FILTER DIGITALFILTER DIGITALLANJUTLANJUT

Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)

Disain prosedure: Menggunakan formula disain untuk analog

yaitu penentuan pole dan zero padaButterworth, Chebyshev dan Elliptic

Formula transformasi bidang frekuensi Transformasi bilinier, dg pemetaan pole

pada bidang-s ke pole bidang-z

LPF DigitalLPF Digital dandan AnalogAnalog

KeuntunganKeuntungan Digital FilterDigital Filter

Stabil thd Panas: Perubahan temperatur padaR,C dan L tidak terjadi, karena menggunakanAdders, multipliers, dan sift registers

Presisi: akurasi, stabilitas, respons frekw.dgmenggunakan processor register.

Mudah Penyesuaian: dapat lebih tepat dandapat diprogram sesuai kebutuhan

Kelipatan: dapat dilipatkan untuk mendapatkanrangkaian yang lebih efisien.

KerugianKerugian Digital FilterDigital Filter

Bandwidth terbatas: dengan hasil prosessampling dari analog ke digital (A/Dconverter), bandwidth signal terbatassetengah dari frekuensi sampling.

Keterbatasan register: implementasisistem waktu diskrit pada perangkat kerasdengan penggunaan khusus terjadipenurunan performance, karenaterbatasnya jumlah bit.

SistemSistem WaktuWaktu DiskritDiskrit

FungsiFungsi TransferTransfer ordeorde--NN

Inverse Z-tranforms

LowpassLowpass Butterworth FiltersButterworth Filters

ResponsRespons FrekuensiFrekuensi

AnalogAnalog LowpassLowpass ChebyshevChebyshevFilterFilter

AnalogAnalog LowpassLowpass Elliptic FilterElliptic Filter

TransformasiTransformasi BandBand FrekuensiFrekuensi

Design normalizedanalog filter of

order N

Perform Freq. BandTransformationanalog to analog

Digitizefilter

DesiredDigitalFilter

Design normalizedanalog filter of

order N

Perform Freq. BandTransformationanalog to analog

Digitizefilter

DesiredDigitalFilter

TransformasiTransformasi BilinierBilinier

PemetaanFrekuensi daritransformasi

bilinier

DigitalDigital LowpassLowpass FilterFilter DisainDisain

LowpassLowpass transfer functiontransfer function

LPF First orderLPF First order

Butterworth Low Pass FilterButterworth Low Pass Filter

fp fs

fp = 500 Hzfs = 750 Hz

Ap

As

Ap = 0.1737 dBAs = 40 dB

SS--plane Poleplane Pole dandan ZeroZero

1 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.1564345 0.9876885No. Real Imaginary Real Imaginary

Zero Pole

2 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.4539906 0.89100653 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.7071068 0.70710674 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.8910066 0.45399055 0.00000 0.00000 - 0.9876884 0.1564344

1 -1.0000 0.00000 + 0.1370099 + 0.844767No. Real Imaginary Real Imaginary

Zero Pole

2 -1.0000 0.00000 + 0.1092149 + 0.6074743 -1.0000 0.00000 + 0.0931414 + 0.4111434 -1.0000 0.00000 + 0.0841441 + 0.2384715 -1.0000 0.00000 + 0.0800774 + 0.078200

Z-plane Pole dan Zero

KoefisienKoefisien ordeorde 22

1 2.00000 1.00000 - 0.2740197 0.7324039Stage A1 A2 B1 B2

Numerator Denominator

2 2.00000 1.00000 - 0.2184297 0.38095283 2.00000 1.00000 - 0.1862828 0.17771394 2.00000 1.00000 - 0.1682881 0.06394865 2.00000 1.00000 - 0.1601547 0.0125276

IIR NORMALIZING FACTOR : C0 = 0.00125STAGE 1 NORMALIZING FACTOR: C1 = 0.11360STAGE 2 NORMALIZING FACTOR: C2 = 0.25799STAGE 3 NORMALIZING FACTOR: C3 = 0.32522STAGE 4 NORMALIZING FACTOR: C4 = 0.36908STAGE 5 NORMALIZING FACTOR: C5 = 0.35624

Frequency ResponseFrequency Response

(100)

(90)

(80)

(70)

(60)

(50)

(40)

(30)

(20)

(10)

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0

100

200

300

400

500

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950

1100

BukuBuku ReferensiReferensi

Digital Signal ProcessingA System Design Approach By:David J DefattaJosepth G LucasWilliam S Hodkins

Digital Signal ProcessingPrinciples, Algorithms & ApplicationBy: John G Proakis

Dimitris G Monolokis

CorrelationCorrelation

Correlation is a maximum when two signalsCorrelation is a maximum when two signalsare similar in shape, and are in phaseare similar in shape, and are in phase(or '(or 'unshiftedunshifted' with respect to each other).' with respect to each other).

Three different types of signalThree different types of signal

AutocorrelationAutocorrelation

Cross correlationCross correlationto identify a signalto identify a signal

ConvolutionConvolution

If one signal is symmetric, convolutionIf one signal is symmetric, convolutionand correlation are identicaland correlation are identical

Fourier TransformsFourier Transforms

FIRFIR

FIR design by the windowFIR design by the window

IIRIIR

The Z TransformThe Z Transform

Poles and ZeroesPoles and Zeroes