The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Figure 11.1: Labor market effects of migration in the source country

Wage S’ S A WO‒M B D WO C E Labor demand LO‒M LO Labor M

The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Table 11.1: Emigration rates (per one hundred population) by education for richest and poorest countries, 2010

Education levelCountry Overall Low Middle HighWorld 1.91 1.40 1.29 5.31Richest:Qatar 0.18 0.07 0.08 0.68Singapore 3.28 1.82 1.20 10.30Norway 3.81 3.34 2.97 5.33United States 0.46 1.94 0.27 0.53Hong Kong 9.56 5.78 3.23 30.02Switzerland 4.51 2.77 3.19 10.59Canada 3.62 5.86 1.74 5.85Australia 2.12 7.98 0.81 3.75Austria 5.65 4.92 3.67 14.35Netherlands 5.16 8.09 2.66 9.62Poorest:Mali 1.40 0.94 6.63 12.57Mozambique 1.47 0.53 14.83 46.37Malawi 0.34 0.17 0.20 35.97Niger 0.08 0.03 0.33 3.32Zimbabwe 2.10 0.93 0.61 55.83Eritrea 2.63 0.98 4.19 42.64Liberia 3.65 0.71 5.19 20.24Republic of the Congo 3.41 2.32 2.10 36.33Burundi 0.35 0.10 1.28 16.51Central African Republic 0.55 0.26 0.76 10.12

The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Figure 11.2: Total worldwide remittances, 1970–2013

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The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Table 11.2: Top twenty-five remittance-receiving countries by level of remittances, 2013

Country In US$ million As a share of GDP (%)India 69,969 3.7%China 60,000 0.7%Philippines 25,351 9.8%France 22,863 0.8%Mexico 22,282 2.0%Nigeria 21,000 7.9%Egypt 17,469 7.5%Pakistan 14,626 6.1%Germany 14,496 0.4%Bangladesh 13,776 12.2%Vietnam 11,000 7.1%Belgium 10,566 2.1%Spain 10,133 0.7%Ukraine 9,633 4.8%South Korea 8,765 0.8%Indonesia 7,614 0.8%Italy 7,536 0.4%Lebanon 7,200 16.1%Poland 7,157 1.4%Russia 6,862 0.3%United States 6,703 0.0%Sri Lanka 6,690 10.1%Morocco 6,619 6.8%Thailand 5,555 1.3%Guatemala 5,399 10.0%

The Economics of Immigration, by Bansak, Simpson & Zavodny ©2015

Table 11.3: Top twenty-five remittance-receiving countries by share of GDP, 2013

Country In US$ million As a share of GDP (%)Tajikistan 3,960 51.9%Kyrgyz Republic 2,290 31.4%Nepal 5,210 24.7%Moldova 1,981 24.6%Samoa 155 23.5%Lesotho 520 22.6%Armenia 2,436 21.4%Haiti 1,696 20.6%Liberia 383 20.4%Kosovo 1,125 17.0%Guyana 493 16.5%El Salvador 4,210 16.5%Lebanon 7,200 16.1%Honduras 3,124 15.8%Gambia 181 15.4%Jamaica 2,277 14.5%Tonga 61 12.6%Bangladesh 13,776 12.2%Jordan 3,680 11.4%Senegal 1,652 11.4%Georgia 2,056 11.2%Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,896 10.8%Sri Lanka 6,690 10.1%Guatemala 5,399 10.0%Philippines 25,351 9.8%