PROJECT REPORT

TITLE OF THE PROJECT/TRAINING

Submitted by

Rajan khera

Roll No : 21001014

(Name of Faculty Coordinator Name of Industry Coordinator

with Designation) with Designation)

*who will take your viva in college

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SECTION

YADAVINDRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUNJABI UNIVERSITY GURU KASHI CAMPUS-TALWANDI SABO

MAY 2014

ACKNOWLEGDEMENT

It is with pleasure that I find myself penning down these lines express our sincere thanks to varoius people to help us along the way in completing this work.

I must express my deepest appreciation to Mr. Narvijay singh Thakur, my project guide who really provide me with the knowledge and required information for this project.

I am also helpful to my parents who help me in doing this project .

Any accomplisment require the effort of many people and this Work is not different.I thank my friends whose diligent effort made this project possible.

I want to thank my trainer for giving me this project and helping me this project and for guiding me in doing this project. Any project like this needs source of information and for this project source was “PHP” and internet.

I wish to express my gratitude to those who may have contributed to this work, even though anonymously.

I would also like to thank my trainng incharge, who gave me this oppurtunity to make the project “AVANT GARDE DIGITAL SERVICES on job seeker” in CORE PHP.

I THANK THEM ALL WHO ENCOURAGED ME TO START THIS PROJECT.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SNO. CONTENTS Page No.

1. Organization Profile

2. Introduction to PHP +MySQL

3. Introduction of Search Engine

4. Project Overview

5. Hardware And Software Requirement

6. Project Planning

7. Feasibility Study

8. System Analysis

9. SDLC

10. Design Phase

11. Screenshot

12. Testing

13. Implementation And Maintenance

14. Coding

15. Bibliography And Web References

ORGANISATION PROFILE

Let me take this opportunity to highlight my company’s core value i.e. to accelerate your career in making you “Job Ready” by providing you quality training in high end computer technologies, with globally recognized certification programmers.

Let me highlight at least 10 reasons for you to join SLR EDGE:-

1) Slr- our company is on the panel of CII.

2) Globally recognized certification programmes.

3) IS0 9001:2008 certified company.

4) We have marked our presence in 23 countries.

5) Global IT software vendors to make you a certified specialist.

6) Backed by 9 years of software development experience.

7) Training mentors with global IT certifications.

8) Specialized labs equipped as per the IT industry requirements.

9) Standardized content of the programmes.

10) Our elite client list includes IT giants like Infosys, Wipro, and Tcs & Many More.

At the end, accept our thanks again on making the workshop on “Emerging Trends” in IT industries a huge success. Please feel free to contact Training Head – Mr.Narvijay singh Thakur. For any query, question or suggestion. I also extend an invitation to you to visit Avant garde digital services pvt. Ltd MOHALI.

INRODUCTION TO PHP

PHP is a widely-used general-purpose server-side scripting language that can be embedded into HTML. You can think of it as a "plug-in" for your Web server that will allow it to do more than just send plain Web pages when browsers request them. With PHP installed, your Web server will be able to read a new kind of file (called a PHP script) that can do things like retrieve up-to-the-minute information from a database and insert it into a Web page before sending it to the browser that requested it. PHP is completely free to download and use. PHP is a server-side, cross-platform, HTML-embedded scripting language. Currently there are over half a million domains running PHP and it is freely available for download online from www.php.net. Much of PHP’s syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly. PHP eliminates the need for numerous small cgi programs by allowing you to place simple scripts directly in your HTML files. It also makes it easier to manage large web sites by placing all components of a web page in a single html file.

For example, if you are creating an online catalog, you will most likely have a design template for all related catalog pages. Traditionally, this design is generated by hand in HTML and different data is presented within the template design. With PHP, one application can be used to generate all the pages required to display items from a database in the proper pages, in the right locations, and with the appropriate related content. This eliminates redundant page generation, simplifying maintenance. PHP also reduces the site down to a handful of template pages, with scripts that generate the rest of the site.

If you are a content developer, you probably won’t want to learn PHP scripting by heart. But, it

is nice to know how PHP can help you create more powerful web applications and user-friendly

designs.

FEATURES OF PHP:-

PHP is a open source language,because PHP is freely downloaded from the internet. No license is required for PHP language. Our copyright is updated. PHP is run on all the operating Systems like LINUX , UNIX, SUNSOLARIS,

MICROSOFT, DOS, etc. So it is a platform independent. PHP is a light weight language. PHP is compatable with all databases like SQL, MYSQL, ORACLE, SYBASE etc.

PHP5 has made a lot of improvements as regarding OOPS is concerned. Although it has not been up to the mark with the likes of Java, .NET and C++.

PHP5 has improved support for OOPS when compared to PHP4. The 4 pillars of OOPS are fully supported by PHP5 i.e. Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism and Abstraction.

PHP5 offers Exception handling mechanism that was missing in its earlier version. You no longer have to write your own logic to return different type of values from one function to another in case of errors. You can now surround your code by try..catch blocks and write necessary logic inside your functions and raise an Exception. You can also extend from the existing Exception class to create your own Exception class.

New features :-

PHP 5.3.0 offers a wide range of new features:

Support for namespaces has been added. Support for Late Static Bindings has been added.

Support for jump labels (limited goto) has been added

 Constants can now be declared outside a class using the const keyword.

The ternary operator now has a shorthand form: ?:.

The HTTP stream wrapper now considers all status codes from 200 to 399 to be successful.

Dynamic access to static methods is now possible.

Exceptions  can now be nested.

A garbage collector for circular references has been added, and is enabled by default.

Benefits of using PHP :-

There are various benefits of using php language some benefits are as follow:-

1) Performance: The performance increase depends on a lot of factors, includingthe way an application is built, but in most cases, you will notice significant gains.A key factor in the performance jump is the Zend Engine 2, the heart of the PHP language.

Object handling has been almost completely rewritten to transform it from what was basicallya wrapper for associative arrays in PHP4 to a true object model. Object-oriented codein particular will perform faster in PHP5 as a result.

2) Maintainability: There are several features in PHP 5.1 that improve the maintainability of applications. These include the new object model mentioned above which supports features such as abstract classes, interfaces, and encapsulation (private and protected methods and properties). This paper will not dive into the technical details of these features since other sources provide excellent examples of the new functionality.

The important thing to note is that these features make it easier to apply software architecture to a PHP application. In other words, it becomes easier to write properly structured, high-quality code. The code base will be cleaner ,easier to read, and consequently simpler to maintain.

3) Robustness: A new mechanism for error handling was added in PHP5. In PHP4, there was no dedicated mechanism for error handling at all.

Programmers had to use regular language constructs such as if-statements to check for errors and use special return values to tell a calling method that something went wrong during the execution of a function.

PHP5 also supports exception handling. Exception handling makes it possible to create what is known as a try block to execute a piece of code that might contain an error and implement a catch that is called whenever something actually does go wrong.

This makes it easier to separate the ‘what should happen in the case of an error’ code from the regular application business logic.

This approach leads to cleaner applications, which in turn improves developer productivity and application robustness.

MYSQL:-

MySQL is a relational database management system, or RDBMS. It has become the world's most popular open source database because of its consistent fast performance, high reliability and ease of use. PHP has MySQL extension which makes it really easy to access data in MySQL.

MySQL is a database.The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables. A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows. Both PHP and MySQL support various platforms, including Windows.

Benefits of using MySql:-

Security:-

These two database systems are pretty much deadlocked in regards to security. Both come with adequate security mechanisms by default, bearing you follow the directions and keep the software updated with security patches. Both operate over known IP ports which unfortunately attracts a wealth of intruders, a downside that can be attributed to both products. The good thing is that MySQL and MS SQL allow you to change ports just in case the default becomes too vulnerable.

Recovery :-

As far as recovery goes, the SQL Server has a definite advantage over MySQL, which tends to fall a little short with its MyISAM configuration. A UPS system is mandatory with MyISAM as it assumes uninterrupted operation. If a power outage should occur, it could result in the corruption and loss of critical data.

Used server:-

For A Windows Box: WAMP server is used.

WAMPs are packages of independently-created programs installed on computers that use a Microsoft Windows operating system .

WAMP is an acronym formed from the initials of the operating system Microsoft Windows and the principal components of the package: Apache, MySQL and one of PHP, Perl or Python.

Apache is a web server. MySQL is an open-source database. PHP is a scripting language that can manipulate information held in a database and generate web pages dynamically each time content is requested by a browser.

Other programs may also be included in a package, such as phpMyAdmin which provides a graphical user interface for the MySQL database manager, or the alternative scripting languages Python or Perl.

For A Linux Box: LAMP server is used.

LAMP is an acronym for a solution stack of free, open source software, originally coined from the first letters of Linux (operating system), ApacheHTTPServer, MySQL (database software) and Perl/PHP/Python, principal components to build a viable general purpose web server.

The exact combination of software included in a LAMP package may vary, especially with respect to the web scripting software, as PHP may be replaced or supplemented by Perl and/or Python. 

Similar terms exist for essentially the same software suite

(AMP) running on other operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows (WAMP), Mac OS (MAMP), Solaris(SAMP), or OpenBSD (OAMP).

When used together, they form a solution stack of technologies that support application servers.

INTRODUCTION OF TENDER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Tender Management System is a secure online electronic tendering and online procurement management system that permits teams to compile online tender documentation, pre-qualify, invite and receive closed bids with messaging, audit trails and worldwide 24×7 access using new web 2.0 technologies.

Online tenders are published as digitally sealed bids into an online safe deposit box. They can only be accessed by specified representatives on the pre-determined tender closing date.The user friendly system beautifully mimics the traditional tendering process.  It is logical and intuitive and ensures even suppliers with no knowledge of any project tendering online are able to respond easily.

Electronic tendering systems reduce tender periods to days rather than weeks, providing significant improvements to current non-automated working practices. It is revolutionising procurement and is likely to pave the way towards a change in contractual legislation, reducing errors, waste, time, risk and costs.

Features & Benefits

Online tender management systems are common to industries such as the construction industry, however two recent surveys of UK small and medium sized businesses both found that more than 50% of businesses plan to be using software-as-a-service sometimes referred to as cloud computing by the end of this year.Cloud based electronic tendering is the way forward, eTenderer is the solution.

Why choose eTenderer? Transparent low pricing Best payment terms

RICS compliant

Audit trails

COST SAVING Reduce Admin, Lower tendering

FAST Less reworking, faster return, automatic reports

SECURE 128 bit encryption and audit trail

QUALITY Standardised process. Reduce risk and error

SIMPLE Multi-tier administration. Messaging centre addendum

Available 24 x 7

Benefits of using eTendererCOST SAVINGS

Efficient standardised simple process Reduces administrative burden

Unlimited Tenderers wider reach greater competition

Better matching of suppliers

Reduces errors and risk

Less tender reworking

FAST RETURNS Quicker tender preparation Quicker tender return

Easy tender reporting

SECURE AND CONFIDENTIAL Structured access Multi-tier administration access

RICS eTendering compliance

QUALITY OF INFORMATION Defined procedures to ensure compliance Messaging centre to clarify anomalies

Addendum notifications

Prevents tampering

PRE-QUALIFY Define suppliers accurately Match requirements better

Obtain referrals

SIMPLIFY THE PROCESS Standard way of working Hierarchy of administration

Functional Requirements / System features:

Following are the identified functional requirements of the Search Engine:

Processor:- Pentium III 550 MHz

RAM:- 256 MB or more

Operating System:- Windows 2000 Server, Windows XP , Microsoft DOS

Web Browser :- Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox.

Hard Disk space:- 20 MB

Hardware Requirements :-

Main Memory :-

It is often referred to simply as memory, is the only one directly accessible to the CPU

Requirement :- 512 Mega Bytes or more.

Processor :- Intel Pentium4 or higher.

Software Requirements:-

Front- end Tools :-

1. PHP

2. HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language)

3. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).

4. Java Script

Back- end Tools :-

My Sql

Other Software :-

1.Wamp Server(For Windows)

PROJECT PLANNING

Planning of this project will include the following things:

Topic Understanding.

Modular Break –Up Of The System.

Processor Logic For Each Module.

Database Requirements.

Topic Understanding:

It is vital that the field of application as introduced in the project may be totally a new field. I

carefully went through the project to identify the requirements of the project.

Modular Break –Up Of The System:

Identify The Various Modules In The System.

List Them In The Right Hierarchy.

Identify Their Priority Of Development.

FEASIBILITY STUDY

A feasibility study is carried out to select the best system that meets performance

requirements.

Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing. The process followed

in making this determination is called a feasibility study. This type of study determines if a

project can and should be taken.

Since the feasibility study may lead to the commitment of large resources, it becomes necessary

that it should be conducted competently and that no fundamental errors of judgment are made.

Depending on the results of the initial investigation, the survey is expanded to a more

detailed feasibility study. Feasibility study is a test of system proposal according to its

workability, impact on the organization, ability to meet user needs, and effective use of

resources.

The objective of the feasibility study is not to solve the problem but to acquire a sense

of its scope . During the study, the problem definition is crystallized and aspects of the

problem to be included in the system are determined.

Consequently, costs and benefits are described with greater accuracy at this stage.

It consists of the following:

1. Statement of the problem: A carefully worded statement of the problem that led to

analysis.

2. Summary of finding and recommendations: A list of the major findings and

recommendations of the study. It is ideal for the user who requires quick access to the

results of the analysis of the system under study. Conclusion are stated , followed by

a list of the recommendation and a justification for them .

3. Details of findings : An outline of the methods and procedures under-taken by the

existing system, followed by coverage of the objectives and procedures of the candidate

system. Included are also discussions of output reports, file structures, and costs and

benefits of the candidate system.

4. Recommendations and conclusions: Specific recommendations regarding the candidate

system, including personnel assignments, costs, project schedules, and target dates.

Three key considerations are involved in the feasibility analysis these are:

1.Economic Feasibility

2.Technical Feasibility

3.Behavioral Feasibility

COST AND BENEFITS

Hardware Costs:

The hardware cost for the proposed system can be calculated from cost of hardware needed for

the development of the proposed system. The hardware specifications for the system are given

below:

Personal Computer:

The cost of the PC depends upon the configuration of the PC. The minimum specification

assumed for the Pc is given below:

• Pentium IV processor

• 128 MB RAM

• 40 GB free disk space

• MS Windows

• Any compatible printer

Server:

As the software is a client-server based application, thus an efficient server would act as the

backbone of a good communication system. The minimum specifications are:

• Pentium IV processor

• 256 MB RAM

• 120 GB free disk space

• MS Windows

Software Costs:

The Software costs for the proposed system can be calculated from the cost of software tools

needed from the development of the proposed system.

ANALYSIS

System Analysis

An Overview to system analysis:

The system analysis phase is considered to be one of the most important phases in the

system development life cycle. It is immensely important that the software developer

make through study of the existing system.

Thorough study of the system is made and need i.e. features that are critical to system

success and users wants (i.e. features that would be good but not essential) are brought

out. The study will enable the developer to know the intricacies of the existing system.

Requirement analysis is done in order to understand the problem which the S/W system

is to solve e.g. the problem could be automating the existing manual system or

developing a completely new automated system or a combination of the two.

For large systems having a large number of features and the need to perform many

different tasks, understanding the requirement of the system is a major task. The

emphasis in requirement analysis is on identifying what is needed from the system, and

not how the system achieves its goal.

The main objective behind any business organization is to maximize its profit besides

maintaining quality and strategic norms. This can be achieved by improving the

efficiency of the system by providing more facilities using automation, by adopting

faster data access, proper communication.

Since Computer Craft is an educational institute, whereas its main objective behind

automation is not only to maximize profit but also to take care of students interest by

providing coaching of latest courses benefiting students, in turn the country.

Different Phases Of The Development Process :

Requirement Analysis:

Requirement analysis is done in order to understand the problem the software system is to

solve. The problem could be automating an existing manual process, developing a new

automated system, or a combination of the two.

The emphasis in requirements analysis is on identifying what is needed from the system,

not how the system will achieve its goals.

There are atleast two parties involved in the software development-a client and a

developer.

The developer has to develop the system to satisfy the client’s needs. The developer does

not understand the client’s problem domain, and the client does not understand the issues

involved in the software systems. This causes a communication gap, which has to be

adequately bridged during requirements analysis.

Software Design:

The purpose of the design phase is to plan a solution of the problem specified by the

requirements documents. This phase is the first step in moving from the problem domain

to the solution domain. Starting with what is needed, design takes us toward how to

satisfy the needs.

The design of a system is perhaps the most critical factor affecting the quality of the

software. It has a major impact on the later phases, particularly testing and maintenance.

The design activity is divided into two phases: System Design and Detailed Design.

In system design the focus is on identifying the modules, whereas during detailed design

the focus is on designing the logic for each of the modules.

Coding: The goal of the coding phase is to translate the design of the system into code in a given

programming language.

Hence during coding, the focus should be on developing programs that are easy to read

and understand, and not simply on developing programs that are easy to write.

Testing:

Testing is the major quality control measure used during software development. Its basic

function is to detect errors in the software.

Testing not only uncover errors introduced during coding, but also errors introduced

during the previous phases. Thus, the goal of the testing is to uncover requirement, design

and coding errors in the programs. Therefore, different levels of testing are used.

Testing is an extremely critical and time consuming activity. It requires proper planning

of the overall testing process. The output of the testing phase is the test report and the

error report.

Test report contains the set of test cases and the result of executing the code with these

test cases. The error report describes the errors encountered and the action taken to

remove the errors.

Implementation Phase

The system or system modifications are installed and made operational in a production

environment. The phase is initiated after the system has been tested and accepted by the

user.

This phase continues until the system is operating in production in accordance with the

defined user requirements.

Operation & maintenance phase

Software maintenance is a task that every development group has to face, when the

software is delivered to the customer’s site, installed and is operational.

Software maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error correction, enhancement

of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities and optimization.

DATABASE DESIGN

Admin Table

CATEGORIES TABLE

CITIES TABLE

JOBS TABLE

LINKS TABLE

SEARCHES TABLE

JOB TYPES

HOME PAGE

MOST RECENT JOBS

SEARCH PAGE

CONTACT US

APPLY NOW PAGE

RECOMMEND PAGE

CITIES JOBS

ADMIN PANEL

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POST A JOB

Categories

CATEGORIES

CITIES

JOB TYPES

CHANGE PASSWORD

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

Definition of Analysis and Design:

Analysis and design refers to the process of examining a business situation with the intent of

improving it through better procedures and methods.

Overview of Analysis and Design:

System development can generally be thought of as having two major components - analysis

and design.

Definition of System:

In the broad sense, a system is simply a set of components that interact to accomplish some

purpose. Systems are all around us. As computers are used more and more by persons who

are not computer professionals , the face of systems development is taking on an additional

dimension. Users themselves are undertaking development of some of the systems they use

as the executive in the vignette emphasized.

DESIGNING PHASE

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

Data flows are data structures in motion, while data stores are data structures. Data flows are paths or ‘pipe lines’, along which data structures travel, where as the data stores are place where data structures are kept until needed.

Data flows are data structures in motion, while data stores are data structures at rest. Hence it is possible that the data flow and the data store would be made up of the same data structure.

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USER

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TESTING

It should be clear in mind that the philosophy behind testing is to find errors. Test cases are

devised with this purpose in mind. A test case is a set of data that the system will process as

normal input. However, the data are created with the express intent of determining whether the

system will process them correctly.

For example, test cases for inventory handling should include situations in which the quantifies

to be withdrawn from inventory exceed, equal and are less than the actual quantities on hand.

Each test case is designed with the intent of finding errors in the way the system will process it.

There are two general strategies for testing software: Code testing and Specification testing.

In code testing, the analyst develops that cases to execute every instructions and path in a

program. Under specification testing, the analyst examines the program specifications and then

writes test data to determine how the program operates under specific conditions. Regardless of

which strategy the analyst follows, there are preferred practices to ensure that the testing is

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useful. The levels of tests and types of test data, combined with testing libraries, are important

aspects of the actual test process.

Levels of Testing

Systems are not designed as entire systems nor are they tested as single systems. The analyst

must perform both unit and system testing.

Unit Testing:

In unit testing the analyst tests the programs making up a system. For this reason, unit testing is

sometimes called program testing. Unit testing gives stress on the modules independently of one

another, to find errors. This helps the tester in detecting errors in coding and logic that are

contained within that module alone. The errors resulting from the interaction between modules

are initially avoided. For example, a hotel information system consists of modules to handle

reservations; guest checking and checkout; restaurant, room service and miscellaneous charges;

convention activities; and accounts receivable billing. For each, it provides the ability to enter,

modify or retrieve data and respond to different types of inquiries or print reports. The test cases

needed for unit testing should exercise each condition and option.

Unit testing can be performed from the bottom up, starting with smallest and lowest-level

modules and proceeding one at a time. For each module in bottom-up testing a short program is

used to execute the module and provides the needed data, so that the module is asked to perform

the way it will when embedded within the larger system.

System Testing:

The important and essential part of the system development phase, after designing and

developing the software is system testing. We cannot say that every program or system design is

perfect and because of lack of communication between the user and the designer, some error is

there in the software development. The number and nature of errors in a newly designed system

depend on some usual factors like communication between the user and the designer; the

programmer's ability to generate a code that reflects exactly the systems specifications and the

time frame for the design.

Theoretically, a newly designed system should have all the parts or sub-systems are in working

order, but in reality, each sub-system works independently. This is the time to gather all the

subsystem into one pool and test the whole system to determine whether it meets the user

requirements. This is the last change to detect and correct errors before the system is installed for

user acceptance testing. The purpose of system testing is to consider all the likely variations to

which it will be subjected and then push the system to its limits.

Testing is an important function to the success of the system. System testing makes a logical

assumption that if all the parts of the system are correct, the goal will be successfully activated.

Another reason for system testing is its utility as a user-oriented vehicle before implementation.

System testing consists of the following five steps:

1) Program testing

2) String testing

3) System testing

4) System documentation

5) User acceptance testing

Recovery Testing: This testing determines the ability of user to recover data or re-start system

after failure. For example, load backup copy of data and resume processing without data or

integrity loss.

IMPLEMENTATION

Hardware Requirement

Hardware is the term given to machinery itself and to various individual pieces of equipment.

It refers to the physical devices of a computer system. Thus the input, storage, processing control

and output devices are hardware.

Minimum Hardware Requirement Of Client Side:

Processor : Any Pentium IV or Equivalent Machine

RAM : 512 MB

HDD : 40 GB

FDD : 1.44 MB

CD-ROM : 52X

15 inches Color Monitor

104 Keys Keyboards

Printer : DeskJet 670 C

Software Requirement

Software means a collection of program where the objective is to enhance the capabilities of the

hardware machine.

Minimum Software Requirement Of Client Side:

Operating System : Windows 2000/XP

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books:

PHP Programing

PHP+MySQL-By Wrox

Basic of PHP

Websites:

www.google.com

www.freshersworld.com

www.naukri.com