Figure 30.1 Three variations on gametophyte/sporophyte relationships

Figure 30.2 From ovule to seed

Ch

aro

ph

yc

ean

s

Bry

op

hyt

es

(n

on

vas

cu

lar

pla

nts

)

Se

edle

ss v

as

cula

r p

lan

ts

Gy

mn

os

per

ms

An

gio

sp

erm

s

Figure 30.5c Phylum Ginkgophyta: Ginkgo biloba

Figure 30.6 Phylum Cycadophyta: cycads

Figure 30.7c Phylum Gnetophyta: Ephedra

Figure 30.8b Phylum Coniferophyta: Sequoia

Figure 30.9 The life cycle of a pine (Layer 3)

Figure 30.10 A closer look at pine cones (Pinus sp.)

Ch

aro

ph

yce

ans

Bry

oph

yte

s (n

onv

asc

ula

r pl

ant

s)

Se

edle

ss v

asc

ula

r pl

ant

s

Gym

no

spe

rms

An

gio

spe

rms

Figure 30.11 Representatives of major angiosperm clades

Figure 30.12 Xylem cells in angiosperms

Figure 30.13a The structure of a flower

Figure 30.15 Relationship between a pea flower and a fruit (pea pod)

Figure 30.16 Fruit adaptations that enhance seed dispersal: Red berries (left), dandelion (right)

Table 30.1 Classification of Fleshy Fruits

Figure 30.17 The life cycle of an angiosperm

Amborella trichopoda Water lily (Nymphaea “Rene Gerard”)

Star anise (Illicium floridanum)

BASAL ANGIOSPERMS

HYPOTHETICAL TREE OF FLOWERING PLANTS

MAGNOLIIDS

Am

bo

rell

a

Wat

er l

ilie

s

Sta

r an

ise

and

rel

ativ

es

Mag

no

liid

s

Mo

no

co

ts

Eu

dic

ots

Southern magnolia (Magnoliagrandiflora)

Orchid(Lemboglossumrossii)

MonocotCharacteristics

Embryos

Leafvenation

Stems

Root

Pollen

Flowers

Pollen grain withone opening

Root systemUsually fibrous(no main root)

Vascular tissuescattered

Veins usuallyparallel

One cotyledon Two cotyledons

Veins usuallynetlike

Vascular tissueusually arranged

in ring

Taproot (main root)usually present

Pollen grain withthree openings

Zucchini (CucurbitaPepo), female(left) and male flowers

Pea (Lathyrus nervosus,Lord Anson’s blue pea),a legume

Dog rose (Rosa canina), a wild rose

Pygmy date palm (Phoenix roebelenii)

Lily (Lilium“Enchant-ment”)

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a grass

Anther

Stigma

Californiapoppy(Eschscholziacalifornica)

Pyrenean oak(Quercuspyrenaica)

Floral organsusually in

multiples of three

Floral organs usuallyin multiples of

four or fiveFilament Ovary

EudicotCharacteristics

MONOCOTS EUDICOTS

Figure 30.18 Flower-pollinator relationships: Scottish broom flower and honeybee (left), hummingbird (top right), baobab tree and bat (bottom right)

Table 30.2 A Sampling of Medicines Derived from Plants