Filter Mesh

7/22/2019 Filter Mesh

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SECTION II

FILTER MEDIA


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FILTER MEDIA

Filter media may be classified into two most common classes :

1. Surface Filtration MediaSurface filter type media are distinguished by the fact that the solid particles of suspension on separationare mostly retained on the mediums surface . That is, particles do not penetrate into the pores.Common examples of this type of media are filter paper, filter cloths, and wire mesh . Dust cake on topof the medium makes it possible to clean the filter medium by means of backwash or backpulse.

2. Depth Filtration MediaDepth filter type media are largely used for liquid clarification. The are characterized by the fact that thesolid particles penetrate into te pores were they are retained. The drain of such media are considerablylarger than the particles suspension. The depth-type media could be cleaning by ultrasonic cleaning,chemical cleaning, pyrolysis and hydrolysis.

Surface Filtration Media

Classical weave

Dutch weave

Multipor

Perforated plate

Sintered metal fiber

Sintered metal powder

Wedge wire

Sintered mesh

Filling Sand

Woven WireCloth

Depth Filtration Media


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A.SURFACE MEDIA

Woven Wire Cloth

Perforated Sheet

Wedge Wire

Sintered Mesh


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A.1. Woven Wire Cloth

Wire cloth is a general term for a woven material made from a metallic wire. Traditional wire cloth(Wire Mesh, Wire Screen, Woven Mesh) is made in rolls on a loom.

It consists of a warp and shute wire and the openings can be made in many geometric shapes andsizes. The wire is generally crimped during the weaving process and the openings are controlled during theweaving process.

Woven Wire Cloth Classification

Woven Type Picture Description

Plain

Shute wires are woven over one

and under one warp wire.

CLASSICAL /SQUARE WEAVE

Twill

Each shute wire typically passesover two warp wires and undertwo, producing square openings.

Plain

Woven with a larger wire diameterin the warp direction and arelatively smaller wire in the shute

direction.

DUTCH WEAVE

Twill

Shute wires are passedalternately over and under twowarp wires forming a fine mesh.

MULTIPOR WEAVE

Similar with dutch weave but thewarp wire diameter is extra smallcompare to the shute wirediameter.


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A.1.1. Classical Weave

Also called "square weave" is the most simple woven wire cloth. Square weave meshes are used for dirtremoval at low pressure differentials and forbackwash filtering. Available for 3 mm 30 micron opening.

1. Type of classical weave

Plain squareEach shute wire is woven alternately over and under the warp wiresthrough the cloth at 90 degree angle.

Twill squareEach shute wire typically passes over two warp wires and under two,

producing square openings. Twill weave can be made from largerdiameter wires than would be possible in plain square weave to obtaingreater strength, density, or corrosion resistance.

2. Square Weave Identification

Square weave is identified by :

a. Aperture size (w), Wire diameter (d) and Pitch (P)

The aperture size (w) describes the distance between to neighboring warp or weft wires, measured in thecentre of the aperture.

The wire diameter(d)given in the specification always refers to the measurement taken before weaving.The weaving process may have a slight effect on the wire diameter.

Pitch(t) consists of the sum of the aperture size and the wire diameter: P = w + d.

The aperture is obtained by formula:

b. Mesh

Mesh count is calculated upon the number of apertures per inch (25.4 mm).

Wire cloth with square or right angled apertures should be described using actual aperture size (w) and wirediameter (d).

w (mm) = 25,4mm - d (mm)

mesh


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Example :

4 MESH 8 MESH 10 MESH

c. Open area Ao (%)

The open area (Ao) describes the sum of all apertures as a percentage of the entire surface area.

Or

d. Mesh Thickness Controling

Mesh thickness is a controlling factor in screen printing. It is based on the wirediameter and the weaving process. Thickness measurement is carried out prior totensioning using a sensor, measured pressure 1/8N, on a rigid, flat substrate.

B = DIN Norm: Square weave is identified by a number of openings per square cmcalled M/Qcm and by a wire diam.

%1004,25

%

2

=

wmeshAo

%100%

2

xdw

wAo

+

=


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e. Theoretical ink volume Vth

Theoretical ink volume Vth describes the volume of the open apertures,

converted into the substrate area.

f. Weight

For square weave mesh in plain or twilled weave :

Meshdmkgweight = 5.0)/( 22

4. Specification

Here below you find a list of the most important square weaves with their technical characteristics .

OpeningMesh Wire Diameter (mm) M/qcm Material

w (m) Ao (%)Weight

(kg/m2)

1 3 SS 304 22400 77.8 4.5

1 0.62 SS 304 11700 84.9 1.02

2 SS 304 10700 71.0 4.0

1 1.4 SS 304 7470 77.8 1.5

1.1 SS 304 7370 75.7 1.8

1.5 SS 304 6970 67.7 3.43

1.8 SS 304 6670 62.0 4.9

0.8 SS 304 /SS 316 5550 76.4 1.3

1.19 SS 304 5160 66.0 2.8

1.2 SS 304 5150 65.8 2.9

1.5 SS 304 4850 58.3 4.5

4

1.6 SS 316 4750 56.0 5.1

0.73 SS 304 4350 73.3 1.3

1 SS 316 4080 64.5 2.55

1.5 SS 304 3580 49.7 5.6

0.89 5.58 PS 3340 62.4 2.4

0.9 PS/ SS 304 3330 62.0 2.46

0.62 SS 304 3610 72.9 1.2

6.5 0.9 SS 316 3010 59.2 2.6

0.5 Galva mesh 2680 71.0 1.0

0.6 9.92 SS 304 2580 65.8 1.4

0.65 SS 304 2530 63.2 1.7

0.7 SS 304/SS 316 2480 60.8 2.0

0.71 SS 304 2470 60.3 2.0

0.9 SS 304 2280 51.3 3.2

8

1 SS 316 2180 46.9 4.0

9 1 Welded mesh 1820 41.7 4.5


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w (m) Ao (%)Weight

(kg/m2)

0.45 Galvanish 2090 67.7 1.0

0.5 SS 304 2040 64.5 1.3

0.55 SS 304 1990 61.4 1.5

0.6 SS 304 1940 58.3 1.8

0.63 SS 304 1910 56.5 2.0

0.64 Galvanish 1900 56.0 2.0

0.8 SS 304 1740 46.9 3.2

0.9 SS 304 1640 41.7 4.1

10

1 SS 304 1540 36.8 5.0

0.5 Galvanish 1810 61.4 1.411

0.75 18.8 PS 1560 45.6 3.1

0.56 22.3 PS 1560 54.1 1.9

0.584 PS/ SS 304 1530 52.4 2.0

0.6 SS 304 1520 51.3 2.212

0.8 SS 304 1320 38.7 3.8

0.5 30.4 SS 304 1310 52.5 1.8

0.508 SS 304 1310 51.8 1.8

0.7 SS 304 1110 37.7 3.414

0.8 PS 1010 31.3 4.5

0.24 34.9 SS 304 1450 73.7 0.4

0.25 SS 304 1440 72.7 0.5

0.65 PS 1040 38.0 3.215

0.7 PS 990 34.4 3.7

0.45 39.7 SS 304 / SS 316 1140 51.3 1.6

0.457 PS / SS 304 1130 50.7 1.70.46 SS 316 1130 50.4 1.7

0.5 SS 316 1090 46.9 2.0

0.57 SS 304 / SS 316 1020 41.1 2.6

0.63 SS 304 / SS 316 960 36.4 3.2

0.71 PS 880 30.6 4.0

16

0.8 PS 790 24.6 5.1

17 0.5 44.8 PS 990 44.3 2.1

0.4 50.2 SS 304 1010 51.3 1.4

0.5 SS 304 910 41.7 2.318

0.7 SS 304 710 25.4 4.4

0.25 62 SS 304 1020 64.5 0.6

0.3 SS 304 970 58.3 0.9

0.34 SS 304 930 53.6 1.2

0.35 SS 304 920 52.5 1.2

0.4 PS/SS 304/ SS 316 870 46.9 1.6

0.47 SS 304 800 39.7 2.2

0.5 SS 304 770 36.8 2.5

20

0.56 PS 710 31.3 3.1


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w (m) Ao (%)Weight

(kg/m2)

0.28 SS 304 780 54.1 0.9

0.3 89.3 SS 304 760 51.3 1.1

0.35 PS/SS 304 710 44.8 1.5

0.36 PS/ SS 304 700 43.5 1.6

24

0.4 Galvanish/SS 304 660 38.7 1.9

25 0.4 96.9 SS 304 620 36.8 2.0

0.25 122 SS 304 660 52.5 0.9

0.28 SS 304 630 47.8 1.1

0.4 SS 304 510 31.3 2.228

0.42 SS 304 490 28.8 2.5

0.23 SS 316 620 53.0 0.8

0.26 Galvanish 590 48.0 1.0

0.28 140 PS 570 44.8 1.2

0.3 140 PS/ SS 304 550 41.7 1.4

0.33 140 PS 520 37.2 1.6

30

0.4 140 PS 450 27.8 2.4

32 0.25 159 SS 304 540 46.9 1.0

0.279 190 PS 450 37.9 1.435

0.28 SS 304 450 37.7 1.4

0.2 201 SS 304/ SS 316 510 51.3 0.736

0.22 PS 490 47.4 0.9

37 0.2 212 SS 304 490 50.2 0.7

38 0.14 224 SS 304 530 62.5 0.4

39 0.25 236 PS 400 38.0 1.2

0.17 SS 304 470 53.6 0.6

0.18 248 SS 316 460 51.3 0.6

0.195 SS 316 440 48.0 0.8

0.2 SS 304 440 46.9 0.8

0.22 SS 302 420 42.7 1.0

0.23 SS 316 410 40.7 1.1

0.25 SS 304 390 36.8 1.3

40

0.254 PS/ SS 304 380 36.0 1.3

42 0.28 273 320 28.8 1.6

45 0.241 314 PS 320 32.8 1.3

48 0.125 357 SS 316 400 58.3 0.4

0.17 SS 304 340 44.3 0.7

0.2 388 SS 304 310 36.8 1.00.22 SS 304/ SS 316 290 32.1 1.2

0.229 PS/ SS 304 280 30.2 1.3

50

0.23 SS 304 280 29.9 1.3

0.14 SS 304 280 44.8 0.6

0.15 SS 304 270 41.7 0.7

0.16 558 SS 316 260 38.7 0.8

0.165 SS 304 260 37.2 0.8

60

0.19 SS 316 230 30.4 1.1


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Opening WeightMesh Wire Diameter (mm) M/qcm Material

w (m) Ao (%) (kg/m2)60 Twilled 0.25 SS 316 170 16.8 1.9

78 0.125 943 300 49.7 0.50.12 992 SS 316 200 38.7 0.6

0.125 SS 304 190 36.8 0.6

0.14 SS 304 Panel 180 31.3 0.880

0.18 SS 304/SS 316 140 18.8 1.3

0.1 1550 SS 304 150 36.8 0.5

0.11 SS 304 Panel 140 32.1 0.6100

0.112 AISI 304 140 31.3 0.6

0.089 2232 SS 304 120 33.6 0.5120

0.09 SS 304/SS 316 120 33.0 0.5

130 0.09 110 29.1 0.5

140 0.08 100 31.3 0.4

150 0.065 3488 SS 316 100 38.0 0.3

160 0.071 90 30.6 0.4

0.052 5022 SS 304 90 39.9 0.2180

0.053 SS 304 90 39.0 0.3

0.04 SS 304/ SS 316 90 46.9 0.2200

0.05 6200 SS 316 80 36.8 0.3

220 0.05 70 32.1 0.3

250 0.04 9688 SS 316 60 36.8 0.2

270 0.04 11300 SS 316 50 33.0 0.2

300 0.036 13950 SS 316 50 33.0 0.2

320 0.035 15872 SS 304 40 31.3 0.2

325 0.035 16372 SS 316 40 30.5 0.2

350 0.03 40 34.4 0.2

0.025 SS 316 40 36.8 0.1

0.029 24800 SS 316 30 29.5 0.2400

0.03 SS 316 30 27.8 0.2

445 0.025 30694 SS 316 30 31.6 0.1

0.025 SS 316 30 31.0 0.1450

0.026 31388 SS 316 30 29.1 0.2

0.023 38750 SS 316 30 29.9 0.1500

0.025 SS 316 30 25.8 0.2


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A. 1.2. Dutch Weave

Dutch Weave Wire Cloth is woven with a larger wire diameter in the warp direction and a relativelysmaller wire in the shute direction. This weave has great strength and is available in wide range of micron ranges.It is primarily used to filter a wide range of liquid and slurry products. Its high density of wires gives it a higher

mechanical tensile than square wire mesh.

1. Type of dutch weave

Plain DutchWoven in an over and under pattern, but warp wires are heavier -- larger in diameter -- than shute wireswhich are driven very close to create a high density wire mesh with much lower flow rates and muchhigher particle retention than plain square weaves.

These meshes have a lightly textured surface area and are particularly notable for their high flow rateand reduced pressure drop.

Twill DutchSimilar to Plain Dutch except woven in the Twill Style. Each wire passes over two wires then under twowires, still utilizing a smaller-diameter shute wire, allowing an even tighter weave and even finer filtrationthan Plain Dutch Weave

For monofilament, twilled weaves achieve the smallest pores and a smooth mesh surface. The larger

material cross section allows for greater mesh stability.

Reverse dutch weaveA Dutch weave can also be woven reversed : that means that the big wire is in the warp direction,and the small one in shute direction. This type of Dutch weave gives more resistance for the sameopening.


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2. Identification

Dutch weave is identified : either by its mesh counts and wire diameters in each directions.

For example :

24 x 110 mesh 0.35 x 0.25indicates a Dutch weave , with :24 warp wires of 0.35mm diam. per linear inch,110 shute wires of 0.25mm diam. per linear inch.

or by its aperture .This is given by the diameter of the smallest sphere tangent to the three sides of a curvilinear triangleformed by a warp wire (D) and two shute/weft (d) wires as shown on drawing. This theoreticallycalculated and is so called nominal opening. This opening varies from 300 to 10 microns.

To calculate the weight of dutch weave media :

+

=

2

5.0/

2

5.0)/(

222 meshddirectionshuteweft

meshddirectionwarpmkgweight

Example :

12 x 64 14 x 88 24 x 110 40 x 200


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3. Specification

Plain Dutch Weave

Mesh Wire Diameter (mm)Nominal Opening

(m) Weight(kg/m2)5 x 32 1.25 x 0.8 700 5.212 x 64 0.58 x 0.4 300 3.8

12 x 64 0.58 x 0.43 300 3.5

12 x 64 0.6 x 0.42 300 3.9

12 x 70 0.6 x 0.4 300 4.1

14 x 88 0.5 x 0.34 250 3.2

24 x 110 0.35 x 0.25 150 2.3

40 x 200 0.18 x 0.14 85 1.1

50 x 250 0.14 x 0.11 65 1

80 x 330 0.12 x 0.08 50 0.7

132 x 17 0.2 x 0.4 170 4.65

152 x 24 0.27 x 0.33 155 2.85

260 x 40 0.16 x 0.25 130 2.25

Twilled Dutch Weave


(m) Weight(kg/m2)20 x 270 0.25 x 0.2 160 2.9

60 x 58

80 x 700 0.1 x 0.076 35 1.21

110 x 900 0.09 x 0.06

165 x 800 0.07 x 0.05 25 0.7

165 x 1400 0.07 x 0.05 20 0.65

200 x 600 0.058 x 0.046 20 0.49200 x 1400 0.07 x 0.04 12 0.81

325 x 2300 0.035 x 0.025 8 0.47

400 x 2800 0.025 x 0.02 5 0.45

Reverse Dutch Weave / Auto screen


(m) Weight(kg/m2)72 x 15 0.43 x 0.44 380 6.35

132 x 14 0.35 x 0.45 180 4.8

133 x 17 170 4.65

135 x 24 90 3.75152 x 24 0.27 x 0.33 155 2.85

260 x 40 0.16 x 0.25 130 2.25

338 x 36 55 2.7


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A.1.3. Multipor

This is a new generation of Dutch weave that offers :

a longer lifetime of your filters (till 5 times longer) a more efficient filter giving a higher production output a filter easy to clean

For the classical Dutch weave, the opening is given by the diameter of a sphere tangential to the three sidesof a curvilinear triangle formed by one warp wire (D) and two weft/shute wires (d).

This opening changes obviously at each weave and is also very difficult to control.Also because of this characteristic,- the percentual opening is very low (8-18%)- the filter is difficult to clean

Those inconvenient are avoided by Multipor's characteristics :Wrap wire diameter D is calculated only in function of strengthWeft wire diameter d is so that the opening left between two consecutive wires is smaller than the opening ofthe curvilinear triangle described above.

Consequently :1. The opening is given by the distance between two consecutive weft wires

This opening is constant at each weave and easy to control2. The percentual opening is much higher (45% against 8 to 18% Dutch weave)

Advantages of multipor media : a more accurate filtration less pressure drop or higher flow longer lifetime easy to clean by back flush


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Following graphics represent :1. Pressure drop in function of viscosity2. Pressure drop increases in function of time in same condition of flow - viscosity and temperature

PDutch weave

Multipor

Viscosity

PDutch weave

Multipor

T


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Following pictures show :

1. Visual aspect of Dutch weave and Multipor2. Visual aspect of Dutch weave and Multipor after usage.

By Multipor, the clogging appears on surface.

Multipor Specification

Wire DiameterMultipor

(m) Wrap WeftMesh

Thickness

Weight

(kg/m2)

15 0.05 0.02 0.08 0.26

20 0.06 0.02 0.1 0.32

25 0.07 0.025 0.115 0.38

30 0.08 0.03 0.146 0.45

35 0.095 0.035 0.165 0.47

40 0.095 0.04 0.16 0.45

50 0.15 0.05 0.252 0.7

60 0.193 0.06 0.28 0.84

75 0.23 0.075 0.37 1.08

90 0.28 0.1 0.446 1.25


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A2. Perforated Sheet

Perforated metal has many applications, including screening, ventilation, protection, or decoration.

Hole Size

Hole size is the diameter of the perforation. As a rule of thumb, the hole diameter should beat least the same size as the thickness of the perforated material or larger. Preferably, thehole should be at least twice the size of the material thickness. As the hole diameterapproaches the material thickness, the higher probability of tool failure. For stainlesssteel and similar higher-strength materials, it is preferable to specify a hole size at leastthree times the thickness of the material

Hole Center

Hole Center is the distance from the center of one hole to the center of the nearest hole

in the next adjoining row. Hole center is one of two measures of perforation spacing.Because hole center and open area measure essentially the same property (perforationspacing), you need specify only one or the other, not both.

Thickness

Thickness is the measurement from the top surface to bottom surface of the material.

Open Area

Perforated sheets contain holes and material. Open area is the total area of the holesdivided by the total area of the sheet and is expressed as a percent. In other words, open

area describes how much of a sheet is occupied by holes. If a perforated sheet has 60percent open area, then 60 percent of the sheet is holes and 40 percent is material.

Hole Pattern

Hole pattern is the arrangement of holes on a sheeteither staggered or straight rows. In a staggered holepattern, the direction of the stagger is normally parallel to the short dimension of the sheet.

The standard pattern is 60 staggered. It is the strongest, most versatile, and economical pattern of theperforated choices. Also available are straight and 45 hole patterns, available by special order.


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Perforated Sheet Type Based On Hole Pattern

Straight Line Standart Staggered (60oC)

RoundPerforated

SquarePerforated

Rectangular

Perforated


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Straight Line Standart Staggered (60oC)

Round EndSlot

Perforated

HexagonalPerforated

-

To find the holes per square inch :

254.78

%%...

D

AreaOpen

HoleofArea

AreaOpenISPH

==


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A3. Wedge Wire

Wedge wire is a welded steel structure, mainly used for filtration, separation and retention media.

It consists of surface profiles/ wire profile , usually V-shaped, that are resistance welded onto supportrod. The distance between the surface profiles is controlled very accurately, as it forms the slot through whichthe filtrate flows.

In case of V-shaped surface profiles conical slots are created (as shown on figure).

In comparison with wire mesh and perforated metal, wedge wire continuous slot screens have more openarea, have very precise openings, are stronger and more durable, are virtually non-clogging and reduce mediaabrasion.

Wire mesh and perforated metal may be less expensive initially, but wedge wire screens offer easierinstallation and long-term operating and cost benefits. Wedge wire screens have maximum design flexibility, canbe constructed in a wide variety of shapes and sizes from a variety of corrosion resistant alloys such as type 304,

316, 316L, 321, and 410S stainless steels, as well as nickel alloys such as C-276.

Wedge wire has the following advantages:

Non-clogging: the continuous slot formed by the V-shaped surfacewires ensures a two-point contact between the particles and the slot,which minimizes clogging.

High-precision slot sizes: precise slot sizes are available to meetcustomer's requirements.

Surface filtration: the V-shaped surface wires allow easy cleaning bymechanical scraping or back flushing

Low pressure-drop

Strong construction: for most applications, the wedge wire screen isself-supporting, because of the welding at each intersection.


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1. Wedge Wire Screen Construction

Standart construction Invert construction

2. Wedge Wire Configuration

Standard Construction

Internal External

Invert

Construction

Radial /Circumferential

Inverted radial wire

Axial

Inverted axial wire

The open area coefficient can be calculated from the following formula:

widthwireopeningslot

openingslotareaOpening

+=


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3. Technical Description

Surface/Wire Profile

Ref. 6SC 10S 11S 12S 12SL 18S 22S 28S 28SC 34S 42S 50S 50SC 0.8 1 2

Width(mm)

0.6 0.75 0.75 1 1 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.8 3.4 3.4 3.4 0.8 1 2

Height

(mm)1.2 1.425 1.8 2 2 2.5 3.7 4.5 4.5 5.5 6.8 7.5 7.5 - - -

Angle 13 10 8 10 - 12.5 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 - - -

Support Rod

Ref. Q20 Q25 Q35 Q53 D45 10x3 11x5 25x3 30x3 38x3 50x3

Width

(mm)2 2 3 5 3.8 3 5 3 3 3 3

Height

(mm)2.28 3 5 3 5.6 10 11 25 30 38 50

All rod shapes are possible as long as the wire/rod combinations is weldable.


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2. MSWMSW is a laminated sintered mesh similar to DSW achieving optimum flow rates with excellent

cleanability/backwashing properties. MSW is used widely in liquid and gas filtration due to its highperformance flow and backwashing properties.MSW is composed of :

MSW Absolute filter rating Porosity % Thickness mm Weight kg/m

2 5 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

5 10 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

10 15 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

15 20 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

20 25 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

30 35 62 2.4 - 2.5 8.5 9.5

40 50 62 2.5 2.6 8.5 9.5

50 60 62 2.5 2.6 8.5 9.5

60 75 62 2.5 2.6 8.5 9.5

75 90 62 2.5 2.6 8.5 9.5

Any special composition of sintered multi-layered media is available upon request.

Protection layer in classical weave

Filtration layer in Multipor

Drainage layer in classical weave

Two support layers in classical weave


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B.DEPTH MEDIA

Sintered Metal Fiber

Sintered Metal Powder

Filling Sand


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B.1. Sintered Metal Fiber

Depth filter media composed of fine metal fibers (1.5 to 40 m), randomly layered by air webbing,sintered together and calendared to give the filtration characteristics required.

SFB is a multi-layered metal fibre depth filter medium with very high dirt holding capacity and gel retentioncapability.

1. Basic Formulas for Bekipor Medium

Density () and Porosity ()Density is the volume of fibres per volume of filter medium [m3/m3]Porosity is the volume of air per volume of filter medium [m3/m3]

=H

G =1

= density of medium in absolute value (not %)G = weight of medium [kg/m2]H = Thickness of medium [m]

= specific weight of fiber [kg/m3], for stainless stell : = 8000 kg/m3 = porosity of medium in absolute value (not %)

Absolute filter rating of a medium or absolute pore size (A)

Absolute filter rating of a medium is the diameter of the largest spherical particle that will passthrough the filter element.

39.2

mdA = BPP

A37000

= 2

dA

A = filter rating [micrometer]

d = diameter of finest fiber in medium [micrometer]

Remark : for mesh : A = dm (as all pores have the same dimensions)


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Maximum pore size of medium (dm)

Maximum pore size of a medium is the calculated diameter equivalent to the largest pore in the filter.

BPPdm88400

= BPP = buble point pressure [Pa]

Pressure loss over a filter (pressure drop)

k

H

A

QvP =

P = pressure loss [Pa]v = viscosity of filtered fluid [Pa s]Q = flow rate [m3/s]A = filter surface [m2]H = thickness of medium [m]k = constant depending from medium (permeability factor) [m2]

Remark : Q/A = fluid velocity [m/s]The H/k value of a medium can be calculated with air permeability AP

APk

H9

105574.6 = AP = air permeability [I/dm2/min]

Dirt Holding Capacity (DHC)

Dirt holding capacity is mass of solid retained in filter until P reaches 8 times the initial value.

GADHC DHC increases with A,with G and with

Total Fiber SurfaceTotal fiber surface is the total surface of all fibres in 1 m2 of medium [m 2/m2]

d

GSurface

=

4

= specific weight of fiber [kg/m3]d = diameter of finest fiber in medium [meter]G = weight of medium [kg/m2]


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2. Types of Sintered Fiber

Type Characteristic Best forMin.

(m)Thickness

(media 10 m)DHC

(10 m)Porosity

(10 m)Bekipor

ST AL3

(SFBA)

Two layer of fibers

High porosity

High DHC

Long on stream life

Liquid & polymer filtration

both in pleated candle or

spin pack

3 0.34 mm 6.89

g/cm2

78 %

Bekipor

ST BL3

(SFBB)

Thin monolayer structure

High permeability

Pleatable medium

Fuel and Hydraulic filtration 5 0.2 mm 5.03

g/cm2

81 %

Bekipor

ST CL3

(SFBC)

Three layer of fibers

Extremely high porosity

Extremely high DHC

Pleatable medium

Lower pressure application

(ex. Monomer filtration)

5 0.76 mm 10.3

g/cm2

85 %

Bekipor

ST CL4

(SFBD)

Three layer of fibers pre-

compressed

Pleated medium

Long on stream life

Polymer filtration with

pleated candles or spinpack.

High pressure application

5 0.42 mm 9.9 g/cm2

73 %

Bekipor

ST FP3

(SFBE)

Thick monolayer fiber

Pleatable medium

Light weight medium

Economic, offer good price

and performance ratio

10 0.26 mm 3.5 g/cm2

71 %

Bekipor

ST DL4

(SFBF)

Three thick layer of fibers

pre-compressed.

Strong and heavy

medium

Non-pleatable

High DHC

Polymer filtration

Very high pressure

(leaf disc)

2 0.67 mm 7.51

g/cm2

72 %

Bekipor

ST DL5

Similar with Bekipor DL4

Thicker than ST DL4

Polymer filtration

Leaf disk application

2 1.02 mm 7.51

g/cm2

72 %

Bekipor

ST GA

Higher filtration efficiency

High porosity

Low pressure drop

Gas and air filtration 0.01 - - -


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3. Sintered Fiber Specification

Type

BPP

min.

range(1) [Pa]

BPP

Avg.

range(1) [Pa]

BPP

max.

range(1) [Pa]

Filter

rating

Based onBPP [mm]

Thickness

[mm]

Weight

[g/m2]

Porosity

%

Air

permeability at

200 Pa (2)[I/dm2 min]

H/k [1/m]

DHC

[mg/cm2]

SFBA /

ST AL3

3 AL3 10824 12300 13776 3 0.37 975 67 10 6.56E+08 7.2

5 AL3 6688 7600 8512 5 0.37 600 80 34 1.93E+08 6.51

7 AL3 4440 5045 5650 7 0.29 600 74 62 1.06E+08 5.06

10 AL3 3256 3700 4144 10 0.34 600 78 108 6.07E+07 6.89

15 AL3 2174 2470 2766 15 0.38 600 80 180 3.64E+07 10.41

20 AL3 1628 1850 2072 20 0.51 750 82 265 2.47E+07 12.06

25 AL3 1302 1480 1658 25 0.62 1050 79 325 2.02E+07 17.2

30 AL3 1087 1235 1383 30 0.62 1050 79 450 1.46E+07 21.12

40 AL3 814 925 1036 40 0.62 1200 76 620 1.06E+07 24.11

60 AL3 554 630 706 59 0.65 750 86 1350 4.86E+06 36.57

75 AL3 434 493 552 75 1.05 1200 86 1613 4.07E+06 84.18

80 AL3 407 463 519 80 1.05 1200 86 1604 4.09E+06 93.72

90 AL3 362 411 460 90 1.03 1200 85 1740 3.77E+06 101.12

100 AL3 326 370 414 100 1.16 1200 87 1900 3.45E+06 133.14

SFBB /

ST BL3

5 BL3 6160 7000 7840 5 0.18 300 79 45 1.46E+08 5.47

10 BL3 3256 3700 4144 10 0.2 300 81 125 5.25E+07 5.03

15 BL3 2174 2470 2766 15 0.17 300 78 250 2.62E+07 4.14

20 BL3 1628 1850 2072 20 0.19 300 80 400 1.64E+07 5.41

40 BL3 814 925 1036 40 0.23 300 84 1100 5.96E+06 8.66

60 BL3 554 630 706 59 0.145 300 74 1718 3.82E+06 11.94

SFBC /

ST CL3

5 CL3 6248 7100 7952 5 0.84 975 85 37 1.77E+08 12.99

10 CL3 3080 3500 3920 11 0.76 900 85 110 5.96E+07 10.3

15 CL3 2112 2400 2688 15 0.76 900 85 203 3.23E+07 9.91

20 CL3 1496 1700 1904 22 0.79 900 86 345 1.90E+07 21.42

25 Cl3 1298 1475 1652 25 0.82 900 86 385 1.70E+07 17.23

30 Cl3 1082 1230 1378 30 0.8 900 86 650 1.01E+07 19.05

40 Cl3 814 925 1036 40 0.8 900 86 675 9.71E+06 28.14

SFBD /ST CL4

5 CL4 6512 7400 8288 5 0.42 900 73 32 2.05E+08 6.43

7 CL4 4488 5100 5712 7 0.42 900 73 54 1.21E+08 9.5

10 CL4 3256 3700 4144 10 0.42 900 73 75 8.74E+07 8.9

15 CL4 2112 2400 2688 15 0.42 900 73 180 3.64E+07 9.29

20 CL4 1628 1850 2072 20 0.42 900 73 230 2.85E+07 12.32

25 CL4 1320 1500 1680 25 0.48 1050 73 294 2.23E+07 12.06


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Type

BPP

min.range

(1) [Pa]

BPP

Avg.range

(1) [Pa]

BPP

max.range

(1) [Pa]

Filter

ratingBased on

BPP [mm]

Thickness[mm]

Weight[g/m2]

Porosity%

Air

permeability at200 Pa (2)

[I/dm2

min]

H/k [1/m]DHC

[mg/cm2]

SFBE / ST

FP310 FP3

3080 3500 3920 11 0.26 600 71 90 7.29E+07 3.5

15 FP3 2288 2600 2912 14 0.32 600 77 140 4.68E+07 7.5

20 FP3 1584 1800 2016 21 0.28 675 70 240 2.73E+07 6

40 FP3 814 925 1036 40 0.29 675 71 625 1.05E+07 9

60 FP3 484 550 616 67 0.29 675 71 1200 5.46E+06 12

SFBF / STDL4

2 DL4 15840 18000 20160 2 0.38 1500 51 3 2.19E+09

3 DL4 10824 12300 13776 3 0.69 1500 73 13 5.04E+08

5 DL4 6776 7700 8624 5 0.67 1500 72 24 2.73E+08 7.74

7 DL4 4400 5000 5600 7 0.67 1500 72 43 1.52E+08 10.5

10 DL4 3538 4020 4502 9 0.67 1500 72 53 1.24E+08 7.51

12 DL4 2816 3200 3584 12 0.67 1500 72 85 7.71E+07 12.8

15 DL4 2121 2410 2699 15 0.67 1500 72 135 4.86E+07 9.13

20 DL4 1672 1900 2128 19 0.67 1500 72 165 3.97E+07 13.42

25 DL4* 1302 1480 1658 25 0.84 2055 69 220 2.98E+07

30 DL4 1082 1230 1378 30 0.76 1500 75 350 1.87E+07 12.75

40 DL4 814 925 1036 40 0.75 1500 75 625 1.05E+07 24.52

ST DL5

2 DL5 SS 15840 18000 20160 2 0.57 2260 50 3 2.19E+09

3 DL5 - 10824 12300 13776 3 0.69 1500 73 13 5.04E+08

3 DL5 SS 9944 11300 12656 3 1.1 2260 74 19 3.45E+08

5 DL5 SS 6688 7600 8512 5 1.02 2260 72 26 2.52E+08 7.74

7 DL5 SS 4620 5250 5880 7 1.02 2260 72 45 1.46E+08 10.6

10 DL5 SS 3256 3700 4144 10 1.02 2260 72 68 9.64E+07 7.51

15 DL5 SS 2156 2450 2744 15 0.96 2260 71 150 4.37E+07 9.13

15 DL5 - 2121 2410 2699 15 0.67 1500 72 135 4.86E+07 9.13

15 DL5 N*N* 2112 2400 2688 15 1.05 2650 68 130 5.04E+07 11.94

20 DL5 SS 1628 1850 2072 20 1.05 2260 73 194 3.38E+07 13.42

30 DL5 N*N* 1082 1230 1378 30 1.2 2646 72 390 1.68E+07 12.75

40 DL5 N*N* 814 925 1036 40 1.05 2646 69 425 1.54E+07 24.52

* Only with meshes

Remarks :(1) Bubble point pressure (Pa): determined according to ASTM E128-61 equivalent ISO 4003(2) AP : air permeability : determined according to NF A-95-352 equivalent ISO 4022(3) Dirt holding capacity : determined according to Multipass method ISO 4572 p = 8 p

initial, using AC fine test dust.

Bekaert New Sintered Fiber


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Bekipor ST GA

The GA series is specially developed to be used in gas and air filtration. Because of its higher filtrationefficiency, the heavier GA types can be used for HEPA applications.

Because of the high porosity, high efficiency is combined with low pressure drop.

Specification :

DOP EfficiencyType

Thickness[mm]

Weight[g/m2]

Porosity[%]

Air Permeability

at 200 Pa (1)[I/dm2 min] 0.01 m 0.07 m 0.1 m 0.2 m 0.3 m 0.4 m

dP[Pa]

3 AL3 0.37 975 67 10 99.995 97.656 96.679 96.805 98.747 99.484 1951

GA4 0.195 600 62 99.908 98.417 98.249 99.379 99.89 99.96 3870

GA5 0.27 900 58

GA6 0.42 1200 64

GA7 0.5 600 85 23 99.974 95.054 92.503 89.2 93.864 95.683 604

GA8 1 1200 85 11 99.97 99.929 99.828 99.695 99.809 99.938 1530

GA9 2.15 2400 86 6 100 100 99.999 99.996 99.999 100 2619

GA10 0.54 600 86 80 99.939 99.939 59.296 42.319 57.351 58.777 255

GA11 1.2 1200 88 35 99.996 99.996 90.398 81.438 86.874 89.044 520

GA12 1.82 2400 84 16 99.994 99.994 99.111 97.393 98.311 98.824 981

Remarks :(1) Bubble point pressure (Pa): determined according to ASTM E128-61 equivalent ISO 4003(2) AP : air permeability : determined according to NF A-95-352 equivalent ISO 4022(3) Dirt holding capacity : determined according to Multipass method ISO 4572 p = 8 p

initial, using AC fine test dust.

Bekipor WB

Bekipor WB is a web of loose metal fibers, uniformly laid to form a three-dimensional non wovenlabyrinth structure.

Specification :

Type Fibre Diameterm Weightg/m

2

WB 02/150 2 150

WB 04/150 4 150

WB 6.5/150 6.5 150

WB 08/300 8 300

WB 12/300 12 300

WB 22/300 22 300

WB 30/300 30 300


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3. Material Specification :

Standard material : 316 L

Possible : Hastelloy - Inconel 601 - Fecralloy (but only 20 and higher)

AISI 316 L Inconel 601 Alloy HR Fecralloy

Min. Max Min Max Min Max Min Max

C 0.03 C 0.10 C 0.01 C 0.03

Mn 2.00 Mn Mn 0.05 Mn 0.35

P 0.05 P P 0.02 P 0.04 0.04

S 0.03 S S 0.01 S 0.01

Si 0.75 Si Si 0.10 Si 0.35

Chemical Cr 16.00 18.00 Cr 21.00 25.00 Cr 22.00 24.00 Cr 19.50 20.50

analysis Ni 10.00 14.00 Ni 58.00 63.00 Ni balance Ni 0.35

Mo 2.00 3.00 Mo Mo 15.00 16.50 Mo

Fe Balance Fe balance Fe 1.50 Fe balance

Al 1.40 Al 0.10 0.40 Al 4.55 4.95Co 0.30 Co

Cu 0.15

Y 0.25 0.3

Max.Temperature 350 - 380 oC 560 oC 600 oC 1000 oC

Corrosionresistance No Cl-/ Br-/ F-

No HCl/HF

No H2SO4 Good in H2SO4Good vs. sulphur

and its components


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B.2. Sintered Metal Powder

Depth filter media composed of calibrated metal particules, rounded shaped orshattered sharp shaped, randomly layed and sintered.

Stainless steel powder

SP is a multi-layered metal powder depth filter medium with high shear rates and small opening on requestdown to 0.2

Standard material : 316 LExotic alloys on request

Sintered Metal Powder Specification

Initial Removal Ratings (m)Media Grade

Mean BPP

(Pa)

Thickness

(mm)

Nominal Rating Based

on BPP (m) 90 % 99 % 99.9%0.2

0.5

1

2

5

10

20

20250

11750

7650

5100

3700

2250

1493

1

1

1

2

2

2

3

2

3

5

7

10

16

25

0.5

1

1.5

4

5

10

20

0.9

1.7

2.2

5.5

8

16

26

1.4

2.2

3.3

9

13

20

35

(1) Bubble point pressure (Pa): determined according to ASTM E128-61 equivalent ISO 4003(2) AP : air permeability : determined according to NF A-95-352 equivalent ISO 4022(3) Dirt holding capacity : determined according to Multipass method ISO 4572 p = 8 p

initial, using AC fine dust test.


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B.3. Filling Sand

Filtration sands are typically used in the spin block for production of synthetic fiber and yarn.

The purpose of this sand is to :

Create an even distribution of heat and pressure before spinning Shear the gels contained in the polymer.

Depending of the material hardness and shapes of particles, the shearing effect will be high or low. Theshearing effect of filtration sand is mostly ended when polymer has found a preferential way through the sand;this is called the channeling effect. The more irregular are the shapes of sand, the later appears he channelingeffect.

We are able to supply you with filtration sand in different materials such as :

Type Characteristics Properties Size

P01Metal Sand austenitic stainless steel

Iron base Cr 20 % Ni 12 % Si 3 % & Mo 2 %giving a high resistance to oxidation

High shearingLow channelling

From 2.000 mm to 50microns

P02Metal Sand nickel-based alloy (type IN 600)

Ni base Cr 15 % Iron 8 % & Si 2.5 %Developed for nylon yarn

Very high shearingHigh resistance to

oxidation


P03Metal Sand stainless steel AISI 316 L

Iron base Cr 17 % Ni 12 % Mo 2.5 % & Si 0.5%

Good shearingLow channelling


P04

Metal Sand nickel-free not austenitic stainlesssteel

Iron base Cr 36 % & Si 3.0 %

with magnetic properties

Very high shearingHigh resistance to

oxidation


P10Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3)blocky shaped fused brown

with good abrasive properties

Low shearingMedium channelling


P20 Glass beadsVery low shearingHigh channelling


P30

Ceramic beadsFused ZirconiumSilicate Beads

ZrO2 65 % SiO2 30%Especially recommended for fine grinding

Very low shearingHigh resistance to

oxidation


P40Silica beads

Quartz silica sand Sio2Low shearing

Medium channellingFrom 2.500 mm to 100

microns

Stainless Steel Alumunium oxide Silica sand Glass/ceramics beads


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Type of filling sand :

1. Metal Sand

Metal sand is used in the textile industry for the filtration of polymer melts

Sizes (m) Sizes (Mesh)Type and Characteristic

Min Max Min Max

Density

(g/cm3)

Porosity

(%)

MSAND/P01

Austenitic stainless steel

High resistance to oxidation

Filtration of polyester and polyamides

44

90

125

150

180

180

250

250

300350

500

700

850

90

125

180

300

250

425

350

600

700500

850

2000

2000

170

120

80

50

60

40

45

30

2535

20

10

10

325

170

120

100

80

80

60

60

3545

35

25

20

2.7

2.3

2.2

1.75

2.0

1.7

2.0

1.65

1.62.2

1.8

1.5

1.6

55

58

61

73

64

74

66

74

7571

73

76

75

MSAND/P02

Nickel-based alloy (type IN 600)

Extremerly oxidation resistant

For spinning of nylon yarn

44

90

125

180

250

350

500

850

90

125

180

250

350

500

850

2000

170

120

80

60

45

35

20

10

325

170

120

80

60

45

35

20

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.2

1.8

1.6

55

58

61

64

66

71

73

75

MSAND/P03

Stainless steel AISI 316

44

90

125

180

250

350

500

700

850

90

125

180

250

350

500

850

2000

1700

170

120

80

60

45

35

20

10

12

325

170

120

80

60

45

35

35

20

2.35

2.2

2.5

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.7

MSAND/P04

It is a nickel-free stainless metal sandwith magnetic properties.

44

90

125

180

250

350

500

850

90

125

180

250

350

500

850

2000

170

120

80

60

45

35

20

10

325

170

120

80

60

45

35

20

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.2

1.8

1.6

55

58

61

64

66

71

73

75


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2. Alumunium oxideThe filtration sand type P10 is a blocky shaped, fused brown Alumunium Oxide, especially produced

for the filtration melted polymers.Its good abrasive properties are giving moderate shearing of the polymers.

Sizes (m)Type and Characteristic

Min Max

Sizes

(Mesh)Density (g/cm

3)

MSAND/P10

Fused brownalumunium oxide

Blocky shape with sharpedges

Moderate shearing ofpolymers

36

44

53

63

74

105

125

177210

250

354

420

550

710

840

1000

1190

1410

1680

97

115

137

163

194

230

274

390460

550

770

920

1090

1300

1540

1840

2190

2600

3090

220

180

150

120

100

90

80

60

54

46

36

30

24

20

16

14

12

10

8

1.60 1.72

1.61 1.73

1.62 1.74

1.65 1.77

1.67 1.79

1.75 1.85

1.77 1.87

1.81 1.91

1.84 1.94

1.86 1.97

1.90 2.02

1.92 2.02

1.95 2.06

1.96 2.08

1.96 2.08

1.97 2.07

1.97 2.07

1.98 2.08

2.00 2.10

3. Silica SandThe filtration sand type P40 is a Quartz Silica Sand especially developed for the production of man-

made fibers. It is a natural and uncrushed Silica Sand, washed, dried and graded.

This sand is used in filtering hot, molten pre-spun textile filament. Its purpose is to fill the emptyvolume of the spinpack and create an even distribution of the flow before the spinpack filter.

Sizes (m)Type and Characteristic

Min MaxMaximum Larger Than Maximum Finer Than

MSAND/P40

Rounded to sub-rounded shape Used to fill the empty volume of

spinpack.

90

150

300

600

700

1180

150

300

600

1180

1200

2360

150 micron is 15 %

300 micron is 10 %

600 micron is 10 %

1.18 mm is 10 %

1.2 mm is 10 %

2.36 mm is 10 %

90 micron is 15 %

150 micron is 15 %

300 micron is 10 %

600 micron is 10 %

700 micron is 10 %

1.18 mm is 10 %


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4. Ceramic BeadsGlass/ceramic beads is a grinding media. Type of ceramic beads :

- Grinding media type P31

The grinding media type P31 is made of Fused ZirconiumSilicate Beads - fused ZrSi beads -produced by fusion method which gives excellent internal crystal structure properties to the beads. Withits smooth surface, excellent hardness and impact strength, the P31 ZrSi media is one of the idealgrinding media for high speed stirred mills.

Especially recommended for fine grinding of zirconia silicate, alumina powder, TiO2, high classpaints, inks and coatings in high speed mills. It can be also used as sand-blasting media for metalpolishing.

Technical specification :Chemical Composition : ZrO2 : min. 65%

SiO2 : min. 30%Other : 5

Real specific weight (kg/dmc) : 3.90

Bulk density (kg/dmc) : 2.35Hardness (Mohs) : 8Roundness (%) : >90Recomm. Disc speed (m/s) : 13 max.Sizes available, dia. (mm) : from 0.2 mm to 3.0 mmPackaging : 20/25 kg net in plastic drum, 20/25 kg net in PP-bag

Or in big bags of 500 or 1000 kg net.

- Grinding media type P32The grinding media type P32 is made ofSintered ZirconiumSilicate Beads - sintered ZrSi beads -

produced by novel Colloidal Injection Moulding method which gives excellent internal crystal structureand fine crystalline grain size to the beads. With its smooth surface, moderate hardness and excellentimpact strength, the P32 ZrSi media is one of the ideal grinding media for ultra fine grinding in high

speed stirred mills.

Especially recommended for fine grinding of engineering ceramics, zirconia silicate, alumina powder,TiO2, high class paints, inks and coatings in high speed mills. It can be also used as sand-blasting mediafor metal polishing.


SiO2 : min. 30 %Other : 5

Real specific weight (kg/dmc) : 3.96Bulk density (kg/dmc) : 2.35Hardness (Mohs) : >7.2Roundness (%) : >90Recomm. Disc speed (m/s) : 13 max.Sizes available, dia. (mm) : from 0.2 mm to 3.5 mmPackaging : 20/25 kg net in plastic drum, 20/25 kg net in PP-bag

Or in big bags of 500 or 1000 kg net.


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- Grinding media P33The grinding media type P33 is made of 85% Stabilized Zirconia Beads, which features high

density, toughness and super hardness, enabling to achieve superior grinding efficiencies compared withother conventional lower density grinding media.

The high wear-resistant property of the P33 grinding media makes it effectively to eliminate productcontamination and substantially lengthen media life. These special features make the P33 grindingmedia especially suitable for sensitive products and critical applications. The P33 grinding media arewidely used for high viscosity, wet grinding and dispersion.


Al2O3 : min. 10%Y2O3+others : 5

Real specific weight (kg/dm3) : 5.85Bulk density (kg/dm3) : 3.4 3.6Hardness (HV) : min. 1100kg/mm2Roundness (%) : min. 90

Fracture Toughness : min. 7Mpa m

1/2

Bending Strength : min. 100 Mpa

Grain Size : max. 0.8 mWater absorbtion : 0Sizes available, dia. (mm) : from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm.

Size of 3 mm and over are produces by CIP method.Special request could be met based on order.

Packaging : 20/25 kg net in plastic drum, 20/25 kg net in PP-bagOr in big bags of 500 or 1000 kg net.

Documents

Filter Mesh