The information confidentiality is kept under Law on Personal Confidentiality of Mongolia and Para 3 article 22 of Law of Statistics of Mongolia.

.

.

.

5.

6.

.

.

.

.

.

.

9

.

10.

.

.

.

12.

13.

14

.

15

.

16

.

18

.

20

.

.

.

.

.

26.

.

.

.

Signature of household head …………………………………...………………..


(Signature) …………………...……………………………..


58

27

19

25 Did you pay taxes and fees relative to crop? Yes........................................................................

No..........................................................................

Petrol, Diesel fuel

Transportation expenses

2

Bank Charges, Financial Brokerage Fees

1

Other benefits in in cash or kind

Social and health insurance premiums

Wage of herder and temporary

Ургацын даатгал

24 Rental cost Rental of building and structure

Rental of machinery and equipment

23

25

22 Insurance cost

Бусад даатгал

21 Did you pay the insurance? Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2

Taxes and fees

27 If you have other costs not else were classified..................................................................................

..................................................................................

..................................................................................

Interest payments

19 Did you take loan relative to crop? Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2 21

17 Did you served in banks and financial

institutions?Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2

Postal and courier services

Internet cost

11 Repair services Repair services of building and structure

Repair services of machinery and equipment

Other repair services

8 Operating costs Electrical energy

Thermal energy and hot water

Water

7 Spare parts Spare parts of machinery

Spare parts of equipment

Other spare parts

Soap, detergents, cosmetics and perfumery

Product packaging and parcel

Coal

Fuel4

23 Did you pay rental? Yes........................................................................ 1

No.......................................................................... 2

Fuel wood

Manure and dung

ANNEX 8.

Óëñûí òàéëàí ìàÿãò ÕÀÀ-10 Form XAATC-2a

A. ADDRESS

1. Aimag, Capital Code 4. Name of household head

2. Soum, district Code 5. Registration number of household head

3. Bag, khoroo Code 6. Household ID

7. Main activity 1 Livestock 2 Crop

B. Basic information thous.tug

Signature of household head ……..…………...………………..


(Signature) …………………...……………………………..


59

3

Type of income and cost Row Amount

Operating income 1

Operating cost row2=row(3+31) 2

Mineral fodder 6

Silage crops

11

10

A

Fodder crops

B

Spare parts of fense, wells and repair services

Medicines and other pharmaceuticals

Fertilizer

Seed

9

Handmade fodder

Straw

2

Other 7

4

13

22

14

Wage (volume)

Wage (value)

Water

21

17

Raw materials

16

12

8

Pesticide

5

23

Electrical energy

Petrol, Diesel fuel

Fuel wood, manure and dung

Livestock insurance

Grusing fees

18

19

20

Rental cost

Transportation and courier

15

COST AND EXPENDITURES OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

Interest payments 25

1

Social and health insurance premiums 24

¯íäýñíèé ñòàòèñòèêèéí õîðîîíû äàðãûí20... îíû ....-ð ñàðûí ...-íèé ºäðèéí .....òîîò òóøààëààð áàòëàâ.

Ìýäýýëëèéí íóóöûã "Ñòàòèñòèêèéí òóõàé"Ìîíãîë Óëñûí õóóëèéí 22 äóãààð ç¿éëèéí 3äóãààð çààëòûí äàãóó õàäãàëíà.

Approved by National Statistical Office The information confidentiality is kept under Law onPersonal Confidentiality of Mongolia and Para 3article 22 of Law of Statistics of Mongolia.

Documents

FINAL ASSESSMENT REPORT IN-DEPTH REVIEW ON THE CURRENT GVA … · 2 days ago · Added (GVA) estimation methods of total production in the Mongolian livestock sector with accordance