Fill in the Blank Questions

1.An __information system__ is an arrangement of people, data, processes, and information technology that interact to support and improve day-to-day operations in a business as well as support the problem-solving and decision making needs of management and users.

2.__information technology__ is a contemporary term that describes a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications technology.

3.A __stakeholder__ is any person who has an interest in an existing or new information system. They can be technical or non-technical workers.

4.__system users _ actually use the system to perform or support the work to be completed. They define the business requirements and performance expectations for the system to be built.

5.__system designers__ design the system to meet the users' requirements.

6.__system builders__ construct, test and deliver an information system into operation.

7.The term __information worker__ was coined to describe those people whose jobs involve the creation, collection, processing, distribution and use of information.

8.__system owners___ are the information system's sponsors and chief advocates. They are usually responsible for funding the project to develop, operate and maintain the information system.

9.__system users__ are the people who use or are affected by the information system on a regular basis, capturing, validating, entering, responding to, storing, and exchanging data and information.

10.__systems analysis___ is the study of a business problem domain to recommend improvements and specify the business requirements for the solution.

Answer: Systems analysis Page: 32 LOD: Medium

11._____________________________ is the specification or construction of a technical, computer-based solution for the business requirements identified in a systems analysis.

Answer: Systems Design Page: 33 LOD: Medium

12.A ______________________________ studies the problems and needs of an organization to determine how people, data, processes, communications, and information technology can best accomplish improvements for the business.

Answer: systems analyst Page: 11 LOD: Medium

13.__Total Quality Management__ is a comprehensive approach to facilitating quality improvements and management within a business and its products and services.

Answer: Total Quality Management (TQM) Page: 21 LOD: Easy

14.____________________________________________ is the study, analysis and redesign of fundamental business processes to reduce costs and/or improve value added to the business.

Answer: business process redesign (BPR) Page: 22 LOD: Medium

15.________________________________________ is the continuous monitoring of business processes to effect small but measurable improves in cost reduction and value added.

Answer: Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Page: 21 LOD: Medium

16.An _____________________________________ software product is a fully-integrated information system that spans most basic business functions required by a major corporation.

Answer: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Page: 26 LOD: Medium

17.___________________________________ involves conducting both internal and external business over the Internet, intranets, and extranets. It includes the buying and selling of goods and services, the transfer of funds, and the simplification of day-to-day business processes through the use of digital communications.

Answer: Electronic Commerce or E-commerce Page: 28 LOD: Medium

18.____________________________ is a personal character trait in which an individual understands the difference between "right" and "wrong" and acts accordingly.

Answer: Ethics Page: 15 LOD: Medium

19._____________ is the flow of transactions through business processes to ensure appropriate checks and approvals are implemented.

Answer: work flow Page: 54 LOD: Medium

21._______________________________ are technical designs that document how system users are to interact with a system and how a system interacts with other systems.

Answer: interface specifications Page: 57 LOD: Medium

22.______________________________________ are a specification of how the user moves from window to window or page to page.

Answer: user dialogue Page: 57 LOD: Medium

23.__________________________________ are a representation of users' data in terms of entities, attributes, relationships and rules. They should be expressed in a format that is independent of the technology that can or will be used to store the data.

Answer: data requirements Page: 50 LOD: Medium

24.____________________________________ are ongoing activities that support the business and can be decomposed into other sub-functions and eventually into processes that do specific tasks.

Answer: Business Functions Page: 51 LOD: Hard

25.Today's best-designed information systems tend to separate the building blocks and force them to communicate across the network. This is called a ______________________________.

Answer: clean layering approach Page: 59 LOD: Medium

26.______________________________________ are a representation of the users' business requirements in terms of activities, data flows and work flow.

Answer: Process requirements Page: 52 LOD: Medium

27.A(n) _____________________ is a set of rules that govern a business process.

Answer: policy Page: 52 LOD: Easy

28.A(n) ___________________________ is a step-by-step set of instructions and logic for accomplishing a business process.

Answer: procedure Page: 52 LOD: Medium

29.________________________________________ represent the technical design of business processes to be automated or supported by computer programs to be written by system builders.

Answer: software specifications Page: 54 LOD: Medium

30.________________________________ is a layer of utility software that sits between application software and systems software to transparently integrate differing technologies so that they can interoperate.

Answer: Middleware Page: 58 LOD: Medium

31.Through _____________ data is refined to produce information.

Answer: processing Page: 47 LOD: Medium

32.The ________________ approach to development completes enough analysis, design, and implementation to fully develop a part of the new system and place it into operation as quickly as possible.

Answer: iterative Page: 89-92 LOD: Easy

33.A modeling technique that attempts to merge data and process concerns is called _______________________

Answer: object modeling Page: 97 LOD: Medium

34.A(n) _________________________ is a new requirement that is imposed by management or some external influence.

Answer: directive Page: 77 LOD: Medium

35.List the components of the PIECES framework

Answer: performance; information and data; economics or control costs; control and security; efficiency; service Page: 78 LOD: Hard

36.________________ is defined as the result obtained by striking a balance between the cost of developing and operating a system, and the benefits derived from that system.

Answer: Cost effectiveness Page: 75 LOD: Medium

37.________________ is the ongoing maintenance of a system after it has been placed into operation.

Answer: Systems support Page: 88 LOD: Medium

38.Activities that overlap many or all phases of the methodology are called ________________.

Answer: cross life cycle activities Page: 88 LOD: Hard

39.System development documentation is stored in a _____________________.

Answer: repository Page: 89 LOD: Hard

40.A(n) ______________________________________ is a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables, and automated tools that stakeholders use to develop and maintain information systems and software.

Answer: systems development process Page: 68 LOD: Medium

41.A _________________________________________ is a contract with management and the user community to develop or enhance an information system, specifying vision, scope, constraints, user requirements, schedule, and budget.

Answer: Statement of Work

42.The _______________________________________ is a framework to assess the maturity level of an organization's information systems development and management processes and products.

Answer: Capability Maturity Model (CMM) Page: 69 LOD: Hard

43.A(n) _____________________________ divides the life of an information system into two stages: systems development and systems operation and support.

Answer: system life cycle Page: 70 LOD: Medium

44.A(n) ___________________________________ is a very formal and precise system development process that defines a set of activities, methods, best practices, deliverables and automated tools for system developers and project managers to use to develop and maintain most or all information systems and software.

Answer: systems development methodology Page: 70 LOD: Medium

45.With the _______________________________ approach to systems development, multiple feasibility checkpoints are built into any systems development methodology. At each feasibility checkpoint, all costs are considered sunk (i.e., not recoverable). Thus, the project should be re-evaluated at each checkpoint to determine if it remains feasible to continue investing time, effort and resources.

Answer: creeping commitment Page: 75 LOD: Medium

46._________________________________ asks the question: Does the staff have the technical expertise to design and build the solution?

Answer: Technical Feasibility Page: 85 LOD: Medium

47._________________________________ asks the question: Is the solution cost-effective such that the benefits outweigh the costs?

Answer: Economic Feasibility Page: 85 LOD: Medium

48.________________________________ asks the question: Can the solution be designed and implemented within an acceptable time period?

Answer: Schedule Feasibility Page: 85 LOD: Medium

49.__________________________________ activities are activities that overlap many or all phases of the methodology.

Answer: cross-life cycle Page: 88 LOD: Hard

50.________________________ is the formal process of using research, interviews, meetings, questionnaires, sampling and other techniques to collect information about systems, requirements and preferences.

Answer: fact-finding or information gathering or data collection Page: 88 LOD: Hard

51._______________________________ is the activity of communicating findings, recommendations, and documentation for review by interested users and managers. It may be written or verbal.

Answer: presentation Page: 89 LOD: Hard

52.____________________________ is the measure of how beneficial the development of an information system would be to an organization.

Answer: Feasibility Page: 89 LOD: Medium

53.________________________________________ techniques emphasize the drawing of models to help visualize and analyze problems, define business requirements, and design information systems.

Answer: Model-driven development Page: 94 LOD: Hard

54.____________________________________ techniques emphasize extensive user involvement in the rapid and evolutionary construction of work prototypes of a system to accelerate the system development process. It is sometimes called a spiral approach because you repeatedly spiral through the phases to construct a system in various degrees of completeness and complexity.

Answer: Rapid Application Development (RAD) Page: 98 LOD: Hard

55.A(n) _____________________________ is a small-scale, representative or working model of users' requirements or a proposed system design for an information system.

Answer: prototype Page: 98 LOD: Medium

56.A(n) __________________________________ software package is a fully integrated collection of information systems that span most basic business functions required by a major corporation. These systems include accounting and finances, human resources, sales and procurement, inventory management, production planning and control, and so on.

Answer: enterprise resource planning (ERP) Page: 100 LOD: Hard

57.___________________________________________ are software programs that automate or support the drawing and analysis of system models and provide for the translation of system models into application programs.

Answer: Computer aided systems engineering (CASE) Page: 108 LOD: Hard

58.A(n) _____________________________ is a system developers' database. It is a place where developers can store models, detailed descriptions and specifications and other parts of systems development. Synonyms include dictionary and encyclopedia.

Answer: CASE repository Page: 108 LOD: Hard

59.____________________________________ requires the systems analyst to draw system models either from scratch or from templates. The resulting models are then automatically transformed into program code.

Answer: Forward Engineering Page: 108 LOD: Hard

60.____________________________________ allows a CASE tool to read existing program code and transform that code into a representative system model that can be edited and refined by the systems analyst.

Answer: Reverse Engineering Page: 108 LOD: Hard

61.__________________________________________ are integrated software development tools that provide all the facilities necessary to develop new application software with maximum speed and quality.

Answer: Application Development Environment (ADE) or Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Page: 109 LOD: Hard

62.________________ is the unexpected growth of user expectations and business requirements for an information system as the project progresses.

Answer: Scope creep Page: 122 LOD: Medium

63.List the basic functions of a project manager.

Answer: Scoping the project, Planning project tasks and staffing the project team; Estimating task requirements from time, resource and skills points of view; Organizing and scheduling the project effort; Directing and controlling the project; Closing and evaluating the project at its conclusion Page: 124-125 LOD: Medium

64.________________ is a graphical model that depicts a project as a series of events and milestones that are dependent on one another.

Answer: PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique) Page: 125 LOD: Medium

65.________________ is the uncontrolled addition of technical features to a system under development without regard to schedule and budget.

Answer: Feature creep Page: 122 LOD: Medium

66.________________ is an ongoing activity that documents, manages the use of and improves an organization's chosen methodology for systems development. It is concerned with the activities, deliverables, and quality standards to be applied to all projects.

Answer: Process management Page: 121 LOD: Medium

67.A ________________ is a hierarchical decomposition of the project into phases, activities, and tasks.

Answer: work breakdown structure Page: 130 LOD: Medium

68.________________ are events that signify major accomplishments or events during a project.

Answer: Milestones Page: 132 LOD: Easy

69.The ________________ available for any task is equal to the difference between the earliest and latest completion times.

Answer: slack time Page: 138 LOD: Medium

70.________________ stands for project evaluation and review technique.

Answer: PERT Page: 125 LOD: Easy

71.________________ establishes a project start date and then schedules forward from that date.

Answer: Forward scheduling Page: 135 LOD: Hard

72.What are the four types of intertask dependencies that determine the start or completion of tasks?

Answer: Finish to Start (the finish of one task triggers the start of another task); Start to Start (the start of one task triggers the start of another task); Finish to Finish (two tasks must finish at the same time); and Start to Finish (the start of one task signifies the finish of another task). Page: 134 LOD: Hard

73.The project management causes of ___________________________ include shortcuts taken during the project, expectations mismanagement, lack of or unreasonably precise targets, poor estimating techniques, budget overruns, missed schedules, and lack of management and leadership.

Answer: failed projects Page: 122-123 LOD: Easy

74._________________ is a strategy for correcting resource overallocations.

Answer: resource leveling Page: 138 LOD: Easy

75.A project is considered ______________________ if, (1) the resulting information system is acceptable to the customer; (2) the system was delivered on time; (3) the system was within budget; and (4) the system development process had a minimal impact on ongoing business operations.

Answer: successful Page: 121 LOD: Medium

76.A ________________________ is a simple horizontal bar chart that depicts project tasks against a calendar.

Answer: Gantt chart Page: 125 LOD: Easy

77._____________________ defines the boundaries of a project.

Answer: Scope Page: 130 LOD: Medium

78.________________________ identifies the required tasks to complete the project based on the project goal.

Answer: Planning Page: 124 LOD: Medium

79.A _____________________________ must demonstrate people management skills to coordinate, delegate, motivate, advise, appraise, and reward team members.

Answer: project manager Page: 125 LOD: Medium

80.PERT charts were developed to make clear the _____________________ between project tasks before those tasks are scheduled.

Answer: interdependence Page: 125 LOD: Medium

81.____________________________ is a strategy wherein all project stakeholders participate in a short duration project management workshop, which results in a consensus agreement on the project scope, schedule, resources, and budget.

Answer: Joint project planning (JPP) Page: 127 LOD: Hard

82._______________________________ is the estimated minimum amount of time needed to complete a task.

Answer: Optimistic duration Page: 133 LOD: Hard

83.________________________ measures the actual amount of time that it takes to complete a task, taking into account that workers cannot possibly perform at 100% efficiency, and that interruptions increases the amount of time it takes from start to finish to complete a task.

Answer: Elapsed time Page: 133 LOD: Medium

84.The __________________________________ is the sequence of dependent tasks that determines the largest sum of most likely durations.

Answer: critical path Page: 138 LOD: Medium

85.The ____________________________________ available for any non-critical task is the amount of delay that can be tolerated between the starting time and completion time of a task without causing a delay in the completion date of the entire project.

Answer: slack time Page: 138 LOD: Medium

86.Give some reasons for project changes.

Answer: (1) an omission occurred in the initial scope definition; (2) a misunderstanding occurred in the initial scope definition whereby the desired product is actually more complicated than originally communicated or perceived; (3) external events such as government regulations create new requirements; (4) organizational changes, such as mergers, acquisitions and partnerships that create new business problems and opportunities. Page: 142 LOD: Hard

87.A(n) __________________________________________ is a tool for helping management understand the dynamics and impact of changing project parameters such as cost, schedule, scope and quality.

Answer: expectations management matrix Page: 143 LOD: Medium

88.____________________________ is a complementary problem solving technique to systems analysis that reassembles a system's component pieces into a (hopefully improved) complete system.

Answer: Systems design Page: 160 LOD: Medium

89._________________________________ is defined as those development phases in a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.

Answer: Information systems analysis Page: 160 LOD: Medium

90.A(n) __________________________ is a location (or set of locations) where systems analysts, systems designers and system builders keep the documentation associated with one or more systems or projects.

Answer: repository Page: 160 LOD: Hard

91.___________________________ and ____________________________ are examples of traditional approaches to systems analysis.

Answer: Structured analysis and information engineering Page: 162-163 LOD: Hard

92.The processes of an object are called _____________.

Answer: methods Page: 163 LOD: Hard

93._______________________________________ is a model-driven technique that integrates data and process concerns.

Answer: Objected oriented analysis (OOA) Page: 163 LOD: Hard

94._________________________________ approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system.

Answer: Accelerated analysis Page: 163 LOD: Hard

95.__________________________________ is used to identify the user's business requirements by having them react to a quick and dirty implementation of those requirements.

Answer: Discovery prototyping Page: 164 LOD: Hard

96.____________________________________ technology reads the program code for an existing database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model.

Answer: Reverse engineering Page: 165 LOD: Medium

97._________________________ is a classical set of techniques used to collect information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements and priorities.

Answer: Fact finding Page: 165 LOD: Hard

98.________________________________ techniques use facilitated workshops to bring together all the system owners, system users, systems analysts and some systems designers and builders to jointly perform systems analysis.

Answer: Joint requirements planning (JRP) Page: 166 LOD: Medium

99.Joint requirements planning (JRP) is considered a part of ____________________________________________ which is a more comprehensive application of the techniques to the entire system development process.

Answer: Joint application development (JAD) Page: 166 LOD: Hard

100._______________________________________ is the application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of information technology.

Answer: Business process redesign Page: 166 LOD: Medium

101.The _________________________________________looks at the question "Is this project work looking at?"

Answer: scope definition phase Page: 167 LOD: Medium

102.The context for the scope definition phase is primarily concerned with the ________________________________________ perspectives.

Answer: system owners' Page: 167 LOD: Medium

103.A __________________________________ defines the project scope, plan, methodology, and standards for a project. It is the first major milestone.

Answer: project charter Page: 174 LOD: Medium

104._____________________ involve the integration of various approaches of systems analysis and design as deemed appropriate to the problem being solved.

Answer: agile methods Page: 166 LOD: Medium

105.In the scope definition phase, _____________________________ is used to represent what time frame the problem needs to be solved or the opportunity or directive to be realized.

Answer: urgency Page: 170 LOD: Medium

106.In the scope definition phase, __________________________ is used to assess the degree to which a project solution or new system would be visible to customers and/or executive management.

Answer: visibility Page: 170 LOD: Hard

107.In the scope definition phase, _________________________ are measured in terms of how a new system could increase annual revenues, or reduce annual costs.

Answer: benefits Page: 170 LOD: Medium

108.A _____________ is a business scenario or event for which the system must provide a define response.

Answer: use case Page: 188 LOD: Medium

109.A _________________ requirement is one that does not have to be included in version 1.0.

Answer: desirable Page: 188 LOD: Medium

110.__________________________ defines the boundary of the project those aspects of the business that will and will not be included. Scope can change during the life cycle of a project, however, the initial project plan needs to establish the preliminary scope to provide a context for the budget and schedule.

Answer: Scope Page: 169 LOD: Medium

111.A(n) __________________________________ is a committee of executive business and system managers that studies and prioritizes competing project proposals to determine which projects will return the most value to the organization and thus should be approved for continued system development.

Answer: steering body Page: 173 LOD: Medium

112.The _____________________________phase is best described by the statement, "Don't try to fix it unless you understand it."

Answer: problem analysis Page: 174 LOD: Hard

113.The _____________________________phase typically includes the following tasks: (1) study the problem domain; (2) analyze problems and opportunities; (3) analyze business processes; (4) establish system improvement objectives; (5) update the project plan; (6) present findings and recommendations.

Answer: problem analysis Page: 175 LOD: Medium

114.___________________________________ analysis leads to true understanding of problems and can lead to not so obvious, but more creative and valuable solutions.

Answer: Cause-and-effect Page: 180 LOD: Hard

115._________________________________ fall into four categories: schedule; cost; technology; and policy.

Answer: Constraints Page: 183 LOD: Medium

116.The deliverable for the ______________________________ phase is the completion of an updated project plan, including problem analyses, any system models, the system improvement objectives, and any other documentation that was produced during this phase.

Answer: problem analysis Page: 183 LOD: Hard

117.The ___________________________________ phase, comes after the problem analysis phase, and defines the business requirements for a new system.

Answer: requirements analysis Page: 185s LOD: Medium

118.The _____________________________________ phase typically includes prioritizing system requirements.

Answer: requirements analysis Page: 185 LOD: Medium

119.A ________________________________ is a description of activities and services a system must provide.

Answer: functional requirement Page: 185 LOD: Medium

120.A _________________________________ is a description of other features, characteristics and constraints that define a satisfactory system.

Answer: nonfunctional requirement Page: 185 LOD: Medium

121._______________ is a technique that delivers the information system in multiple versions.

Answer: timeboxing Page: 188 LOD: Medium

122.A __________________________________ at a high level how the system interacts with the world.

Answer: context diagram Page: 178 LOD: Easy

123.One approach to logical design is to structure ___________________________ solutions.

Answer: structure the functional requirements. Page: 191 LOD: Hard

124.All systems documentation is kept in a _________________________.

Answer: repository Page: 160 LOD: Medium

125.__________________________________ is a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose.

Answer: Systems analysis Page: 160 LOD: Medium

126.__________________________________ includes those techniques to be used by systems analysts to identify or extract system problems and solution requirements from the user community.

Answer: Requirements discovery Page: 208 LOD: Medium

127.A(n) ____________________________________ is a description of the needs and desires for an information system. A requirement may describe functions, features (attributes), and constraints.

Answer: system requirement Page: 208 LOD: Medium

128._____________________________________ define the services the system is to provide and prescribe constraints for its operation.

Answer: System requirements Page: 208 LOD: Medium

129.A(n) _____________________________________ is something the information system do.

Answer: functional requirement Page: 208 LOD: Medium

130.A(n) ____________________________________________ specifies a property or characteristic of a system.

Answer: nonfunctional requirement Page: 208 LOD: Medium

131._______________________________ should meet the following criteria: consistent; complete; feasible; required; accurate; traceable; and verifiable.

Answer: system requirements Page: 210 LOD: Medium

132.The ________________________________ is often referred to as a cause-and-effect diagram or a fishbone diagram.

Answer: Ishikawa diagram Page: 211 LOD: Medium

133.__________________________________ is the formal process of using research, interviews, questionnaires, sampling and other techniques to collect information about problems, requirements, and preferences.

Answer: Fact-finding or information gathering Page: 212 LOD: Medium

134.A(n) ________________________ should consist of the following: (1) functions and services that the system should provide; (2) nonfunctional requirements including the system's features, characteristics, and attributes; (3) constraints that restrict the development of the system or under which the system must operate; and (4) information about other systems the system must operate.

Answer: requirements document Page: 214 LOD: Hard

135._____________________________________ is the process of managing change to the requirements.

Answer: Requirements management Page: 214-215 LOD: Medium

136.__________________________________ is the process of collecting a representative sample of documents, forms and records.

Answer: Sampling Page: 216 LOD: Medium

137.___________________________________ is a sampling technique that attempts to reduce the variance of the estimates by spreading out the sampling and by avoiding very high or low estimates.

Answer: Stratification Page: 217 LOD: Hard

138._____________________________________ is a fact-finding technique wherein the systems analyst either participates in or watches a person perform activities to learn about the system.

Answer: Observation Page: 218 LOD: Medium

139.________________________________________ are special-purpose documents that allow the analyst to collect information and opinions from respondents.

Answer: Questionnaires Page: 220 LOD: Medium

140.A(n) __________________________ questionnaire offers the respondent greater latitude in the answer.

Answer: free-format Page: 221 LOD: Hard

141.A(n) ____________________________ question allows an interviewee to respond in any way that seems appropriate.

Answer: open-ended Page: 223 LOD: Hard

142._____________________________ is the key to a successful interview.

Answer: preparation Page: 224 LOD: Hard

143.A(n) _____________________________ is a checklist of specific questions the interviewer will ask the interviewee.

Answer: interview guide Page: 224 LOD: Medium

144.A _______________________________ document is a formal document that communicates the requirements of a proposed system.

Answer: requirements definition Page: 213 LOD: Medium

145.A(n) ___________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of a questionnaire is that the analyst cannot observe and analyze the body language of the respondent.

Answer: disadvantage Page: 249 LOD: Medium

146.A(n) _________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of a questionnaire is that there is no immediate opportunity to clarify a vague or incomplete answer to any question.

Answer: disadvantage Page: 249 LOD: Medium

147.____________________________ are a fact-finding technique whereby the systems analysts collect information from individuals through face-to-face interaction.

Answer: Interviews Page: 250 LOD: Medium

148.A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of an interview is that it gives the analyst an opportunity to motivate the interviewee to respond freely and openly to questions.

Answer: advantage Page: 251 LOD: Medium

149.A(n) _________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of interviews is that they allow the analyst to probe for more feedback from the interviewee.

Answer: advantage Page: 251 LOD: Medium

150.A(n) ________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of an interview is that it gives the analyst the opportunity to observe the interviewee's non-verbal communication.

Answer: advantage Page: 251 LOD: Medium

151.A(n) ____________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of interviewing is that it is time-consuming, and therefore a costly fact-finding approach.

Answer: disadvantage Page: 251 LOD: Medium

152.A(n) _____________________________ (advantage or disadvantage) of interviewing is that it may be impractical due to the location of the interviewees.

Answer: disadvantage Page: 251 LOD: Medium

153._______________________________ are conducted with only a general goal or subject in mind, and with few, if any, specific, questions. The interviewer counts on the interviewee to provide a framework and direct the conversation.

Answer: Unstructured interviews Page: 251 LOD: Medium

154.In __________________________________, the interviewer has a specific set of questions to ask the interviewee.

Answer: structured interviews Page: 251 LOD: Medium

158._______________________ is the nonverbal communication that we all communicate and are usually unaware of.

Answer: Body language Page: 227 LOD: Medium

159.___________________________ is the relationship between people and the space around them. It is a factor in communications that can be controlled by the knowledgeable analyst.

Answer: Proxemics Page: 228 LOD: Hard

160.The recommended first step in fact-finding is to ________________________________.

Answer: Learn from existing documents Page: 235 LOD: Hard

152.____________________________ is a fact-finding technique that suffers from a low response rate.

Answer: questionnaires Page: 221 LOD: Medium

153._________________________ is a fact-finding technique that allows users and developers to experiment with the software.

Answer: discovery prototyping Page: 229 LOD: Hard

154._________________ is a fact-finding technique that brings stakeholders together for a group meeting.

Answer: JRP Page: 229 LOD: Medium

155.Discovery prototyping is that it aids in the building of system ________________ and scenarios to be used last in the system testing process.

Answer: test plans Page: 229 LOD: Medium

156.________________________ is a fact-finding technique that allows information to be gathered relatively inexpensively from a large number of individuals.

Answer: questionnaires Page: 221 LOD: Medium

157.It is least costly to get requirements right during the ___________________ phase.

Answer: requirements Page: 210 LOD: Medium

158.____________________________________ is a fact-finding technique that employs searching trade journals and the web for information on how other organizations have solved similar problems.

Answer: research and site visits Page: 217 LOD: Medium

159._______________________________ involves a large number of observations taken at random intervals.

Answer: work sampling Page: 220 LOD: Medium

160.____________________________________ is a process whereby highly structured group meetings are conducted to analyze problems and define requirements. It is a subset of a more comprehensive technique that encompasses the entire development process.

Answer: Joint requirements planning (JRP) Page: 229 LOD: Hard

162.The JRP _____________________ serves as the leader for the JRP sessions.

Answer: facilitator Page: 230 LOD: Medium

163.A JRP ___________________ is responsible for keeping records pertaining to everything discussed in the JRP meeting.

Answer: scribe Page: 231 LOD: Medium

165._______________________ requirements are ones that are defined so that they can be demonstrated during testing.

Answer: verifiable Page: 210 LOD: Hard

166._______________________ requirements are ones that describe all possible system inputs and responses.

Answer: complete Page: 210 LOD: Hard

167._______________________ requirements are ones that are stated correctly.

Answer: accurate Page: 210 LOD: Hard