Figure 1–1 Graph of an analog quantity (temperature versus time). Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper

Figure 1–1 Graph of an analog quantity (temperature versus time).

Thomas L. FloydDigital Fundamentals, 9e

Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458

All rights reserved.

Figure 1–2 Sampled-value representation (quantization) of the analog quantity in Figure 1–1. Each value represented by a dot can be digitized by representing it as a digital code that consists of a series of 1s and 0s.




Figure 1–3 A basic audio public address system.




Figure 1–4 Basic block diagram of a CD player. Only one channel is shown.




Figure 1–5 Logic level ranges of voltage for a digital circuit.




Figure 1–6 Ideal pulses.




Figure 1–7 Nonideal pulse characteristics.




Figure 1–8 Examples of digital waveforms.




Figure 1–9




Figure 1–10 Example of a clock waveform synchronized with a waveform representation of a sequence of bits.




Figure 1–11 Example of a timing diagram.




Figure 1–12 Illustration of serial and parallel transfer of binary data. Only the data lines are shown.




Figure 1–13




Figure 1–14




Figure 1–15 The basic logic operations and symbols.




Figure 1–16 The NOT operation.




Figure 1–17 The AND operation.




Figure 1–18 The OR operation.




Figure 1–19 The comparison function.




Figure 1–20 The addition function.




Figure 1–21 An encoder used to encode a calculator keystroke into a binary code for storage or for calculation.




Figure 1–22 A decoder used to convert a special binary code into a 7-segment decimal readout.




Figure 1–23 Illustration of a basic multiplexing/demultiplexing application.




Figure 1–24 Example of the operation of a 4-bit serial shift register. Each block represents one storage “cell” or flip-flop.




Figure 1–25 Example of the operation of a 4-bit parallel shift register.




Figure 1–26 Illustration of basic counter operation.




Figure 1–27 Cutaway view of one type of fixed-function IC package showing the chip mounted inside, with connections to input and output pins.




Figure 1–28 Examples of through-hole and surface-mounted devices. The DIP is larger than the SOIC with the same number of leads. This particular DIP is approximately 0.785 in. long, and the SOIC is approximately 0.385 in. long.




Figure 1–29 Examples of SMT package configurations.




Figure 1–30 Pin numbering for two standard types of IC packages. Top views are shown.




Figure 1–31 Programmable logic.




Figure 1–32 Block diagrams of simple programmable logic devices (SPLDs).




Figure 1–33 Typical SPLD package.




Figure 1–34 General block diagram of a CPLD.




Figure 1–35 Typical CPLD packages.




Figure 1–36 Basic structure of an FPGA.




Figure 1–37 A typical ball-grid array package configuration.




Figure 1–38 Basic configuration for programming a PLD or FPGA.




Figure 1–39 Basic programmable logic design flow block diagram.




Figure 1–40 A typical dual-channel oscilloscope. Used with permission from Tektronix, Inc.




Figure 1–41 Comparison of analog and digital oscilloscopes.




Figure 1–42 Block diagram of an analog oscilloscope.




Figure 1–43 Block diagram of a digital oscilloscope.




Figure 1–44 A typical dual-channel oscilloscope. Numbers below screen indicate the values for each division on the vertical (voltage) and horizontal (time) scales and can be varied using the vertical and horizontal controls on the scope.




Figure 1–45 Comparison of an untriggered and a triggered waveform on an oscilloscope.




Figure 1–46 Displays of the same waveform having a dc component.




Figure 1–47 An oscilloscope voltage probe. Used with permission from Tektronix, Inc.




Figure 1–48 Probe compensation conditions.




Figure 1–49




Figure 1–50 Typical logic analyzer. Used with permission from Tektronix, Inc.




Figure 1–51 Simplified block diagram of a logic analyzer.




Figure 1–52 Two logic analyzer display modes.




Figure 1–53 A typical multichannel logic analyzer probe. Used with permission from Tektronix, Inc.




Figure 1–54 Typical signal generators. Used with permission from Tektronix, Inc.




Figure 1–55 Illustration of how a logic pulser and a logic probe can be used to apply a pulse to a given point and check for resulting pulse activity at another part of the circuit.




Figure 1–56 Typical dc power supplies. Courtesy of B+K Precision.®




Figure 1–57 Typical DMMs. Courtesy of B+K Precision.®




Figure 1–58 Simplified basic block diagram for a tablet-counting and bottling control system.




Figure 1–59




Figure 1–60




Figure 1–61




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Figure 1–63




Figure 1–64




Documents

Figure 1–1 Graph of an analog quantity (temperature versus time). Thomas L. Floyd Digital Fundamentals, 9e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper