Fig.: 7.1 Chapter 7: Ramsteiner, F.: Evaluating Environmental Stress Cracking Restistance. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl

Fig.: 7.1

Chapter 7: Ramsteiner, F.: Evaluating Environmental Stress Cracking Restistance. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich (2013) 2. Edition

Fig.: 7.2


deflection

2 mm

100

N

a

c

b

load

Fig.: 7.3


specimen

medium mass

Fig.: 7.4


radius of curvature r r + B

specimen medium

Fig.: 7.5


specimen medium

borehole ball

Fig.: 7.6


specimen 1 specimen 250

40

30

20

10

0

100

80

60

40

20

0

1234

0 200 400 600

ball oversize (µm) ball oversize (µm)

50

40

30

20

10

0 0 200 400 600

0 200 400 600 0 200 400 600

100

80

60

40

20

0

a b

dc

resi

dua

l str

ain

(%)

resi

dua

l str

engt

h (M

Pa)

resi

dua

l str

ain

(%)

resi

dua

l str

engt

h (M

Pa)

Fig.: 7.7


20

16

12

8

4

01000 1200 1400 1600 1800

E (MPa)

/

0

stor

ed

Fig.: 7.8


(MPa)

25

20

15

10

5

010 12 14 16 18 20

B

time

to

frac

ture

t

(m

in)

B

Fig.: 7.9


specimen

mass

mediuma

0

Fig.: 7.10


K (MPamm )I

1/2

0 25.3 50.6

10-2

10-4

10-6

10-8

1

2

3da

/dt

(m

s

)-1

Fig.: 7.11


1 – air2 – CCl3 – ethanol

4

K (MPamm )I

1/2

da/d

t (

ms

)

-1

3.2 9.5 15.8 22.1 28.4 34.7

1.7 10 -6

1.7 10-7

1.7 10-8

1.7 10-9

1.7 10-10

1.7 10-11

10-3

10-5

10-7

10-9

2.5 5.1 7.7 10.3

K = 1.3 MPamm Iscc

1/2

K = 2.4 MPamm Iscc

1/2

M

Mw1

w2

K = 4.7 MPamm Iscc

1/2

K = 7.0 MPamm Iscc

1/2

M

Mw3

w4

K (MPamm )I

1/2

da/d

t (

ms

)

-1

a b

Fig.: 7.12


stabilizer 1

stabilizer 2

3.16 3.79 4.42 5.05

5 10-9

6 10-10

1 10-9

PE-HDwaterT = 80 °C

K (MPamm )1/2

da/d

t (

ms

)

-1

I

Fig.: 7.13


da/d

t (

ms

)

-1

4

3

1

2

1.7 10-6

1.7 10-7

1.7 10 -8

1.7 10 1.7 10 1.7 10 1.7 10 1.7 10-5 -4 -3 -2 -1

1.7 10-5

J (Nmm s )

-1 -1

*

1 - PE-HD2 - PE-HD + 5 vol.-% chalk3 - PE-HD +20 vol.-% chalk4 - PE-HD +40 vol.-% chalk

Fig.: 7.14


100

10

110 10 10 10 10 10 10-1 0 1 2 3 4

5

airisobutanoldecanepropanolmethanol

t (min)B

(MP

a)B

III

II

I

Fig.: 7.15


airisobutanoldecanepalatinol Amethanol

100

10

110 10 10 10 10 10 10-1 0 1 2 3 4

5t (min)B

(MP

a)B

III

II

I

Fig.: 7.16


crack

SS0

Fig.: 7.17


airnekanil10 Mrad, nekanil100 Mrad, nekanil

100

10

110 10 10 10 10 10 10-1 0 1 2 3 4

5t (min)B

(MP

a)B

Fig.: 7.18


100

10

110 10 10 10 100 1 2 3

4t (min)B

(MP

a)B

t

(min

)B

(dl/g)

102

103

104

1 10

a

b

increasing molecular weight

t

(min

)B

Fig.: 7.19


1 µm1 µm1 µm

Fig.: 7.20


PS in airPS in methanolsPS in methanol

100

10

(MP

a)B

110 10 10 10 10 10 10 10-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

5t (min)B

Fig.: 7.21


airpropanolisobutanolinjection moldedcompression molded

10 10 10 10 10 10 10-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

t (min)B

(MP

a)B

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Fig.: 7.22


= 47 40 25 20 15 MPa t = 5 15 40 78 220 min

B

B

= 35 30 27 18 10 MPa t = 10 25 31 60 360 s

B

B

inje

ctio

n m

olde

d

com

pres

sion

mol

ded

Fig.: 7.23


airpalatinol A (high cooling rate)palatinol A (slow cooling rate)

100

10

110 10 10 10 10 10 10-1 0 1 2 3 4

5t (min)B

(MP

a)B

Fig.: 7.24


(M

Pa)

1000

min

(J cm )1/2 -3/2

H D T iB nB P C M PD E F

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Fig.: 7.25


(%)

c

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.6

1.2

0.8

0.4

010 20 30 40 50

(J cm )1/2 -3/2

PSU (air)

PC (air)

PPO (air)

Fig.: 7.26


200 150 100 50 0 -50T (°C)g

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0

1

23

(%)

c

Fig.: 7.27


1 – PC2 – PSU 3 – PPO

T (°C)g

(%)

c

100 80 60 40 20

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

various fluidsvarious plasticizer contents

Fig.: 7.28


isobutanol, 1 mm min

isobutanol, 100 mm min

air, 100 mm min

air, 1 mm min

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

00 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

l (mm)

F (

N)

Fig.: 7.29


-1

-1

-1

-1

PSSANPPPVC

1000

1

0.10.1 1 10 100 (mPas)

10

100

t

(min

)II

Fig.: 7.30


0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

m (

MP

a m

in

)0.35

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0

(J cm )1/2 -3/2

MEK

iB

Pa

P

nB

PD

M

A

H

D

E

F

L

Fig.: 7.31


-1

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

X t

(m

m m

in

)

-1/2

-1/2

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

K (MPamm )1/2

25 °C

15 °C

8 °C

Fig.: 7.32


airB = 2.3 mmB = 3.3 mmB = 4.3 mm

100

10

110 10 10 10 10 10 10-2 -1 0 1 2 3

4t (min)B

(MP

a)B

1 1010

10-1

100

t ~ BII

2.3

B (mm)

B = 40 MPa

-2

t

(min

)II

III

II

I

Fig.: 7.33


0 °C23 °C50 °C

(MP

a)10

00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

1.0

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

L H D T Pa iB C PD E

(J cm )1/2 -3/2

L H D T Pa iB C PD E

/10

00y

a

b

Fig.: 7.34


da/d

t (m

s

)

2 5 10 20

T= 60 °C

T = 25 °C

1.7 10-6

1.7 10-7

1.7 10-8

1.7 10-9

1.7 10-10

1.7 10 -11

K (MPamm )1/2

fracture

K = 2.5 MPammISCC

1/2

K = 7 MPammISCC

1/2

Fig.: 7.35


-1

ln d

a/dt

1/T 10 (K ). 3 -1

65 60 55 50 45 40T (°C)

MW4

MW3

2.95 3.00 3.05 3.10 3.15 3.20

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

-7

-8

-9

-10

5 % dispersant solution

air

Fig.: 7.36


Documents

Fig.: 7.1 Chapter 7: Ramsteiner, F.: Evaluating Environmental Stress Cracking Restistance. In: Grellmann, W., Seidler, S. (Eds.): Polymer Testing. Carl